不同部位雪茄烟叶晾制过程中多酚、色素及相关酶活性的变化
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摘要
为明确晾制过程中雪茄烟叶多酚类物质和质体色素的降解规律以及相关酶活性的动态变化,以德雪1号为试验材料,研究了不同部位烟叶晾制期间多酚类物质、质体色素及相关酶活性的变化规律,并进行了相关分析。结果表明,不同部位雪茄烟叶中多酚类物质含量主要表现为中部叶>下部叶>上部叶,其中各部位绿原酸含量均呈下降趋势,而芸香苷和莨菪亭含量均呈现单峰曲线。各部位质体色素含量随着晾制过程的推进而逐渐降低,整体表现为上部叶>中部叶>下部叶。各部位烟叶中脂氧合酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶等酶活性均呈先增后降趋势。相关分析表明,晾制期间各部位多酚氧化酶活性与多酚、色素含量呈正相关,且与绿原酸和β-胡萝卜素达到显著水平;苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性与多酚、色素含量呈负相关,且与绿原酸达到显著水平。过氧化物酶与脂氧合酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶均呈显著正相关,因此在晾制过程中合理调控各类酶活性,可以控制多酚类物质及质体色素含量,有利于提高雪茄烟叶调制特性。
In order to clarify the degradation of polyphenols and plastid pigments and the changes of related enzyme activities in cigar leaves during air-curing, taking Dexue No.1 as the test material, the changes of polyphenols, plastid pigments and related enzyme activities in leaves at different positions of cigar tobacco were studied, and the correlation analyses were carried out. The results showed that the polyphenol contents showed cutters > lower leaf > upper leaf at different positions of cigar plants. The chlorogenic acid content showed a downward trend at all positions, but rutin and scopoletin showed a single peak curve. The plastid pigment gradually decreased with the air-curing process, and it showed upper leaf > cutters > lower leaf. The activities of lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase at different positions of cigar first increased and then decreased. Correlation analysis showed that polyphenol oxidase activity was positively correlated with polyphenols and pigment content at different positions during air-curing, and significant correlations with chlorogenic acid and β-carotene were also observed.The negative correlations were observed between phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and polyphenols and pigments, and the significant correlations with chlorogenic acid. Significant positive correlations were observed between peroxidase and lipoxygenase,phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase. Therefore, reasonable regulation of enzyme activities during air-curing can control the content of polyphenols and plastid pigments, which is beneficial to improvement of the curing characteristics of cigar.
In order to clarify the degradation of polyphenols and plastid pigments and the changes of related enzyme activities in cigar leaves during air-curing, taking Dexue No.1 as the test material, the changes of polyphenols, plastid pigments and related enzyme activities in leaves at different positions of cigar tobacco were studied, and the correlation analyses were carried out. The results showed that the polyphenol contents showed cutters > lower leaf > upper leaf at different positions of cigar plants. The chlorogenic acid content showed a downward trend at all positions, but rutin and scopoletin showed a single peak curve. The plastid pigment gradually decreased with the air-curing process, and it showed upper leaf > cutters > lower leaf. The activities of lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase at different positions of cigar first increased and then decreased. Correlation analysis showed that polyphenol oxidase activity was positively correlated with polyphenols and pigment content at different positions during air-curing, and significant correlations with chlorogenic acid and β-carotene were also observed.The negative correlations were observed between phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and polyphenols and pigments, and the significant correlations with chlorogenic acid. Significant positive correlations were observed between peroxidase and lipoxygenase,phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase. Therefore, reasonable regulation of enzyme activities during air-curing can control the content of polyphenols and plastid pigments, which is beneficial to improvement of the curing characteristics of cigar.
引文
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[17]杨志晓,王轶,任学良,等.烟草多酚类化合物合成与积累影响因素研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(10):1-5.YANG Z X,WANG Y,REN X L,et al.Research advance on influencing factors of synthesis and accumulation of polyphenolic compounds in tobacco[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2012,41(10):1-5.
[18]刘晓迪,景延秋,宫长荣.烘烤过程中烤烟类胡萝卜素类及多酚的变化[J].烟草科技,2013(12):41-44.LIU X D,JING Y Q,GONG C R.Dynamic variation of carotenoids and polyphenols during flue curing[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013(12):41-44.
[19]柴家荣,李天飞,杨宏光,等.晾制期间白肋烟TN90叶绿体色素降解动态及呼吸强度的变化[J].烟草科技,2004(5):32-35.CHAI J R,LI T F,YANG H G,et al.Degradation of chloroplast pigments and change of respiratory intensity in TN90 during air-curing[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2004(5):32-35.
[20]王树声.烟叶色素与化学成分及评吸结果的相关分析[J].中国烟草,1990(4):21-24.WANG S S.Correlation analysis of tobacco leaf pigment and chemical composition and evaluation results[J].Chinese Tobacco,1990(4):21-24.
[21]李艳梅,宫长荣,陈江华,等.烟叶在烘烤过程中脂氧合酶、脱落酸与色素降解的关系[J].中国烟草学报,2001(3):46-48.LI Y M,GONG C R,CHEN J H,et al.Relationship between lipoxygenase,ABA and degradation of chorophyll and carotenoid at curing in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2001(3):46-48.
[22]HAROLD W.GARDNER.Biological Roles and Biochemistry of the Lipoxygenase Pathway[J].Hort Science,1995,30(2):197-205.
[23]宫长荣,宋朝鹏,赵明月,等.抗坏血酸在白肋烟晾制过程中的变化[J].中国农业科学,2004(4):597-599.GONG C R,SONG Z P,ZHAO M Y,et al.Changes of ascorbic acid during burley tobacco air-curing[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004(4):597-599.
[24]KUMAR A,ELLIS B E.The Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Gene Family in Raspberry.Structure,Expression,and Evolution[J].Plant Physiology,2001,127(1):230-239.
[25]宋立江,狄莹,石碧.植物多酚研究与利用的意义及发展趋势[J].化学进展,2000(2):161-170.SONG L J,DI Y,SHI B.The significance and development trend in research of plant polyphenols[J].Progress in Chemistry,2000(2):161-170.
[26]戴亚,唐宏,施春华,等.烟草多酚氧化酶的分离提纯及性质研究[J].中国烟草学报,2001(4):9-14.DAI Y,TANG H,SHI C H,et al.The purifieation of polyphenol oxidase in tobacco and its properties[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2001(4):9-14.
[2]过伟民,张骏,刘阳,等.烤烟质体色素及多酚与外观质量关系研究[J].中国烟草学报,2009,15(2):33-40.GUO W M,ZHANG J,LIU Y,et al.Research on relationship between sensory quality and plastid pigment and polyphenol in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2009,15(2):33-40.
[3]宫长荣.烟草调制学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.GONG C R.Tobacco modulation[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2003.
[4]赵铭钦,刘金霞,黄永成,等.烟草质体色素与烟叶品质的关系综述[J].中国农学通报,2007(7):135-138.ZHAO M Q,LIU J X,HUANG Y C,et al.Review of the relation between the plastid pigment and the quality of tobacco leaves[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007(7):135-138.
[5]王昇,谢复炜,吴鸣,等.多酚在白肋烟生长、采收、调制过程中的变化研究[J].中国烟草学报,2004(5):5-11.WANG S,XIE F W,WU M,et al.A study of polyphenols in burley tobacco during growing,harvesting and curing[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2004(5):5-11.
[6]石盼盼,宋朝鹏,王梅,等.烟草质体色素研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2011(19):37-40.SHI P P,SONG Z P,WANG M,et al.Progress of plastic pigment in tobacco[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2011(19):37-40.
[7]董淑君,黄明迪,王耀锋,等.密集烤房与普通烤房烘烤中烟叶色素和多酚含量的变化分析[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(1):90-95.DONG S J,HUANG M D,WANG Y F,et al.Change difference of pigment and polyphenol contents between bulk-curing barn and traditional flue-curing barn during curing process[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2015,36(1):90-95.
[8]宋朝鹏,高远,武圣江,等.密集烘烤定色期烟叶类胡萝卜素降解及相关酶活性变化[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(8):2875-2881.SONG Z P,GAO Y,WU S J,et al.The degradation mechanism of carotenoids in flue-cured tobacco and the changes of the related enzymes activities at leaf-drying stage during the bulk curing process[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(8):2875-2881.
[9]孟莉.晒烟主要次生代谢物质及其烟叶品质的关系[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2015.MENG L.Main secondary metabolism substance and its relationship with the quality of sun-cured tobacco[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2015.
[10]宫长荣,王爱华,王松峰.烟叶烘烤过程中多酚类物质的变化及与化学成分的相关分析[J].中国农业科学,2005(11):173-177.GONG C R,WANG A H,WANG S F.Changes of polyphenols in tobacco leaves during the flue-curing process and relative analysis of some chemical components[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2005(11):173-177.
[11]邹宇航,唐义之,张华述,等.雪茄茄衣烟调制技术初探[J].中国农业信息,2015(1):83-84.ZOU Y H,TANG Y Z,ZHANG H S,et al.Preliminary study on the modulation technology of cigar[J].China Agricultural Informatics,2015(1):83-84.
[12]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 202-2006烟草及烟草制品多酚类化合物绿原酸、莨菪亭和芸香苷的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.YC/T202-2006 Determination of polyphenolic compounds chlorogenic acid,scopoletin and rutin in tobacco and tobacco products[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2006.
[13]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 382-2010,烟草及烟草制品质体色素的测定-高效液相色谱法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.YC/T382-2010,Determination of plastid pigments in tobacco and tobacco products-High performance liquid chromatography[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2010.
[14]WAHLBERG I,ENZELL C R.Tobacco Isoprenoids[J].Natural Product Reports,1987,4(3):237-276.
[15]柴家荣,李天飞,杨宏光,等.白肋烟TN86晾制期PPO、POD活性及总酚、类黄酮含量动态研究[J].中国烟草科学,2003(1):31-33.CHAI J R,LI T F,YANG H G,et al.Development of PPO,POD activity and contains of total phenols,flavonoid of TN86 in air-curing stage[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2003(1):31-33.
[16]李力,杨涓,戴亚,等.烤烟中绿原酸、莨菪亭和芸香苷的分布研究[J].中国烟草学报,2008(4):13-17.LI L,YANG J,DAI Y,et al.Study on distribution of chlorogenic acid,scopletin,and rutin in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2008(4):13-17.
[17]杨志晓,王轶,任学良,等.烟草多酚类化合物合成与积累影响因素研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2012,41(10):1-5.YANG Z X,WANG Y,REN X L,et al.Research advance on influencing factors of synthesis and accumulation of polyphenolic compounds in tobacco[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2012,41(10):1-5.
[18]刘晓迪,景延秋,宫长荣.烘烤过程中烤烟类胡萝卜素类及多酚的变化[J].烟草科技,2013(12):41-44.LIU X D,JING Y Q,GONG C R.Dynamic variation of carotenoids and polyphenols during flue curing[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013(12):41-44.
[19]柴家荣,李天飞,杨宏光,等.晾制期间白肋烟TN90叶绿体色素降解动态及呼吸强度的变化[J].烟草科技,2004(5):32-35.CHAI J R,LI T F,YANG H G,et al.Degradation of chloroplast pigments and change of respiratory intensity in TN90 during air-curing[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2004(5):32-35.
[20]王树声.烟叶色素与化学成分及评吸结果的相关分析[J].中国烟草,1990(4):21-24.WANG S S.Correlation analysis of tobacco leaf pigment and chemical composition and evaluation results[J].Chinese Tobacco,1990(4):21-24.
[21]李艳梅,宫长荣,陈江华,等.烟叶在烘烤过程中脂氧合酶、脱落酸与色素降解的关系[J].中国烟草学报,2001(3):46-48.LI Y M,GONG C R,CHEN J H,et al.Relationship between lipoxygenase,ABA and degradation of chorophyll and carotenoid at curing in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2001(3):46-48.
[22]HAROLD W.GARDNER.Biological Roles and Biochemistry of the Lipoxygenase Pathway[J].Hort Science,1995,30(2):197-205.
[23]宫长荣,宋朝鹏,赵明月,等.抗坏血酸在白肋烟晾制过程中的变化[J].中国农业科学,2004(4):597-599.GONG C R,SONG Z P,ZHAO M Y,et al.Changes of ascorbic acid during burley tobacco air-curing[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004(4):597-599.
[24]KUMAR A,ELLIS B E.The Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Gene Family in Raspberry.Structure,Expression,and Evolution[J].Plant Physiology,2001,127(1):230-239.
[25]宋立江,狄莹,石碧.植物多酚研究与利用的意义及发展趋势[J].化学进展,2000(2):161-170.SONG L J,DI Y,SHI B.The significance and development trend in research of plant polyphenols[J].Progress in Chemistry,2000(2):161-170.
[26]戴亚,唐宏,施春华,等.烟草多酚氧化酶的分离提纯及性质研究[J].中国烟草学报,2001(4):9-14.DAI Y,TANG H,SHI C H,et al.The purifieation of polyphenol oxidase in tobacco and its properties[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2001(4):9-14.