工频变化量距离继电器耐受过渡电阻性能分析
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摘要
对工频变化量距离继电器的判据进行详细分析,得到继电器经过渡电阻短路时各类故障的判据,单相接地短路故障和相间直接短路判据存在差异,各种类型的三相对称故障和两相接地故障动作判据与相间直接短路判据一致。并指出:单相接地故障时过渡电阻对继电器性能影响最大,相间故障次之。定义了使继电器能正确动作的最大耐受过渡电阻为临界电阻,推导出临界电阻的计算式。给出了电流分布系数、整定因子和继电器临界电阻曲线的定义,指出:系统工况变化和故障距离将导致电流分布系数变化,从而导致临界电阻变化;负荷和两端电源幅值比对整定因子产生较大影响,减小整定因子,有利于增加继电器的临界电阻和保护范围。通过Matlab仿真验证了上述分析的正确性。
The criterion of the distance relay based on the power-frequency voltage and current variation is analyzed in detail and will get the criterion of various faults when the relay passes through transition resistance. There is difference between the single-phase-to-ground fault and the phase-phase direct short-circuit fault. The criterion of three-phase symmetrical fault and phase-phase-ground fault of various types are similar as phase-phase short-circuit fault. And it points out: transition resistance has the most important influence on relay performance when the single-phase grounding fault occurred, and second to phase-to-phase short-circuit fault. The threshold resistance is defined as the maximum tolerance transition resistance which the relay could correct operated, and the calculation formula of the threshold resistance is derived. The definition of sequence-current-distribution coefficient, adjusting-factor, threshold resistance curve are given, which points out: sequence-current-distribution coefficient will be accompanied by system-operating-status changed, fault distance changed, and the threshold resistance changed. The load and amplitude-ratio of the two ends have great influence on the adjusting factor. Reducing the adjusting factor makes for increasing the threshold resistance and the protection scope of the relay. The correctness of the above analysis is verified by Matlab simulation.
The criterion of the distance relay based on the power-frequency voltage and current variation is analyzed in detail and will get the criterion of various faults when the relay passes through transition resistance. There is difference between the single-phase-to-ground fault and the phase-phase direct short-circuit fault. The criterion of three-phase symmetrical fault and phase-phase-ground fault of various types are similar as phase-phase short-circuit fault. And it points out: transition resistance has the most important influence on relay performance when the single-phase grounding fault occurred, and second to phase-to-phase short-circuit fault. The threshold resistance is defined as the maximum tolerance transition resistance which the relay could correct operated, and the calculation formula of the threshold resistance is derived. The definition of sequence-current-distribution coefficient, adjusting-factor, threshold resistance curve are given, which points out: sequence-current-distribution coefficient will be accompanied by system-operating-status changed, fault distance changed, and the threshold resistance changed. The load and amplitude-ratio of the two ends have great influence on the adjusting factor. Reducing the adjusting factor makes for increasing the threshold resistance and the protection scope of the relay. The correctness of the above analysis is verified by Matlab simulation.
引文
[1]沈国荣.工频变化量方向继电器原理的研究[J].电力系统自动化,1983,7(1):28-38.SHEN Guorong.A new directional relay on the variation of power frequency components[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1983,7(1):28-38.
[2]沈国荣.工频变化量距离继电器的研究[C]//中国电机工程学会第四次全国继电保护及安全自动装置学术会议,烟台,1986.SHEN Guorong.A new distance relay based on the variation of power frequency components[C]//Proceedings of the4th conference on relay protection of CSEE,Yantai,1986.
[3]戴学安.继电保护原理的重大突破-综论工频变化量继电器[J].电力系统自动化,1995,19(1):41-47.DAI Xuean.A brief discussion on the protection relay based on power frequency variation principle[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1995,19(1):41-47.
[4]沈国荣.超高速方向保护—JKF-1[J].电力系统自动化,1987,11(3):12-17.SHEN Guorong.Developing a new ultra-high speed directional comparison protection—JKF-1[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1987,11(3):12-17.
[5]陈曙玲,温阳东.单电源短距离输电线微机距离保护的研究[J].继电器,2003,31(2):23-26.CHEN Shuling,WEN Yangdong.Study of the microcomputer distance protection in single source and short distance transmission line[J].Relay,2003,31(2):23-26.
[6]姚旭,何方明,索南加乐,等.工频变化量距离元件一些问题的探讨[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(16):78-83.YAO Xu,HE Fangming,SUONAN Jiale,et al.Some discussion on the fault component distance protection[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(16):78-83.
[7]索南加乐,何方明,焦在滨,等.工频变化量距离元件特性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(28):59-65.SUONAN Jiale,HE Fangming,JIAO Zaibin,et al.Research on the characteristics of distance element based on the power-frequency voltage and current variation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(28):59-65.
[8]刘世明,林湘宁,杨春明.工频变化量距离继电器的统一表达方式[J].电网技术,2002,26(5):23-27.LIU Shiming,LIN Xiangning,YANG Chunming.Unified expression of fault-component distance relay[J].Power System Technology,2002,26(5):23-27.
[9]李园园,郑玉平,沈国荣.串补电容对工频变化量距离保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(24):37-40.LI Yuanyuan,ZHENG Yuping,SHEN Guorong.Influence of series capacitor on incremental power frequency distance relay[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2001,25(24):37-40.
[10]刘海洋,谈顺涛,许志鹏,等.CVT暂态特性对工频变化量距离保护的影响[J].继电器,2006,34(2):1-5.LIU Haiyang,TAN Shuntao,XU Zhipeng,et al.Influence of transient process of CVT on incremental power frequency distance relay[J].Relay,2006,34(2):1-5.
[11]徐妍,陆广香,徐晓敏,等.关于工频变化量距离保护可靠性的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(20):51-57.XU Yan,LU Guangxiang,XU Xiaomin,et al.Research on the reliability of the distance protection using power frequency variable components[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(20):51-57.
[12]周龙,齐智平.微电网保护研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(13):147-154.ZHOU Long,QI Zhiping.A review of the research on microgrid protection development[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(13):147-154.
[13]LAAKSONEN H J.Protection principles for future microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(12):2910-2918.
[14]ZHANG Baohui,HAO Zhiguo,BO Zhiqian.New development in relay protection forsmart grid[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2016,1:7pp.DOI 10.1186/s41601-016-0025-x
[15]荣雅君,王娜.基于工频变化量的序分量距离保护[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(10):98-103.RONG Yajun,WANG Na.Sequence components distance protection based on power frequency variation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(10):98-103.
[16]徐岩,刘泽锴,应璐曼.混合MIDC馈入下的工频变化量阻抗方向保护动作特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(5):14-20.XU Yan,LIU Zekai,YING Luman.Performance of impedance directional protection based on variation of power-frequency components in hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(5):14-20.
[2]沈国荣.工频变化量距离继电器的研究[C]//中国电机工程学会第四次全国继电保护及安全自动装置学术会议,烟台,1986.SHEN Guorong.A new distance relay based on the variation of power frequency components[C]//Proceedings of the4th conference on relay protection of CSEE,Yantai,1986.
[3]戴学安.继电保护原理的重大突破-综论工频变化量继电器[J].电力系统自动化,1995,19(1):41-47.DAI Xuean.A brief discussion on the protection relay based on power frequency variation principle[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1995,19(1):41-47.
[4]沈国荣.超高速方向保护—JKF-1[J].电力系统自动化,1987,11(3):12-17.SHEN Guorong.Developing a new ultra-high speed directional comparison protection—JKF-1[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1987,11(3):12-17.
[5]陈曙玲,温阳东.单电源短距离输电线微机距离保护的研究[J].继电器,2003,31(2):23-26.CHEN Shuling,WEN Yangdong.Study of the microcomputer distance protection in single source and short distance transmission line[J].Relay,2003,31(2):23-26.
[6]姚旭,何方明,索南加乐,等.工频变化量距离元件一些问题的探讨[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(16):78-83.YAO Xu,HE Fangming,SUONAN Jiale,et al.Some discussion on the fault component distance protection[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(16):78-83.
[7]索南加乐,何方明,焦在滨,等.工频变化量距离元件特性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(28):59-65.SUONAN Jiale,HE Fangming,JIAO Zaibin,et al.Research on the characteristics of distance element based on the power-frequency voltage and current variation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(28):59-65.
[8]刘世明,林湘宁,杨春明.工频变化量距离继电器的统一表达方式[J].电网技术,2002,26(5):23-27.LIU Shiming,LIN Xiangning,YANG Chunming.Unified expression of fault-component distance relay[J].Power System Technology,2002,26(5):23-27.
[9]李园园,郑玉平,沈国荣.串补电容对工频变化量距离保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(24):37-40.LI Yuanyuan,ZHENG Yuping,SHEN Guorong.Influence of series capacitor on incremental power frequency distance relay[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2001,25(24):37-40.
[10]刘海洋,谈顺涛,许志鹏,等.CVT暂态特性对工频变化量距离保护的影响[J].继电器,2006,34(2):1-5.LIU Haiyang,TAN Shuntao,XU Zhipeng,et al.Influence of transient process of CVT on incremental power frequency distance relay[J].Relay,2006,34(2):1-5.
[11]徐妍,陆广香,徐晓敏,等.关于工频变化量距离保护可靠性的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(20):51-57.XU Yan,LU Guangxiang,XU Xiaomin,et al.Research on the reliability of the distance protection using power frequency variable components[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(20):51-57.
[12]周龙,齐智平.微电网保护研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(13):147-154.ZHOU Long,QI Zhiping.A review of the research on microgrid protection development[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(13):147-154.
[13]LAAKSONEN H J.Protection principles for future microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(12):2910-2918.
[14]ZHANG Baohui,HAO Zhiguo,BO Zhiqian.New development in relay protection forsmart grid[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2016,1:7pp.DOI 10.1186/s41601-016-0025-x
[15]荣雅君,王娜.基于工频变化量的序分量距离保护[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(10):98-103.RONG Yajun,WANG Na.Sequence components distance protection based on power frequency variation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(10):98-103.
[16]徐岩,刘泽锴,应璐曼.混合MIDC馈入下的工频变化量阻抗方向保护动作特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(5):14-20.XU Yan,LIU Zekai,YING Luman.Performance of impedance directional protection based on variation of power-frequency components in hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(5):14-20.