宁明花山岩画病害图像的全图分析与研究
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摘要
宁明花山岩画是公元前5世纪至公元2世纪壮族先民骆越人绘制在崖壁上的古老历史画卷,是当时人们进行宗教活动的遗迹,具有重要的历史、文化和艺术价值。经过2000多年的历史变迁,在地质因素与自然环境因素作用下,宁明花山岩画产生了诸如岩体开裂、钟乳石覆盖、剥落、褪色等一系列病害,造成部分岩画图像残缺模糊、漫患不清,严重影响到画面的完整性,给研究工作带来很大困难。本研究主要参考字画修复中"全色"和"接笔"两种方法,从艺术学角度对受病害侵蚀的残损岩画图像展开"全图",旨在最大限度地还原岩画图像的原貌。研究成果对于了解骆越先民的作画意图、研究画面信息、分析岩画图像的组合方式意义重大,为日后岩画的复原工作提供基本的分析评估资料,也为类似岩画图像的辨识提供技术参考。
Huashan rock artworks in Ningming County are ancient paintings drawn on cliffs by the Luo Yue people( ancestors of the Zhuang people) from the 5 th century B. C. to the 2 nd century AD. As remnants reflecting the religious activities of these ancient people,the rock artworks have significant historical and cultural values,as well as artistic charms. However,during the past two millennia or more,a series of relic diseases such as cracking,peeling and fading,etc.,due to the effects of geological and environmental factors,have resulted in unclear and incomplete images,which seriously affect the integrity of the pictures and create difficulties for research work. Similar to "Quan Se"and "Jie Bi"( two methods of painting and calligraphy restoration),we adopted a panoramic overview of these disease-damaged rock artworks,looking at them from an artistic perspective in order to restore their original images as much as possible. The results not only have great significance in terms of further investigations into intent of the Luo Yue people in painting them,understandings of the pictorial information and studies of combination ways of the rock images,but also provide basic analysis and evaluation data for rock art restoration in the future,and technical references for identification of similar rock art images.
Huashan rock artworks in Ningming County are ancient paintings drawn on cliffs by the Luo Yue people( ancestors of the Zhuang people) from the 5 th century B. C. to the 2 nd century AD. As remnants reflecting the religious activities of these ancient people,the rock artworks have significant historical and cultural values,as well as artistic charms. However,during the past two millennia or more,a series of relic diseases such as cracking,peeling and fading,etc.,due to the effects of geological and environmental factors,have resulted in unclear and incomplete images,which seriously affect the integrity of the pictures and create difficulties for research work. Similar to "Quan Se"and "Jie Bi"( two methods of painting and calligraphy restoration),we adopted a panoramic overview of these disease-damaged rock artworks,looking at them from an artistic perspective in order to restore their original images as much as possible. The results not only have great significance in terms of further investigations into intent of the Luo Yue people in painting them,understandings of the pictorial information and studies of combination ways of the rock images,but also provide basic analysis and evaluation data for rock art restoration in the future,and technical references for identification of similar rock art images.
引文
[1]覃圣敏,覃彩銮,卢敏飞,等.广西左江流域崖壁画考察与研究[M].南宁:广西民族出版社,1987:39-169.QIN Sheng-min,QIN Cai-luan,LU Min-fei,et al.The investigation and research on the rock art of the Zuojiang river basin in Guangxi[M].Nanning:Guangxi nationalities publishing house,1987:39-169.
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[3]方昌敢.基于遗产廊道的广西左江流域旅游资源开发模式研究——以花山岩画为例[J].广西民族研究,2015(6):165-171.FANG Chang-gan.Research to the development model of tourist resource along the heritage corridor,the Zuojiang river basin,Guangxi:taking the application of Huashan rock painting for the world cultural heritage as example[J].Guangxi Ethnic Studies,2015(6):165-171.
[4]原思训,陈铁梅,胡艳秋.广西宁明花山崖壁画的14C年代研究[J].广西民族研究,1986(4):27-34.YUAN Si-xun,CHEN Tie-mei,HU Yan-qiu.14C chronology research of Huashan rock art In Guangxi Ningming[J].Guangxi Ethnic Studies,1986(4):27-34.
[5]郭宏,韩汝玢,赵静,等.水在广西花山岩画风化病害中的作用及其防治对策[J].文物保护与考古科学,2007,19(2):5-13.GUO Hong,HAN Ru-bin,ZHAO Jing,et al.The effect of water on the weathering damage of Huashan rock art in Guangxi and its prevention[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2007,19(2):5-13.
[6]廖杨,蒙丽.人类学视野中的民族文化旅游资源开发——以壮族花山文化为例[J].社会科学家,2009(7):86-88.LIAO Yang,MENG Li.The exploitation of the national culture resources in the view of anthropology:taking the Huashan rock art culture of Zhuang nationality as example[J].Social Scientist,2009(7):86-88.
[7]黄槐武,谢日万.广西宁明花山岩画的保护与防治研究[J].广西民族研究,2001(1):91-94.HUANG Huai-wu,XIE Ri-wan.The protection and control of Huashan rock art in Ningming,Guangxi[J].Guangxi Ethnic Studies,2001(1):91-94.
[8]兰日勇,谢日万,黄槐武.广西左江流域岩画病害及保护措施[C]//中国文物保护技术协会第二届学术年会论文集,2002:144-149.LAN Ri-yong,XIE Ri-wan,HUANG Huai-wu.The disease and protection methods of Huashan rock art of Zuojiang river basin in Guangxi[C]//The Proceedings of Second Annual Meeting of the Chinese Cultural Heritage Conservation,2002:144-149.
[9]赵芝,王登红,刘新星,等.广西花山岩体不同风化阶段稀土元素特征及影响因素[J].稀土,2015,36(6):14-19.ZHAO Zhi,WANG Deng-hong,LIU Xin-xing,et al.Geochemical features of rare earth elements in different weathering stage of the Guangxi Huashan granite and its influence factors[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2015,36(6):14-19.
[10]郭宏,韩汝玢,赵静,等.广西花山岩画风化产物微观特征研究[J].中原文物,2005(6):82-88.GUO Hong,HAN Ru-bin,ZHAO Jing,et al.The study on the microscopic characteristics of efflorescence products of Guangxi Huashan rock art[J].Central Plains Journal of Cultural Relics,2005(6):82-88.
[11]孙延忠,王志良.广西花山岩画脱落和褪色原因分析[J].文物保护与考古科学,2011,23(2):14-16.SUN Yan-zhong,WANG Zhi-liang.The analysis on falling and fading of Guangxi Huashan rock art[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2011,23(2):14-16.
[12]郭宏,韩汝玢,赵静,等.广西花山岩画颜料及其褪色病害的防治对策[J].文物保护与考古科学,2005,17(4):8-12.GUO Hong,HAN Ru-bin,ZHAO Jing,et al.The countermeasures of color flading disease of Guangxi Huashan rock art[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2005,17(4):8-12.
[13]张兵峰.广西宁明花山岩画病害勘察研究[J].中国文物科学研究,2009(3):63-66.ZHANG Bing-feng.The study on the disease of Guangxi Ningming Huashan rock art[J].Chinese Journal of Cultural Relics Scientific Research,2009(3):63-66.
[14]郭宏,韩汝玢,赵静,等.广西花山岩画抢救性保护修复材料的选择试验[J].文物保护与考古科学,2006,18(3):18-24.GUO Hong,HAN Ru-bin,ZHAO Jing,et al.Selection experiment on the urgent conservation materials for the petroglyphs on the Flower Mountain,Guangxi[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2006,18(3):18-24.
[15]郭宏,韩汝玢,李斌,等.花山岩画岩石生物风化机理及其防治对策研究[J].中国文物科学研究,2007(2):64-69.GUO Hong,HAN Ru-bin,LI Bin,et al.Study on biological weathering mechanism and prevention of Huashan rock art in Guangxi[J].Chinese Journal of Cultural Relics Scientific Research,2007(2):64-69.
[16]郭文林.中国古书画修复如何借鉴“最小干预原则”[J].故宫博物院院刊,2011,156(4):152-159.GUO Wen-lin.On application of‘minimum Intervention principle’to restoration of Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy:A case study of‘Jiebi’in restoring Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy[J].Palace Museum Journal,2011,156(4):152-159.
[17]覃圣敏.骆越画魂——花山崖壁画之谜[M].南宁:广西人民出版社,2009:111.QIN Sheng-min.The soul of Luoyue people:the mystery of Huashan rock art[M].Nanning:Guangxi People’s Publishing House,2009:111.
[18][英]E H贡布里希.图像与眼睛——图画再现心理学的再研究[M].南宁:广西美术出版社,2016:12-14.Gombrich E H.The image and the eye:further studies in the psychology of pictorial representation(in English)[M].Nanning:Guangxi Fine Arts Publishing House,2016:12-14.
[2]王克荣,邱钟仑,陈远璋.左江岩画研究[M].北京:文物出版社,1988:36-249.WANG Ke-rong,QIU Zhong-lun,CHEN Yuan-zhang.The research on the rock art in Zuojiang river[M].Beijing:Cultural Relics Publishing House,1988:36-249.
[3]方昌敢.基于遗产廊道的广西左江流域旅游资源开发模式研究——以花山岩画为例[J].广西民族研究,2015(6):165-171.FANG Chang-gan.Research to the development model of tourist resource along the heritage corridor,the Zuojiang river basin,Guangxi:taking the application of Huashan rock painting for the world cultural heritage as example[J].Guangxi Ethnic Studies,2015(6):165-171.
[4]原思训,陈铁梅,胡艳秋.广西宁明花山崖壁画的14C年代研究[J].广西民族研究,1986(4):27-34.YUAN Si-xun,CHEN Tie-mei,HU Yan-qiu.14C chronology research of Huashan rock art In Guangxi Ningming[J].Guangxi Ethnic Studies,1986(4):27-34.
[5]郭宏,韩汝玢,赵静,等.水在广西花山岩画风化病害中的作用及其防治对策[J].文物保护与考古科学,2007,19(2):5-13.GUO Hong,HAN Ru-bin,ZHAO Jing,et al.The effect of water on the weathering damage of Huashan rock art in Guangxi and its prevention[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2007,19(2):5-13.
[6]廖杨,蒙丽.人类学视野中的民族文化旅游资源开发——以壮族花山文化为例[J].社会科学家,2009(7):86-88.LIAO Yang,MENG Li.The exploitation of the national culture resources in the view of anthropology:taking the Huashan rock art culture of Zhuang nationality as example[J].Social Scientist,2009(7):86-88.
[7]黄槐武,谢日万.广西宁明花山岩画的保护与防治研究[J].广西民族研究,2001(1):91-94.HUANG Huai-wu,XIE Ri-wan.The protection and control of Huashan rock art in Ningming,Guangxi[J].Guangxi Ethnic Studies,2001(1):91-94.
[8]兰日勇,谢日万,黄槐武.广西左江流域岩画病害及保护措施[C]//中国文物保护技术协会第二届学术年会论文集,2002:144-149.LAN Ri-yong,XIE Ri-wan,HUANG Huai-wu.The disease and protection methods of Huashan rock art of Zuojiang river basin in Guangxi[C]//The Proceedings of Second Annual Meeting of the Chinese Cultural Heritage Conservation,2002:144-149.
[9]赵芝,王登红,刘新星,等.广西花山岩体不同风化阶段稀土元素特征及影响因素[J].稀土,2015,36(6):14-19.ZHAO Zhi,WANG Deng-hong,LIU Xin-xing,et al.Geochemical features of rare earth elements in different weathering stage of the Guangxi Huashan granite and its influence factors[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2015,36(6):14-19.
[10]郭宏,韩汝玢,赵静,等.广西花山岩画风化产物微观特征研究[J].中原文物,2005(6):82-88.GUO Hong,HAN Ru-bin,ZHAO Jing,et al.The study on the microscopic characteristics of efflorescence products of Guangxi Huashan rock art[J].Central Plains Journal of Cultural Relics,2005(6):82-88.
[11]孙延忠,王志良.广西花山岩画脱落和褪色原因分析[J].文物保护与考古科学,2011,23(2):14-16.SUN Yan-zhong,WANG Zhi-liang.The analysis on falling and fading of Guangxi Huashan rock art[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2011,23(2):14-16.
[12]郭宏,韩汝玢,赵静,等.广西花山岩画颜料及其褪色病害的防治对策[J].文物保护与考古科学,2005,17(4):8-12.GUO Hong,HAN Ru-bin,ZHAO Jing,et al.The countermeasures of color flading disease of Guangxi Huashan rock art[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2005,17(4):8-12.
[13]张兵峰.广西宁明花山岩画病害勘察研究[J].中国文物科学研究,2009(3):63-66.ZHANG Bing-feng.The study on the disease of Guangxi Ningming Huashan rock art[J].Chinese Journal of Cultural Relics Scientific Research,2009(3):63-66.
[14]郭宏,韩汝玢,赵静,等.广西花山岩画抢救性保护修复材料的选择试验[J].文物保护与考古科学,2006,18(3):18-24.GUO Hong,HAN Ru-bin,ZHAO Jing,et al.Selection experiment on the urgent conservation materials for the petroglyphs on the Flower Mountain,Guangxi[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2006,18(3):18-24.
[15]郭宏,韩汝玢,李斌,等.花山岩画岩石生物风化机理及其防治对策研究[J].中国文物科学研究,2007(2):64-69.GUO Hong,HAN Ru-bin,LI Bin,et al.Study on biological weathering mechanism and prevention of Huashan rock art in Guangxi[J].Chinese Journal of Cultural Relics Scientific Research,2007(2):64-69.
[16]郭文林.中国古书画修复如何借鉴“最小干预原则”[J].故宫博物院院刊,2011,156(4):152-159.GUO Wen-lin.On application of‘minimum Intervention principle’to restoration of Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy:A case study of‘Jiebi’in restoring Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy[J].Palace Museum Journal,2011,156(4):152-159.
[17]覃圣敏.骆越画魂——花山崖壁画之谜[M].南宁:广西人民出版社,2009:111.QIN Sheng-min.The soul of Luoyue people:the mystery of Huashan rock art[M].Nanning:Guangxi People’s Publishing House,2009:111.
[18][英]E H贡布里希.图像与眼睛——图画再现心理学的再研究[M].南宁:广西美术出版社,2016:12-14.Gombrich E H.The image and the eye:further studies in the psychology of pictorial representation(in English)[M].Nanning:Guangxi Fine Arts Publishing House,2016:12-14.