沼液穴灌入渗特征及Philip入渗模型拟合
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摘要
为探求沼液穴灌条件下土壤入渗特征及适宜入渗模型,通过室内试验研究了沼液配比(沼液∶水,体积比,1∶4、1∶6、1∶8及纯水)、穴孔直径(3、5、7 cm)和土壤容重(1.35、1.45 g·cm~(-3))对土壤入渗特征的影响,利用数理统计方法分析影响沼液穴灌入渗的因素和湿润体变化规律,同时应用Philip入渗模型对沼液穴灌累积入渗量进行了拟合分析。结果表明:沼液穴灌累积入渗量均随沼液配比和土壤容重的增大而降低,随着穴孔直径的增加而增大,当入渗历时180 min时,土壤容重1.35 g·cm~(-3)和1.45 g·cm~(-3)的CK处理累积入渗量分别是沼液配比为1∶4、1∶6、1∶8处理的3.62、3.12、2.77倍和3.47、2.64、2.16倍;湿润体形状随穴孔直径的增加逐渐由水平轴大于垂直轴的椭球体趋向于水平轴小于垂直轴的椭球体,土壤容重1.35 g·cm~(-3)和1.45 g·cm~(-3)对应各穴孔直径(3、5、7 cm)的垂向最大湿润距离(V)与水平最大湿润距离(H)的比值(V/H)分别为0.929、1.081、1.111和0.957、1.048、1.064;幂函数能够准确描述湿润锋最大湿润距离与时间的函数关系;建立的多元线性方程能够较好描述累积入渗量与土壤容重、穴孔直径和沼液配比的关系,偏回归系数检验均达到显著或极显著水平; Philip入渗模型能够准确描述沼液穴灌累积入渗量随时间的变化规律,决定系数(R2)在0.98以上; Philip入渗模型中的土壤吸渗率(S)随穴孔直径的增大而增加,随沼液配比和土壤容重的增加而降低;土壤稳定入渗率(A)为负值与沼液的粘性及所含有的有机悬浮颗粒有关。基于以上分析,在农业生产中建议实施方案为:土壤容重1.35 g·cm~(-3)、穴孔直径5 cm、沼液配比1∶6和土壤容重1.45 g·cm~(-3)、穴孔直径7 cm、沼液配比1∶8。
Biogas slurry hole-irrigation technology is a kind of on going integration of water-biogas slurry irrigation method,to explore the soil infiltration characteristics and suitable infiltration model of the conditions of biogas slurry hole-irrigation,effects of biogas slurry ratio( the volume ratios of digestate to water were: 1 ∶ 4,1 ∶ 6 and 1∶ 8),hole diameter( 3,5 and 7 cm),and soil bulk density( 1.35,1.45 g·cm~(-3)) on the soil infiltration characteristics were analyzed through laboratory experiments,and impact factors of infiltration and wetted body under the biogas slurry hole-irrigation were analyzed with the mathematical statistics method. At the same time,using Philip infiltration model analyzed the biogas slurry hole-irrigation cumulative infiltration. The results showed that the cumulative infiltration volume increased with decreasing biogas slurry: water ratio and soil bulk density but increased with increasing the hole diameter. After the infiltration lasted for 180 min,the cumulative infiltration volume in CK treatment were 3.62,3.12,2.77 times and 3.47,2.64,2.16 times compared to the digestate treatments of 1 ∶ 4,1 ∶ 6 and 1 ∶ 8 at the soil bulk density of 1.35 g·cm~(-3) and 1.45 g·cm~(-3). The shape of the wetting body is an ellipsoid,which changes gradually with increasing the hole diameter,from greater horizontal axis to greater vertical axis. The ratios of horizontal to vertical axis( V/H) were 0.929,1.081,1.111 and 0.957,1.048,1.064 when the hole diameter were 3,5 cm and 7 cm at the soil bulk density of 1.35 g·cm~(-3) and 1.45 g·cm~(-3). The power function can be used to accurately describe the functional relationship between the maximum wetting distance and time. Meanwhile,the relationship between the cumulative infiltration volume and the soil bulk density,hole diameter,and the biogas slurry ratio can be modeled by the established multiple linear equation perfectly,and the partial regression coefficient test was at significant or very significant level. Philip infiltration model can accurately describe the relationship between the cumulative infiltration and time with a decision coefficient R above 0. 98. For the Philip infiltration model,the soil infiltration rate S increased with increasing hole diameter,however,the S decreased with increasing biogas slurry ratio and soil bulk density,the soil stable infiltration rate A with the biogas slurry viscosity and the suspended particles contained in the biogas slurry related. It is suggested that the optimal ratio of biogas liquid,hole diameter,and soil bulk density in agricultural production are 1.35 g·cm~(-3),5 cm,1 ∶ 6 and 1.45 g·cm~(-3),7 cm,1 ∶ 8,respectively.
Biogas slurry hole-irrigation technology is a kind of on going integration of water-biogas slurry irrigation method,to explore the soil infiltration characteristics and suitable infiltration model of the conditions of biogas slurry hole-irrigation,effects of biogas slurry ratio( the volume ratios of digestate to water were: 1 ∶ 4,1 ∶ 6 and 1∶ 8),hole diameter( 3,5 and 7 cm),and soil bulk density( 1.35,1.45 g·cm~(-3)) on the soil infiltration characteristics were analyzed through laboratory experiments,and impact factors of infiltration and wetted body under the biogas slurry hole-irrigation were analyzed with the mathematical statistics method. At the same time,using Philip infiltration model analyzed the biogas slurry hole-irrigation cumulative infiltration. The results showed that the cumulative infiltration volume increased with decreasing biogas slurry: water ratio and soil bulk density but increased with increasing the hole diameter. After the infiltration lasted for 180 min,the cumulative infiltration volume in CK treatment were 3.62,3.12,2.77 times and 3.47,2.64,2.16 times compared to the digestate treatments of 1 ∶ 4,1 ∶ 6 and 1 ∶ 8 at the soil bulk density of 1.35 g·cm~(-3) and 1.45 g·cm~(-3). The shape of the wetting body is an ellipsoid,which changes gradually with increasing the hole diameter,from greater horizontal axis to greater vertical axis. The ratios of horizontal to vertical axis( V/H) were 0.929,1.081,1.111 and 0.957,1.048,1.064 when the hole diameter were 3,5 cm and 7 cm at the soil bulk density of 1.35 g·cm~(-3) and 1.45 g·cm~(-3). The power function can be used to accurately describe the functional relationship between the maximum wetting distance and time. Meanwhile,the relationship between the cumulative infiltration volume and the soil bulk density,hole diameter,and the biogas slurry ratio can be modeled by the established multiple linear equation perfectly,and the partial regression coefficient test was at significant or very significant level. Philip infiltration model can accurately describe the relationship between the cumulative infiltration and time with a decision coefficient R above 0. 98. For the Philip infiltration model,the soil infiltration rate S increased with increasing hole diameter,however,the S decreased with increasing biogas slurry ratio and soil bulk density,the soil stable infiltration rate A with the biogas slurry viscosity and the suspended particles contained in the biogas slurry related. It is suggested that the optimal ratio of biogas liquid,hole diameter,and soil bulk density in agricultural production are 1.35 g·cm~(-3),5 cm,1 ∶ 6 and 1.45 g·cm~(-3),7 cm,1 ∶ 8,respectively.
引文
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[20]李康勇,牛文全,张若婵,等.施肥对浑水灌溉滴头堵塞的加速作用[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):81-90.
[21]费良军,王锦辉.泥沙粒度组成对浑水膜孔灌单向交汇入渗特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(4):105-112.
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[23] Igboekwe M U,Adindu R U. Use of Kostiakov’s Infiltration Model onMichael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike Soils,Southeast-ern,Nigeria[J]. Journal of Water Resource&Protection,2014,06(10):888-894.
[24] Reynolds B,Reddy K J. Infiltration Rates in Reclaimed Surface CoalMines[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution,2012,223(9):5941-5958.
[25] Mousavi S F,Kamyab-Talesh F,Yazdani M R,et al. Spatialvariation of infiltration rate and compactness in paddy fields[J].Paddy&Water Environment,2011,9(4):385-392.
[26]郑健,王燕,蔡焕杰,等.植物混掺土壤水分特征曲线及拟合模型分析[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(5):107-112.
[27]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分入渗能力影响模拟试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):40-45.
[28]范严伟,赵文举,王昱.入渗水头对垂直一维入渗Philip模型参数的影响[J].兰州理工大学学报,2015,41(1):65-70.
[29]雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[30]管瑶,雷廷武,刘芳芳,等.土壤点源入渗自动测量系统监测滴头下土壤湿润过程[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):1-7.
[31]王全九,来剑斌,李毅. Green-Ampt模型与Philip入渗模型的对比分析[J]农业工程学报,2002,18(2):13-16.
[32]史晓楠,王全九,巨龙.微咸水入渗条件下Philip模型与Green-Ampt模型参数的对比分析[J].土壤学报,2007,44(2):360-363.
[33] Alagna V,Bagarello V,Prima S D,et al. Testing infiltration runeffects on the estimated water transmission properties of a sandy-loamsoil[J]. Geoderma,2016,267:24-33.
[2]业部种植业管理司.农业部关于印发《到2020年化肥使用量零增长行动方案》和《到2020年农药使用量零增长行动方案》的通知[EB/OL]. http://www.moa.gov.cn/zwllm/tzgg/tz/201503/t20150318_4444765.htm,2015-03-18.
[3] Odlare M,Pell M,Svensson K. Changes in soil chemical and microbi-ological properties during 4 years of application of various organic resi-dues.[J]. Waste Management,2008,28(7):1246.
[4] Kumar A,Singhal S K,Singh V,et al. Impact of rock-phosphate en-riched pressmud and biogass slurry on yield,phosphorus nutrition andutilization by soybean(Glycine max)in a typic haplustept.[J].Legume Research,2013,1(36):79-83.
[5] Duan N,Lin C,Gao R Y,et al. Ecological and economic analysis ofplanting greenhouse cucumbers with anaerobic fermentation residues[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011,5(1):71-76.
[6] Li J S,Duan N,Guo S,et al. Renewable resource for agricultural eco-system in China:Ecological benefit for biogas by-product for planting[J]. Ecological Informatics,2012,12(11):101-110.
[7]吴树彪,崔畅,张笑千,等.农田施用沼液增产提质效应及水土环境影响[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(8):118-125.
[8]王卫平,陆新苗,魏章焕,等.施用沼液对柑桔产量和品质以及土壤环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(11):2300-2305.
[9] Abubaker J,Risberg K,Pell M. Biogas residues as fertilisers–Effects onwheat growth and soil microbial activities[J]. AppliedEnergy,2012,99(2):126-134.
[10] Lu J,Jiang L,Chen D,et al. Decontamination of anaerobically di-gested slurry in a paddy field ecosystem in Jiaxing region of China[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2012,146(1):13-22.
[11] Grigatti M,Girolamo G D,Chincarini R,et al. Potential nitrogenmineralization,plant utilization efficiency and soil CO2,emissionsfollowing the addition of anaerobic digested slurries[J]. Biomass&Bioenergy,2011,35(11):4619-4629.
[12]高红莉.施用沼肥对青菜产量品质及土壤质量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(s1):43-47.
[13] Thomas T U,Edwin S,Markus R,et al. CO2evolution and N miner-alization after biogas slurry application in the field and its yield effectson spring barley[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2009,42(3):297-302.
[14]曹云,常志州,马艳,等.沼液施用对辣椒疫病的防治效果及对土壤生物学特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(3):507-516.
[15]赵麒淋,伍钧,陈璧瑕,等.施用沼液对土壤和玉米重金属累积的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):251-255.
[16] Cmds C,Ad V,Pinto R,et al. Changes in mineral nitrogen,soil or-ganic matter fractions and microbial community level physiologicalprofiles after application of digested pig slurry and compost from mu-nicipal organic wastes to burned soils[J]. Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2011,43(4):845-852.
[17] Grigatti M,Girolamo G D,Chincarini R,et al. Potential nitrogenmineralization,plant utilization efficiency and soil CO2,emissionsfollowing the addition of anaerobic digested slurries[J]. Biomass&Bioenergy,2011,35(11):4619-4629.
[18]张凤羽.流体力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2013.
[19]王全九,王文焰,邵明安,等.浑水入渗机制及模拟模型研究[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(1):135-138.
[20]李康勇,牛文全,张若婵,等.施肥对浑水灌溉滴头堵塞的加速作用[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):81-90.
[21]费良军,王锦辉.泥沙粒度组成对浑水膜孔灌单向交汇入渗特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(4):105-112.
[22]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[23] Igboekwe M U,Adindu R U. Use of Kostiakov’s Infiltration Model onMichael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike Soils,Southeast-ern,Nigeria[J]. Journal of Water Resource&Protection,2014,06(10):888-894.
[24] Reynolds B,Reddy K J. Infiltration Rates in Reclaimed Surface CoalMines[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution,2012,223(9):5941-5958.
[25] Mousavi S F,Kamyab-Talesh F,Yazdani M R,et al. Spatialvariation of infiltration rate and compactness in paddy fields[J].Paddy&Water Environment,2011,9(4):385-392.
[26]郑健,王燕,蔡焕杰,等.植物混掺土壤水分特征曲线及拟合模型分析[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(5):107-112.
[27]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分入渗能力影响模拟试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):40-45.
[28]范严伟,赵文举,王昱.入渗水头对垂直一维入渗Philip模型参数的影响[J].兰州理工大学学报,2015,41(1):65-70.
[29]雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.
[30]管瑶,雷廷武,刘芳芳,等.土壤点源入渗自动测量系统监测滴头下土壤湿润过程[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):1-7.
[31]王全九,来剑斌,李毅. Green-Ampt模型与Philip入渗模型的对比分析[J]农业工程学报,2002,18(2):13-16.
[32]史晓楠,王全九,巨龙.微咸水入渗条件下Philip模型与Green-Ampt模型参数的对比分析[J].土壤学报,2007,44(2):360-363.
[33] Alagna V,Bagarello V,Prima S D,et al. Testing infiltration runeffects on the estimated water transmission properties of a sandy-loamsoil[J]. Geoderma,2016,267:24-33.