500 kV UPFC对工频变化量方向保护的影响分析
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摘要
作为灵活交流输电系统(FACTS)的典型应用之一,统一潮流控制器(UPFC)可对线路的有功和无功潮流进行快速调节。考虑UPFC保护系统在交流线路故障后可快速将UPFC从系统中隔离,在UPFC安装处形成功率变化量源,从而对工频变化量方向保护造成影响。以国内某实际500 kV UPFC工程为依托,介绍了UPFC的工作原理及其保护系统设计,依据工频变化量方向保护的动作原理,以UPFC本侧保护为例,定量分析了正反向故障时的工频变化量阻抗特征。正方向故障时,工频变化量阻抗仍近似反映为系统阻抗与线路阻抗之和的相反数,工频变化量保护可靠动作。反方向故障时,故障后测量电压跌落至0.917 p.u.以下是工频变化量方向保护可靠不误动的充分不必要条件,而电压变化量补偿系数λ的实部小于-1是工频变化量方向保护误动的充分必要条件。进一步地,也提出了相邻线路保护的电压变化量补偿系数λ以及定量分析结果。RTDS仿真结果验证了理论分析的有效性和准确性。
As the typical representative of FACTS controllers, UPFC rapidly adjusts active and reactive power flow. Protections of UPFC would trip to isolate the UPFC from system quickly when fault occurs in the power grid. It would form power variation source located at the installation of UPFC, which has influence on impedance directional protection based on variation. In this paper, taking a domestic 500 kV UPFC project as the basis, the principle and protection system of UPFC are proposed. The principle of impedance directional protection based on variation is introduced. Quantitative analysis of the characteristics of power-frequency variation impedance calculated by the relay located at the UPFC side of line is carried out. During forward faults, power-frequency variation impedance is approximately equal to the inverse of the sum of system impedance and line impedance, directional protection could operate reliably. During reverse faults, once fault measuring voltage drops below 0.917 p.u., directional protection would not operate reliably; the real part of voltage variation compensation factor λ below-1 is the sufficient and necessary condition of protection malfunction. Furthermore, quantitative analysis results and λ of adjacent line protections are given. RTDS simulation tests verify the validity and accuracy of the theoretical analysis.
As the typical representative of FACTS controllers, UPFC rapidly adjusts active and reactive power flow. Protections of UPFC would trip to isolate the UPFC from system quickly when fault occurs in the power grid. It would form power variation source located at the installation of UPFC, which has influence on impedance directional protection based on variation. In this paper, taking a domestic 500 kV UPFC project as the basis, the principle and protection system of UPFC are proposed. The principle of impedance directional protection based on variation is introduced. Quantitative analysis of the characteristics of power-frequency variation impedance calculated by the relay located at the UPFC side of line is carried out. During forward faults, power-frequency variation impedance is approximately equal to the inverse of the sum of system impedance and line impedance, directional protection could operate reliably. During reverse faults, once fault measuring voltage drops below 0.917 p.u., directional protection would not operate reliably; the real part of voltage variation compensation factor λ below-1 is the sufficient and necessary condition of protection malfunction. Furthermore, quantitative analysis results and λ of adjacent line protections are given. RTDS simulation tests verify the validity and accuracy of the theoretical analysis.
引文
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[9]SHATERI H,JAMALI S.Distance relay over-reaching due to UPFC presence on second circuit of a double circuit line[C]//4th IET International Conference on Power Electronics,Machines and Drives,April 2-4,2008,York,United Kingdom:783-788.
[10]ZHOU X,WANG H,AGGARWAL R K,et al.Performance evaluation of a distance relay as applied to a transmission system with UPFC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(3):1137-1147.
[11]MORAVEJ Z,PAZOKI M,KHEDERZADEH M.Impact of UPFC on power swing characteristic and distance relay behavior[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(1):261-268.
[12]孔祥平,李鹏.统一潮流控制器对线路纵联保护的影响分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(2):14-21.KONG Xiangping,LI Peng.Impact analysis of unified power flow controller on transmission line pilot protection[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(2):14-21.
[13]庄良文,张彦兵,荆雪记,等.基于RTDS仿真的MMC_UPFC串联侧间接电流控制研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(16):56-62.ZHUANG Liangwen,ZHANG Yanbing,JING Xueji,et al.Simulation research of MMC_UPFC indirect current control strategy based on RTDS[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(16):56-62.
[14]刘黎明,康勇,陈坚,等.UPFC的交叉耦合控制及潮流调节能力分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(10):42-48.LIU Liming,KANG Yong,CHEN Jian,et al.Crosscoupling control scheme and performance analysis for power flow control of UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(10):42-48.
[15]祝高乐,刘青.含STATCOM输电线路的故障选相方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(12):3535-3540.ZHU Gaole,LIU Qing.Faulty phase selection of transmission line with STATCOM[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(12):3535-3540.
[16]刘青,常彦彦.SSSC串补线路双端暂态保护的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(2):82-87.LIU Qing,CHANG Yanyan.Research on two-end transient protection principle for series compensated transmission lines with SSSC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(2):82-87.
[17]刘黎明,康勇,陈坚,等.SSSC建模、控制策略及性能[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(9):37-43.LIU Liming,KANG Yong,CHEN Jian,et al.Static synchronous series compensator modelling,control scheme and performance[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2006,21(9):37-43.
[18]顾伟,黄河,蒋平.用于三相电力系统潮流计算的UPFC稳态模型[J].高电压技术,2005,31(3):71-73.GU Wei,HUANG He,JIANG Ping.Research on the model of UPFC for three phase power flow calculation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2005,31(3):71-73.
[19]尹璐,舒彬,张璞.统一潮流控制器在电力系统中的PSD-BPA和MATLAB联合建模与仿真方法[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):383-388.YIN Lu,SHU Bin,ZHANG Pu.A PSD-BPA and MATLAB joint modelling and simulation method with UPFC for power system flow calculation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):383-388.
[20]徐岩,刘泽锴,应璐曼.混合MIDC馈入下的工频变化量阻抗方向保护动作特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(5):14-20.XU Yan,LIU Zekai,YING Luman.Performance of impedance directional protection based on variation of power-frequency components in hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,44(5):14-20.
[21]吴千,王星洁,夏传帮,等.系统合环中工频变化量方向保护误动分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2008,36(18):113-116.WU Qian,WANG Xingjie,XIA Chuanbang,et al.Analysis about a misoperation of directional protection for power-frequency variable in connection of power system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2008,36(18):113-116.
[22]黄涛,陆于平,蔡超.DFIG等效序突变量阻抗相角特征对故障分量方向元件的影响分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3929-3939.HUANG Tao,LU Yuping,CAI Chao.Analysis of phase angle characteristics of DFIG equivalent sequence superimposed impedances and its impact on fault components based direction relay[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3929-3939.
[2]GIBBARD M J,VOWLES D J,POURBEIK P.Interactions between,and effectiveness of,power system stabilizers and FACTS device stabilizers in multimachine systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2000,15(2):748-755.
[3]高磊,刘玉田,汤涌,等.基于多FACTS的网侧协调阻尼控制机理研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(28):4913-4922.GAO Lei,LIU Yutian,TANG Yong,et al.Research on coordinated control and interaction mechanism among multiple FACTS damping controllers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(28):4913-4922.
[4]刘青,马朋,邹家平.UPFC无功潮流控制引起负交互影响的解决方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(6):76-81.LIU Qing,MA Peng,ZOU Jiaping.Solution to negative interaction caused by reactive power flow controlling of UPFC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(6):76-81.
[5]章勇高,康勇,刘黎明,等.统一潮流控制器并联变换器的改进型双环控制系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(4):40-46.ZHANG Yonggao,KANG Yong,LIU Liming,et al.Improved double close-loop control system for shunt inverter of UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(4):40-46.
[6]陈超英,陈涌,陈礼仪,等.统一潮流控制器对继电保护运行影响的仿真研究[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(7):14-17.CHEN Chaoying,CHEN Yong,CHEN Liyi,et al.Digital simulation of unified power flow controller regarding its effect on protective relaying operation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1998,22(7):14-17.
[7]DASH P K,PRADHAN A K,PANDA G,et al.Adaptive relay setting for flexible AC transmission systems(FACTS)[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2000,15(1):8-43.
[8]DASH P K,PRADHAN A K,PANDA G,et al.Digital protection of power transmission lines in the presence of series connected FACTS devices[C]//Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,January 23-27,2000,Singapore,Singapore:1967-1972.
[9]SHATERI H,JAMALI S.Distance relay over-reaching due to UPFC presence on second circuit of a double circuit line[C]//4th IET International Conference on Power Electronics,Machines and Drives,April 2-4,2008,York,United Kingdom:783-788.
[10]ZHOU X,WANG H,AGGARWAL R K,et al.Performance evaluation of a distance relay as applied to a transmission system with UPFC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(3):1137-1147.
[11]MORAVEJ Z,PAZOKI M,KHEDERZADEH M.Impact of UPFC on power swing characteristic and distance relay behavior[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(1):261-268.
[12]孔祥平,李鹏.统一潮流控制器对线路纵联保护的影响分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(2):14-21.KONG Xiangping,LI Peng.Impact analysis of unified power flow controller on transmission line pilot protection[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(2):14-21.
[13]庄良文,张彦兵,荆雪记,等.基于RTDS仿真的MMC_UPFC串联侧间接电流控制研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(16):56-62.ZHUANG Liangwen,ZHANG Yanbing,JING Xueji,et al.Simulation research of MMC_UPFC indirect current control strategy based on RTDS[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(16):56-62.
[14]刘黎明,康勇,陈坚,等.UPFC的交叉耦合控制及潮流调节能力分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(10):42-48.LIU Liming,KANG Yong,CHEN Jian,et al.Crosscoupling control scheme and performance analysis for power flow control of UPFC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(10):42-48.
[15]祝高乐,刘青.含STATCOM输电线路的故障选相方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(12):3535-3540.ZHU Gaole,LIU Qing.Faulty phase selection of transmission line with STATCOM[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(12):3535-3540.
[16]刘青,常彦彦.SSSC串补线路双端暂态保护的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(2):82-87.LIU Qing,CHANG Yanyan.Research on two-end transient protection principle for series compensated transmission lines with SSSC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(2):82-87.
[17]刘黎明,康勇,陈坚,等.SSSC建模、控制策略及性能[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(9):37-43.LIU Liming,KANG Yong,CHEN Jian,et al.Static synchronous series compensator modelling,control scheme and performance[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2006,21(9):37-43.
[18]顾伟,黄河,蒋平.用于三相电力系统潮流计算的UPFC稳态模型[J].高电压技术,2005,31(3):71-73.GU Wei,HUANG He,JIANG Ping.Research on the model of UPFC for three phase power flow calculation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2005,31(3):71-73.
[19]尹璐,舒彬,张璞.统一潮流控制器在电力系统中的PSD-BPA和MATLAB联合建模与仿真方法[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(1):383-388.YIN Lu,SHU Bin,ZHANG Pu.A PSD-BPA and MATLAB joint modelling and simulation method with UPFC for power system flow calculation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(1):383-388.
[20]徐岩,刘泽锴,应璐曼.混合MIDC馈入下的工频变化量阻抗方向保护动作特性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(5):14-20.XU Yan,LIU Zekai,YING Luman.Performance of impedance directional protection based on variation of power-frequency components in hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,44(5):14-20.
[21]吴千,王星洁,夏传帮,等.系统合环中工频变化量方向保护误动分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2008,36(18):113-116.WU Qian,WANG Xingjie,XIA Chuanbang,et al.Analysis about a misoperation of directional protection for power-frequency variable in connection of power system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2008,36(18):113-116.
[22]黄涛,陆于平,蔡超.DFIG等效序突变量阻抗相角特征对故障分量方向元件的影响分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3929-3939.HUANG Tao,LU Yuping,CAI Chao.Analysis of phase angle characteristics of DFIG equivalent sequence superimposed impedances and its impact on fault components based direction relay[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3929-3939.