车前子及其混淆品的微观特征荧光鉴别研究
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摘要
目的:建立车前子及其混淆品的微观特征荧光鉴别方法,为中药饮片的市场监管及检验提供技术支持。方法:应用荧光体式显微镜分别在可见光和紫外光下观察,从整体表面特征、种脐特征和切面特征3个方面对车前子[车前(Platago asiatica L.)、平车前(Platago depressa Willd.)的种子]及其混淆品大车前(Platago major L.)的种子、荆芥(Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.)的果实、党参[Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.]的种子、地肤[Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad.]的种子(去皮)、北柴胡(Bupleurum chinense DC.)的果实进行比较研究和鉴别。结果:在可见光下观察,正品车前子表面纹理为波状条纹或细皱纹,混淆品分别为波状条纹、纵棱或纹理不明显;正品车前子种脐位于腹面中央,混淆品除大车前子外其余位于一端;正品车前子切面可见明显的胚直生其中,混淆品除大车前子外其余胚细小或呈环形。在紫外光下观察,正品车前子表面波状条纹明显,呈橙色与浅蓝绿色相间的荧光,平车前表面为网格状皱纹,呈灰蓝色与灰棕色相间的荧光;正品车前子种脐荧光强烈,混淆品中除荆芥果外其余荧光微弱;正品车前子与混淆品切面在荧光颜色、胚大小及分布位置上均有明显差异。结论:荧光体式显微技术可有效、准确地鉴别车前子药材的真伪。
OBJECTIVE:To establish a fluorescence identification method of the microscopic characteristics for Plantagin Semen and its adulterants,and to provide technical support for the market supervision and inspection of TCM decoction pieces.METHODS:Under visible and ultraviolet light,comparative study and identification of the Plantagin Semen(seeds of Platago asiatica L. and Platago depressa Willd.)and its adulterants as seeds of Platago major L.,fruits of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.,seeds of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf,seeds(peeled)of Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad.,fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.were carried out by means of stereoscopic fluorescence microscopy from aspects of overall surface characteristics,umbilicus characteristics and section characteristics. RESULTS:Under visible light,the surface texture of Plantagin Semen was wavy stripe or fine wrinkle,while the adulterants were wavy stripe,longitudinal edge or texture was not obvious. The umbilicus of Plantagin Semen was located in the center of the ventral surface,while that of adulterants were located at one end except for P. major. In the section of Plantagin Semen,there were obvious direct embryos,in which the adulterants were small or circular embryos except for P. major. Under ultraviolet light,P. asiatica had obvious wavy stripes in surface,orange and light blue-green fluorescence;P.depressa had grid-shaped wrinkles and gray-blue and gray-brown fluorescence;the umbilical fluorescence of Plantagin Semen was strong,and the fluorescence of the adulterants was weak except for S. tenuifolia. There were obvious differences in fluorescence color,embryo size and distribution between the section of Plantagin Semen and adulterants. CONCLUSIONS:The stereoscopic fluorescence microscopy is effect and accurate for the identification of Plantagin Semen.
OBJECTIVE:To establish a fluorescence identification method of the microscopic characteristics for Plantagin Semen and its adulterants,and to provide technical support for the market supervision and inspection of TCM decoction pieces.METHODS:Under visible and ultraviolet light,comparative study and identification of the Plantagin Semen(seeds of Platago asiatica L. and Platago depressa Willd.)and its adulterants as seeds of Platago major L.,fruits of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.,seeds of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf,seeds(peeled)of Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad.,fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.were carried out by means of stereoscopic fluorescence microscopy from aspects of overall surface characteristics,umbilicus characteristics and section characteristics. RESULTS:Under visible light,the surface texture of Plantagin Semen was wavy stripe or fine wrinkle,while the adulterants were wavy stripe,longitudinal edge or texture was not obvious. The umbilicus of Plantagin Semen was located in the center of the ventral surface,while that of adulterants were located at one end except for P. major. In the section of Plantagin Semen,there were obvious direct embryos,in which the adulterants were small or circular embryos except for P. major. Under ultraviolet light,P. asiatica had obvious wavy stripes in surface,orange and light blue-green fluorescence;P.depressa had grid-shaped wrinkles and gray-blue and gray-brown fluorescence;the umbilical fluorescence of Plantagin Semen was strong,and the fluorescence of the adulterants was weak except for S. tenuifolia. There were obvious differences in fluorescence color,embryo size and distribution between the section of Plantagin Semen and adulterants. CONCLUSIONS:The stereoscopic fluorescence microscopy is effect and accurate for the identification of Plantagin Semen.
引文
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[2]谢明,杨爽爽,王亮亮.中药车前子的研究进展[J].黑龙江医药,2015,28(3):474-476.
[3]郑太坤,田中俊弘,康廷国.中国车前研究[M].沈阳:辽宁科学出版社,1993:140.
[4]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:一部[S].2015年版.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:68-69.
[5]蔡少青,王璇.常用中药材品种整理和质量研究(北方编):第6册[M].北京:北京医科大学出版社,2003:307.
[6]李冲冲,龚苏晓,许浚,等.车前子化学成分与药理作用研究进展及质量标志物预测分析[J].中草药,2018,49(6):1233-1246.
[7]郭丹,陈娜娜.高效毛细管电泳结合PCR法鉴别南葶苈子与车前子[J].中国药房,2010,21(3):232-233.
[8]李映平,贺清源,文芳,等.平车前子及其伪品的比较鉴别[J].湖南中医学院学报,2001,21(2):28-29.
[9]倪福禄,赵艳,霍旺.车前子人工掺伪品的鉴别[J].长春中医药大学学报,2008,24(6):667-668.
[10]塔娜,菅艳艳,马亚琴.车前子及其4种混淆品的鉴别[J].包头医学,2000,24(2):31.
[11]马逾英,卢晓琳,翟萌.几种中药材及其混伪品的微性状对比鉴别[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(8):1161-1164.
[12]梁瑞红,秦淑英.车前子真伪鉴别[J].实用中医药杂志,2011,27(8):563-564.
[13]陈瑛,孙昌高,巫金华,等.植物药种子手册[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1989:388,434.
[14]中国科学院中国植物志编委会.中国植物志:第70卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:324,332.