基于概率分布列的风电参与黑启动时电力系统安全裕度分析
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摘要
近年来风电渗透率的不断提高和风电控制技术的不断成熟,使风电参与系统恢复具有了必要性和可行性。该文首先基于风电对系统恢复的影响,提出了风电参与黑启动的安全裕度评价指标,以表征黑启动过程中系统接入一定容量风电后在既定时段内的安全程度;然后定义了"连续型随机变量的概率分布列"的概念,用于简化复杂连续型随机变量的概率分析;随后将历史模拟法应用于生成未来风电出力模拟集,得到了基于概率分布列的安全裕度分析方法;最后针对某具体黑启动方案,说明了安全裕度求解的一般步骤,多角度分析了风电对系统恢复安全性的影响,求解了不同风电接入容量下的安全裕度的概率分布列,确定了各时刻的安全风电接入容量,并找出了黑启动过程中提高安全风电接入容量的方法。
In recent years, the increasing wind power penetration and the maturing wind power control technology have made the necessity and feasibility of wind power participating in system recovery. In this paper, the security margin evaluation indexes of wind power participating in black start were put forward based on the influence of wind power on the system recovery, which characterize the security level of the system accommodating a certain amount of wind power during black start. Then, the concept of the continuous random variable's probability distribution column was defined, to simplify the probability analysis of a complex continuous random variable. Additionally, the historical simulation method was applied to generate the simulation set of future wind power output, and the method of security margin analysis based on probability distribution column was proposed. At last, with a specific black-start scheme, general steps to solve the security margin were demonstrated, the influence of wind power on system restoration security was analyzed from multi-angles, the probability distribution column of the security margin under different capacities of wind power integration were solved, the safe capacity of wind power integration at each time was determined, and the methods of improving the safe capacity of wind power integration during the black start were given.
In recent years, the increasing wind power penetration and the maturing wind power control technology have made the necessity and feasibility of wind power participating in system recovery. In this paper, the security margin evaluation indexes of wind power participating in black start were put forward based on the influence of wind power on the system recovery, which characterize the security level of the system accommodating a certain amount of wind power during black start. Then, the concept of the continuous random variable's probability distribution column was defined, to simplify the probability analysis of a complex continuous random variable. Additionally, the historical simulation method was applied to generate the simulation set of future wind power output, and the method of security margin analysis based on probability distribution column was proposed. At last, with a specific black-start scheme, general steps to solve the security margin were demonstrated, the influence of wind power on system restoration security was analyzed from multi-angles, the probability distribution column of the security margin under different capacities of wind power integration were solved, the safe capacity of wind power integration at each time was determined, and the methods of improving the safe capacity of wind power integration during the black start were given.
引文
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[9]杜康,刘艳,叶茂,等.辅助风电场参与初期黑启动时储能电站容量配置策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(18):62-68.Du Kang,Liu Yan,Ye Mao,et al.Capacity configuration strategy of energy storage power station when assisting the wind farm in integrating into the preliminary black start[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(18):62-68.
[10]孙峰,朱钰,王刚,等.风储发电系统黑启动模型及仿真研究[J].电气应用,2015(增刊1):521-527.Sun Feng,Zhu Yu,Wang Gang,et al.Black-start model and simulation of wind storage power system[J].Electric Application,2015(S1):521-527.
[11]Wang Gang,Liu Jianchang,Liu Li,et al.Study and simulation on wind storage power generation system black start model[J].International Journal of Control and Automation,2016,9(6):37-50.
[12]刘力卿,杜平,万玉良,等.储能型风电场作为局域电网黑启动电源的可行性探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):210-216.Liu Liqing,Du Ping,Wan Yuliang,et al.Wind farm feasibility as the black start power of local power network[J].Power System Automation,Energy Storage,2016,40(21):210-216.
[13]文宏成.含风电的电力系统黑启动研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.
[14]Aktarujjaman M,Kashem M A,Negnevitsky M,et al.Black start with dfig based distributed generation after major emergencies[C]//International Conference on Power Electronics,Drives and Energy Systems,New Delhi,2006:1-6.
[15]Adibi M,Clelland P,Fink L,et al.Power system restoration-a task force report[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1987,2(2):271-277.
[16]国家电网公司.Q/GDW404-2010国家电网安全稳定计算技术规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[17]徐泰山,薛禹胜.暂态频率偏移可接受性的定量分析[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(19):7-10.Xu Taishan,Xue Yusheng.Quantitative assessments of transient frequency deviation acceptability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2002,26(19):7-10.
[18]黄剑.历史模拟法诸模型的比较研究[J].金融研究,2010(11):180-188.Huang Jian.A comparative study of various models of historical simulation[J].Financial Research,2010(11):180-188.
[19]田继敏,冯仲,张格.历史模拟法应用要点分析[J].中国金融,2013(8):26-27.Tian Jimin,Feng Zhong,Zhang Ge.Analysis of application points of historical simulation method[J].China Finance,2013(8):26-27.
[20]王松岩,李碧君,于继来,等.风速与风电功率预测误差概率分布的时变特性分析[J].电网技术,2013,37(4):967-973.Wang Songyan,Li Bijun,Yu Jilai,et al.Analysis on time-varying characteristics of probability error in forecast of wind speed and wind power[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(4):967-973.
[21]许玉贞,詹红霞,张瑞冬,等.考虑风电预测误差成本的微网经济调度[J].电气技术,2015,16(5):26-29.Xu Yuzhen,Zhan Hongxia,Zhang Ruidong,et al.The research of micro-grid eonomic dispatch considering the cost of forcast error of wind power[J].Electrical Engineering,2015,16(5):26-29.
[22]侯佑华,房大中,齐军,等.大规模风电入网的有功功率波动特性分析及发电计划仿真[J].电网技术,2010(5):60-66.Hou Youhua,Fang Dazhong,Qi Jun,et al.Analysis of active power fluctuation and generation schedule simulation of large scale wind power network[J].Power System Technology,2010(5):60-66.
[23]刘艳,张凡,顾雪平.大停电后的机组投运风险评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):106-113.Liu Yan,Zhang Fan,Gu Xueping.Risk assessment for restoring units following large-scale blackout[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):106-113.
[24]刘艳,张华.基于失电风险最小的机组恢复顺序优化方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(14):46-53.Liu Yan,Zhang Hua.Optimization of units'restoration sequence based on minimizing risk of electrical energy loss[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2015,39(14):46-53.
[25]叶茂,刘艳,顾雪平,等.基于动态风电穿透功率极限的黑启动方案制定[J/OL].中国电机工程学报,2018:1-9[2018-01-26].https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.162523.Ye Mao,Liu Yan,Gu Xueping,et al.Black start scheme formation considering dynamic wind power penetration limit[J/OL].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018:1-9[2018-01-26].https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.162523.
[26]汤涌,卜广全,印永华,等.PSD-BPA暂态稳定程序用户手册[M].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2008.
[2]全国电力监管标准化技术委员会.GB/T 19963-2011风电场接入电力系统技术规定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[3]孟岩峰,胡书举,李旭,等.应用于动模试验系统的风电模拟技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(3):130-137.Meng Yanfeng,Hu Shuju,Li Xu,et al.Research on wind power simulation technology applied to power system dynamics imulation test system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(3):130-137.
[4]李辉,刘盛权,冉立,等.大功率并网风电机组变流器状态监测技术综述[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(8):1-10.Li Hui,Liu Shengquan,Ran Li,et al.Overview of condition monitoring technologies of power converter for high power grid-connected wind turbine generator system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(8):1-10.
[5]李建林,马会萌,惠东.储能技术融合分布式可再生能源的现状及发展趋势[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(14):1-10.Li Jianlin,Ma Huimeng,Hui Dong.Present development condition and trends of energy storage technology in the integration of distributed renewable energy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(14):1-10.
[6]初壮,窦孝祥,于群英.考虑风电随机性的多场景配电网重构[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(1):132-138.Chu Zhuang,Dou Xiaoxiang,Yu Qunying.Multi scene distribution network reconfiguration considering the randomness of wind power[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(1):132-138.
[7]Seca L,Costa H,Moreira C L,et al.An innovative strategy for power system restoration using utility scale wind parks[C]//IREP Symposium Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control-IX Optimization,Security and Control of the Emerging Power Grid,Rethymno,2013:1-8.
[8]吴泓俭,雷霞,刘斌,等.基于遗传膜算法的含风电机组和电动汽车的配电网分时段动态重构[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(2):196-205.Wu Hongjian,Lei Xia,Liu Bin,et al.Membrane computing based genetic algorithm for dynamic reconfiguration of distribution network with dividing time and considering electric vehicles and wind turbines[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(2):196-205.
[9]杜康,刘艳,叶茂,等.辅助风电场参与初期黑启动时储能电站容量配置策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(18):62-68.Du Kang,Liu Yan,Ye Mao,et al.Capacity configuration strategy of energy storage power station when assisting the wind farm in integrating into the preliminary black start[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(18):62-68.
[10]孙峰,朱钰,王刚,等.风储发电系统黑启动模型及仿真研究[J].电气应用,2015(增刊1):521-527.Sun Feng,Zhu Yu,Wang Gang,et al.Black-start model and simulation of wind storage power system[J].Electric Application,2015(S1):521-527.
[11]Wang Gang,Liu Jianchang,Liu Li,et al.Study and simulation on wind storage power generation system black start model[J].International Journal of Control and Automation,2016,9(6):37-50.
[12]刘力卿,杜平,万玉良,等.储能型风电场作为局域电网黑启动电源的可行性探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):210-216.Liu Liqing,Du Ping,Wan Yuliang,et al.Wind farm feasibility as the black start power of local power network[J].Power System Automation,Energy Storage,2016,40(21):210-216.
[13]文宏成.含风电的电力系统黑启动研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015.
[14]Aktarujjaman M,Kashem M A,Negnevitsky M,et al.Black start with dfig based distributed generation after major emergencies[C]//International Conference on Power Electronics,Drives and Energy Systems,New Delhi,2006:1-6.
[15]Adibi M,Clelland P,Fink L,et al.Power system restoration-a task force report[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1987,2(2):271-277.
[16]国家电网公司.Q/GDW404-2010国家电网安全稳定计算技术规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[17]徐泰山,薛禹胜.暂态频率偏移可接受性的定量分析[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(19):7-10.Xu Taishan,Xue Yusheng.Quantitative assessments of transient frequency deviation acceptability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2002,26(19):7-10.
[18]黄剑.历史模拟法诸模型的比较研究[J].金融研究,2010(11):180-188.Huang Jian.A comparative study of various models of historical simulation[J].Financial Research,2010(11):180-188.
[19]田继敏,冯仲,张格.历史模拟法应用要点分析[J].中国金融,2013(8):26-27.Tian Jimin,Feng Zhong,Zhang Ge.Analysis of application points of historical simulation method[J].China Finance,2013(8):26-27.
[20]王松岩,李碧君,于继来,等.风速与风电功率预测误差概率分布的时变特性分析[J].电网技术,2013,37(4):967-973.Wang Songyan,Li Bijun,Yu Jilai,et al.Analysis on time-varying characteristics of probability error in forecast of wind speed and wind power[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(4):967-973.
[21]许玉贞,詹红霞,张瑞冬,等.考虑风电预测误差成本的微网经济调度[J].电气技术,2015,16(5):26-29.Xu Yuzhen,Zhan Hongxia,Zhang Ruidong,et al.The research of micro-grid eonomic dispatch considering the cost of forcast error of wind power[J].Electrical Engineering,2015,16(5):26-29.
[22]侯佑华,房大中,齐军,等.大规模风电入网的有功功率波动特性分析及发电计划仿真[J].电网技术,2010(5):60-66.Hou Youhua,Fang Dazhong,Qi Jun,et al.Analysis of active power fluctuation and generation schedule simulation of large scale wind power network[J].Power System Technology,2010(5):60-66.
[23]刘艳,张凡,顾雪平.大停电后的机组投运风险评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):106-113.Liu Yan,Zhang Fan,Gu Xueping.Risk assessment for restoring units following large-scale blackout[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):106-113.
[24]刘艳,张华.基于失电风险最小的机组恢复顺序优化方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(14):46-53.Liu Yan,Zhang Hua.Optimization of units'restoration sequence based on minimizing risk of electrical energy loss[J].Automation of Electric Power System,2015,39(14):46-53.
[25]叶茂,刘艳,顾雪平,等.基于动态风电穿透功率极限的黑启动方案制定[J/OL].中国电机工程学报,2018:1-9[2018-01-26].https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.162523.Ye Mao,Liu Yan,Gu Xueping,et al.Black start scheme formation considering dynamic wind power penetration limit[J/OL].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018:1-9[2018-01-26].https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.162523.
[26]汤涌,卜广全,印永华,等.PSD-BPA暂态稳定程序用户手册[M].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2008.