分时通勤缓解高峰拥堵的作用机理及效用
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摘要
通勤者的出行意愿和路网的交通状态直接影响了交通需求管理措施的实施效果.在对比分析错时上班制和弹性工作时间制优缺点的基础上,提出了根据通勤个体上班时间意愿,统筹制定分时段上班制度的"分时通勤"新措施,进而提出了"三阶段两步骤"的分时通勤政策制定方法.通过收集上海市异质的通勤者意愿上班时段及出行信息,分析了通勤者对分时通勤政策的接受程度,利用两步骤的调节方法对不同企业性质的通勤者上班时段分布进行了优化,验证了分时通勤政策的可行性和有效性.
Commuters' travel preferences and road network traffic states synthetically have direct impact on the efficiency of travel demand management measures. On the basis and analysis of the deficiencies and merits of staggered work hours and flexible work arrangement, a new demand management named time segmenting commuting was proposed which includes three periods and two adjustments. The new management allows traffic managers arrange work start time distribution for all companies with the consideration of commuter's preferred work start time. With collected preferred work start time and commute information of representative commuters in Shanghai, the acceptability of time segmenting commuting has been investigated. Then the work start time distribution was adjusted and analyzed according to the proposed adjustment which improved its efficiency and feasibility.
Commuters' travel preferences and road network traffic states synthetically have direct impact on the efficiency of travel demand management measures. On the basis and analysis of the deficiencies and merits of staggered work hours and flexible work arrangement, a new demand management named time segmenting commuting was proposed which includes three periods and two adjustments. The new management allows traffic managers arrange work start time distribution for all companies with the consideration of commuter's preferred work start time. With collected preferred work start time and commute information of representative commuters in Shanghai, the acceptability of time segmenting commuting has been investigated. Then the work start time distribution was adjusted and analyzed according to the proposed adjustment which improved its efficiency and feasibility.
引文
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[12] 刘天顺, 谷江河, 徐瑞华. 国内外错时上下班经验之所鉴[J]. 交通与运输:学术版, 2005(2):29. LIU Tianshun, GU Jianghe, XU Ruihua. Domestic and overseas experiences about alternative work schedues[J]. Traffic & Transportation, 2005(2):29.
[13] 杨晓光, 褚浩然. 错峰出行对城市交通的影响分析[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,34(7):899. YANG Xiaoguang, CHU Haoran. Study on macro-travel impact analysis of staggered shifts[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2006,34(7):899.
[14] FANG Zong, ZHICAI Juan, HONGFEI Jia. Examination of staggered shifts impacts on travel behavior: A case study of Beijing, China[J]. Transport, 2013,28(2):175.
[2] HE S Y. Does flexitime affect choice of departure time for morning home-based commuting trips? Evidence from two regions in California[J]. Transport Policy, 2013,25(1):210.
[3] HENDRICKSON C, PLANK E. The flexibility of departure times for work trips[J]. Transportation Research Part A: General, 1984,18(1):25.
[4] SUCHAROV L J, BREBBIA C A, BENITEZ F, et al. Impact of telework and flexitime on reducing future urban travel demand: the case of Montreal and Quebec (Canada)1996—2016[J]. Urban Transport Ⅷ Urban Transport & the Environment in Century, 2002:279.
[5] SHIRMOHAMMADI N, YIN Y. Tradable credit scheme to control bottleneck queue length[J]. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2016,2561:53.
[6] FERGUSON E. The influence of employer ridesharing programs on employee mode choice[J]. Transportation, 1990,17(2):179.
[7] COHEN L B. Work staggering for traffic relief: Analysis of Manhattan’s central business district[M]. New York: Frederick A Praeger, 1968.
[8] D’ESTE G. The effect of staggered working hours on commuter trip durations[J]. Transportation Research Part A General, 1985,19(2):109.
[9] MOSS R L, CURTIS T D. The economics of flextime[J]. Journal of Behavioral Economics, 1985,14(2):95.
[10] 谢留宏, 路峰, 张俊辉,等. 北京实行错峰上下班解决交通拥堵问题的分析探讨[J]. 交通运输研究, 2011(Z1):53. XIE Liuhong, LU Feng, ZHANG Junhui, et al. Analysis and investigation on implementation of peak shifting to slove traffic congestion problem in Beijing[J]. Strategy & Planning of Transport Development, 2011(Z1):53.
[11] 杜华兵, 陈金川, 郭继孚. 北京市实施错时上下班的可行性分析[J]. 城市交通, 2004,2(4):64. DU Huabing, CHEN Jinchuan, GUO Jifu. Feasibility analysis on implementing different working hour of Beijing[J]. Urban Transport of China, 2004,2(4):64.
[12] 刘天顺, 谷江河, 徐瑞华. 国内外错时上下班经验之所鉴[J]. 交通与运输:学术版, 2005(2):29. LIU Tianshun, GU Jianghe, XU Ruihua. Domestic and overseas experiences about alternative work schedues[J]. Traffic & Transportation, 2005(2):29.
[13] 杨晓光, 褚浩然. 错峰出行对城市交通的影响分析[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,34(7):899. YANG Xiaoguang, CHU Haoran. Study on macro-travel impact analysis of staggered shifts[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2006,34(7):899.
[14] FANG Zong, ZHICAI Juan, HONGFEI Jia. Examination of staggered shifts impacts on travel behavior: A case study of Beijing, China[J]. Transport, 2013,28(2):175.