从引进试验看新疆春播适宜种植的玉米品种
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摘要
科技援疆是国家的一项重大战略决策。为促进新疆玉米科研发展并探索引种经验和高产经验,提高玉米的经济效益,山西玉米所2013年开始进行玉米新品种在当地的引种试验。通过引种山西近年育成的42个玉米品种,采用设置对照,间比排列试验,进行田间精细管理,并调查了各农艺性状等。从试验结果可以看出环境改变和密度增加、覆膜栽培对株高、穗位、生育期产生了影响,大部分品种不能适应新疆气候,但仍有部分品种生育期适中,农艺性状优良,抗性优良,产量超过对照,说明山西育成的部分品种对新疆的气候和栽培模式有较好的适应性,可以筛选利用。因此,笔者认为适宜新疆春播种植的玉米品种应具有高的产量潜力,耐密植栽培,生育期适中,抗倒能力强和适合机械化作业等特性。
Scientific and technical support to Xinjiang is a strategic policy in China. In order to promote the development of maize research, explore the introduction and high yield production in Xinjiang, and improve the economic efficiency of maize, an introduction test of new maize varieties was carried out by Maize Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences since 2013. Through the introduction of 42 maize varieties bred in Shanxi in recent years, the experiment was conducted by setting up the control and the interval comparison arrangement. The field fine management was also carried out. And the agronomic characters were investigated. The test results showed that due to environment change and density increase, film mulching cultivation affected plant height, ear height, and growth period. Most species could not adapt to the climate in Xinjiang, but there were still some varieties showed moderate growth period, excellent agronomic characters and excellent resistance. Their yields were higher than that of the control. It indicated that some varieties bred in Shanxi had better adaptability to the climate and cultivation mode in Xinjiang, and they could be screened and used. Therefore, we thought that for popularizing the spring- sowing maize varieties in Xinjiang, the varieties must have characteristics including high yield, enduring high- density planting,moderate growth period, strong lodging resistance and suitable for mechanical operation.
Scientific and technical support to Xinjiang is a strategic policy in China. In order to promote the development of maize research, explore the introduction and high yield production in Xinjiang, and improve the economic efficiency of maize, an introduction test of new maize varieties was carried out by Maize Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences since 2013. Through the introduction of 42 maize varieties bred in Shanxi in recent years, the experiment was conducted by setting up the control and the interval comparison arrangement. The field fine management was also carried out. And the agronomic characters were investigated. The test results showed that due to environment change and density increase, film mulching cultivation affected plant height, ear height, and growth period. Most species could not adapt to the climate in Xinjiang, but there were still some varieties showed moderate growth period, excellent agronomic characters and excellent resistance. Their yields were higher than that of the control. It indicated that some varieties bred in Shanxi had better adaptability to the climate and cultivation mode in Xinjiang, and they could be screened and used. Therefore, we thought that for popularizing the spring- sowing maize varieties in Xinjiang, the varieties must have characteristics including high yield, enduring high- density planting,moderate growth period, strong lodging resistance and suitable for mechanical operation.
引文
[1]《中央政治局常委会关于维护新疆稳定的会议纪要》,中发[1996]7号.
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[7]王国栋,曾胜和,陈云,等.新疆滴灌春玉米密植高产栽培施肥效应研究[J].现代农业研究,2014,35(3):376-380.
[8]柳延涛,杜红,李鲁华,等.新疆玉米生产农业气候资源及生产潜力估算[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(10):1908-1913.
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[12]中国农业科学院.新疆万亩玉米示范田亩产突破1200公斤[Z].中国农业信息网,2014,11,20.
[13]杨吉顺,高辉远,刘鹏,等.种植密度和行距配置对高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1226-1233.
[14]施志国,勾玲,姚敏娜,等.新疆不同耐密型玉米品种光合性能及产量构成特征的研究[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(6):981-989.
[15]赵善英,勾玲,薛军,等.新疆不同种植密度下春玉米光能利用率变化[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(12):2166-2172.
[16]陈稳良,白琪林,石平,等.耐密植玉米育种探讨[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(10):1040-1042.
[17]李爱生,侯有良,卢保红,等.从先玉335成功应用得到的育种启示[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(6):590-592.
[18]陈东,银永安,陈林,等.新疆膜下滴灌玉米栽培技术推广与应用[J].大麦与谷类科学,2015,4:62-64.
[19]姚敏娜,施志国,薛军,等.种植密度对玉米茎秆皮层结构及抗倒伏能力的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(11):2006-2014.
[20]段民孝.从农大108和郑单958中得到的玉米育种启示[J].玉米科学,2005,13(4):49-52.
[21]陈得义,景希强,王孝杰,等.耐密宜机收玉米品种选育探讨[J].作物杂志,2014,2:13-15.
[22]刘京宝,朱卫红,黄璐,等.玉米耐密育种技术研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(7):93-96.
[23]张静,韩长杰,郭辉,等.新疆玉米生产及机械化技术发展探讨[J].农业科技与设备,2014(9):16-19.
[24]曹卫彬,刘迎春,朱海涛,等.新疆玉米收获机械化发展现状及对策[J].新疆农机化,2008,3:20-22.
[25]侯有良,卢保红,魏荣业,等.山西玉米生产中存在的主要问题及其解决对策[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(11):1129-1131,1168.
[2]赵久然,赵明,董树亭,等.中国玉米栽培发展三十年(1981—2010)[C].中国农业科学技术出版社,2011:145-148.
[3]李少昆,吕新.新疆春玉米超高产栽培的实践与探索[J].中国农业科技导报,2000,2(3):43-46.
[4]桑志勤,夏景中,付斌军,等.新疆主栽春播玉米品种比较试验[J].广州农业科学,2014,6:24-26.
[5]库鲁帕西·也留汗.新疆玉米育种相关问题研究[J].北京农业,2016,1:28-29.
[6]刘建军.新疆玉米机械化收获发展思路[J].农业发展与装备,2014,4:35.
[7]王国栋,曾胜和,陈云,等.新疆滴灌春玉米密植高产栽培施肥效应研究[J].现代农业研究,2014,35(3):376-380.
[8]柳延涛,杜红,李鲁华,等.新疆玉米生产农业气候资源及生产潜力估算[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(10):1908-1913.
[9]赵梅,徐德立.新疆玉米高产田每亩单产一千三百多公斤创中国纪录[Z].中国农业科学院网站,2011,10,19.
[10]新疆玉米高产创新记录[J].中国农村科技,2012(11):11-11.
[11]中国农业科学院.玉米单产突破1500公斤再创全国高产记录[J].Information of Agricultural Science and Technology,2014(1):15-15.
[12]中国农业科学院.新疆万亩玉米示范田亩产突破1200公斤[Z].中国农业信息网,2014,11,20.
[13]杨吉顺,高辉远,刘鹏,等.种植密度和行距配置对高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1226-1233.
[14]施志国,勾玲,姚敏娜,等.新疆不同耐密型玉米品种光合性能及产量构成特征的研究[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(6):981-989.
[15]赵善英,勾玲,薛军,等.新疆不同种植密度下春玉米光能利用率变化[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(12):2166-2172.
[16]陈稳良,白琪林,石平,等.耐密植玉米育种探讨[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(10):1040-1042.
[17]李爱生,侯有良,卢保红,等.从先玉335成功应用得到的育种启示[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(6):590-592.
[18]陈东,银永安,陈林,等.新疆膜下滴灌玉米栽培技术推广与应用[J].大麦与谷类科学,2015,4:62-64.
[19]姚敏娜,施志国,薛军,等.种植密度对玉米茎秆皮层结构及抗倒伏能力的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(11):2006-2014.
[20]段民孝.从农大108和郑单958中得到的玉米育种启示[J].玉米科学,2005,13(4):49-52.
[21]陈得义,景希强,王孝杰,等.耐密宜机收玉米品种选育探讨[J].作物杂志,2014,2:13-15.
[22]刘京宝,朱卫红,黄璐,等.玉米耐密育种技术研究进展[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(7):93-96.
[23]张静,韩长杰,郭辉,等.新疆玉米生产及机械化技术发展探讨[J].农业科技与设备,2014(9):16-19.
[24]曹卫彬,刘迎春,朱海涛,等.新疆玉米收获机械化发展现状及对策[J].新疆农机化,2008,3:20-22.
[25]侯有良,卢保红,魏荣业,等.山西玉米生产中存在的主要问题及其解决对策[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(11):1129-1131,1168.