干旱区水面覆盖苯板的防蒸发效果及对水体的影响
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摘要
为探明覆盖遮挡物对水体的影响,以改进后的多个20m2蒸发池作为研究对象,开展试验研究和理论分析,研究苯板的防蒸发效果和对水体的影响。研究表明:蒸发消减率随苯板覆盖率增加而增大,蒸发越强烈的月份(6-8月)蒸发消减率越高,其中8月的蒸发消减率为:26. 07~99. 83%;水体月蒸发量变化规律类似于"开口向下的抛物线",7月出现极大值210. 91(无覆盖);水面100%覆盖苯板时,水体矿化度和浊度相比无覆盖时明显降低,分别降低25. 99%和69. 17%。
In order to find out influence of floating shelters on water body,the improved 20 m2 evaporation pools were applied to study the evaporation prevention effect of polystyrene and its influence on water body by experimental study and theory analysis.Research suggested that evaporation subtractive rate increased with the increase of the coverage rate of polystyrene board,the stronger evaporation was in June to August,the higher evaporation reduction rate was in August,the evaporation reduction rate was 26.07% ~ 99.83%.The variation of water surface monthly evaporation was similar to a downward opening parabola,the maximum value of July was 210.91( without covering).When water was covered 100% by polystyrene board,the salinity and turbidity of water body were significantly reduced 25.99 % t and 69.17%,respectively.
In order to find out influence of floating shelters on water body,the improved 20 m2 evaporation pools were applied to study the evaporation prevention effect of polystyrene and its influence on water body by experimental study and theory analysis.Research suggested that evaporation subtractive rate increased with the increase of the coverage rate of polystyrene board,the stronger evaporation was in June to August,the higher evaporation reduction rate was in August,the evaporation reduction rate was 26.07% ~ 99.83%.The variation of water surface monthly evaporation was similar to a downward opening parabola,the maximum value of July was 210.91( without covering).When water was covered 100% by polystyrene board,the salinity and turbidity of water body were significantly reduced 25.99 % t and 69.17%,respectively.
引文
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[16]Cooley K R. Energy Relationships in the design of floating covers for evaporation reduction[J]. Water Resources Research,1970,6(3):717–727.
[17]Lawrimore J H,Peterson T C. Pan evaporation in dry and humid regions of the United States[J]. Hydrometeor,2000(1):543-546.
[2]邓铭江,石泉.内陆干旱区水资源管理调控模式[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(9):1046-1054.
[3]毛海涛,侍克斌,马铁成,等.新疆平原水库透水地基渗流防治的重要性和有效措施[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2008,6(4):6-9.
[4]张玉进,刘玉甫,吴健军,等.新疆水资源分布及绿洲水资源开发利用探讨[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(3):157-159.
[5]张国威,周聿超.新疆内陆干旱区蒸发的计算和分析[J].水科学进展,1992,3(3):226-232.
[6]Qin Boqiang,Shi Yafeng,Wang Suming. The relationship between inland lakes evolution and climatic fluctuation in arid zone[J]. Chinese Geographical Science,1991,1(4):26-33.
[7]赵晓松,李梅,王仕刚,等.鄱阳湖夏季水面蒸发与蒸发皿蒸发的比较[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(2):343-351.
[8]严新军,侍克斌,诸葛伍荪.干旱区平原水库防蒸发节水试验初探[J].新疆农业科学,2004,41(4):228-232.
[9]武金慧.旱区水库抑制水面蒸发试验研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2008.
[10]Benzaghta M A,Mohammed T A,Ghazali A H,et al. Testing of evaporation reduction methods in humid climates[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Water Management,2013,166(4):207-216.
[11]Jiang H,Tang K,He X. Experimental studies on reduction of evaporation from plain reservoirs in drought areas by benzene board covering technology[J]. Journal of Coastal Research,2015,73(Suppl. 1):177-182.
[12]Craig I,Green A,Scobie M,et al. Controlling evaporation loss from water storage[R]. Toowoomba:National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture:USQ,,2005.
[13]Alhassoun S A,Mohammed T A,Nurdin J. Evaporation reduction from impounding reservoirs in arid areas using palm leaves.[J]. JEASJournal of Engineering&Applied Sciences,2009(4):247-250.
[14]SantaféM R,Soler J B T,Romero F J S,et al. Theoretical and experimental analysis of a floating photovoltaic cover for water irrigation reservoirs[J]. Energy,2014,67(4):246-255.
[15]Assouline S,Narkis K,Or D. Evaporation from partially covered water surfaces[J]. Water Resources Research,2010,46(10):2290-2296.
[16]Cooley K R. Energy Relationships in the design of floating covers for evaporation reduction[J]. Water Resources Research,1970,6(3):717–727.
[17]Lawrimore J H,Peterson T C. Pan evaporation in dry and humid regions of the United States[J]. Hydrometeor,2000(1):543-546.