高压开关柜复合毛细增容热管蒸发器性能与结构优化
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摘要
为了满足负荷高峰期的需要,将10kV高压开关柜电流极限值从3 kA提高至4 kA,需增容33.3%。首先,根据热管工作原理与理论技术、工作液属性,结合开关柜内部结构与发热功率,计算了热管正常工作的各项极限数值,设计了高压开关柜动静触头4种增容热管结构;其次,设计了10kV高压开关柜动静触头增容热管温升试验平台,研究了热管绝热段、蒸发段形状、开关柜不同部位的通风面积对开关柜动静触头热管冷却效果的影响。研究结果表明,绝热段为L型的热管冷却效果优于绝热段弯曲型的热管;蒸发段为抱箍型的热管冷却效果优于蒸发段为平板型的热管;开关柜断路器室、母线室、电缆室、前后下门的最优有效通风面积分别为0.3、0.12、0.13、0.07 m2。
In order to meet the requirements of peak load, the current limit of 10kV high voltage switchgear can be increased from 3 kA to 4 k A, thus the capacity should be increased by 33.3%. Firstly, according to the principle and the theoretical technology of heat pipe, combined with the internal structure,the properties of working fluid and the heating power of the switchgear, the limit values of normal operating parameters of heat pipe were calculated, and four kinds of heat pipe cooling structures designed for the switchgear static and dynamic contacts were presented. Secondly, a temperature rise test platform for the switchgear, which were installed with cooling heat pipe device, was designed. The influences of heat pipe insulation section and evaporation section shape on temperature rise of switchgear dynamic and static contacts were studied, respectively. The results show that the cooling effect of the heat pipe including linear insulation section is superior to that of the heat pipe including bending type insulation section. The cooling effect of the heat pipe including hoop type evaporating section is superior to that of the heat pipe including flat type evaporating section. Finally, based on the tests, the optimal effective ventilation areas of the circuit breaker room, bus room, cable room, front, and rear doors were 0.3m2, 0.12 m2, 0.13 m2, and 0.07 m2, respectively.
In order to meet the requirements of peak load, the current limit of 10kV high voltage switchgear can be increased from 3 kA to 4 k A, thus the capacity should be increased by 33.3%. Firstly, according to the principle and the theoretical technology of heat pipe, combined with the internal structure,the properties of working fluid and the heating power of the switchgear, the limit values of normal operating parameters of heat pipe were calculated, and four kinds of heat pipe cooling structures designed for the switchgear static and dynamic contacts were presented. Secondly, a temperature rise test platform for the switchgear, which were installed with cooling heat pipe device, was designed. The influences of heat pipe insulation section and evaporation section shape on temperature rise of switchgear dynamic and static contacts were studied, respectively. The results show that the cooling effect of the heat pipe including linear insulation section is superior to that of the heat pipe including bending type insulation section. The cooling effect of the heat pipe including hoop type evaporating section is superior to that of the heat pipe including flat type evaporating section. Finally, based on the tests, the optimal effective ventilation areas of the circuit breaker room, bus room, cable room, front, and rear doors were 0.3m2, 0.12 m2, 0.13 m2, and 0.07 m2, respectively.
引文
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[16]寇志海,白敏丽,杨洪武,等.一种微槽群平板热管传热性能的数值试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(35):92-100.KOU Zhihai,BAI Minli,YANG Hongwu,et al.Numerical and experimental investigation on flat pipes with integral micro-grooved wicks[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(35):92-100.
[17]纪献兵,徐进良,薛强.超轻多孔泡沫金属平板热管的传热性能研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(2):72-78.JI Xianbing,XU Jinliang,XUE Qiang.Investigation on heat transfer performance of flat heat pipes with ultra-light porous metal foam wicks[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(2):72-78.
[18]HOPHINS R,FAGHRI A,KHRUSTALEV D.Flat miniature heat pipe with micro capillary grooves[J].Transactions of the Asme Serie CJournal of Heat,1999(121):102-109.
[19]于涛.重力热管的制造及传热性能测试[D].济南:山东大学,2008.YU Tao.Production process and performance testing of themosyphon[D].Jinan,China:Shandong University,2008.
[20]LEFEVRE F,LALLEMAND M.Coupled thermal and hydrodynamic models of flat micro heat pipes for the cooling of multiple electronic components[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2006(49):1375-1388.
[21]CHI S W.Heat pipe theory and practice[M].New York,USA:Mc Graw-Hill,1976:24-25.
[22]TANG Y,ZHOU R,LU L,et al.Anti-gravity loop-shaped heat pipe with graded pore-size wick[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2012,36:78-86.
[23]CAY H,XU H,LI Q.Mechanical behavior of porous magnesium alumina composites with high strength and low density[J].Materials Science&Engineering,2013,574:137-142.
[24]LAUSIC A T,BOUWHUIS B A,MCCREA J L,et al.Mechanical anisotropy in electrodeposited nano crystalline metal composite foams[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,552:157-163.
[25]WANG L J,ZHENG W S,WANG L H,et al.Electromagnetic-thermal-flow field coupling simulation of 12kV medium voltage switchgear[J].IEEE Transactions on Components,Packaging and Manufacturing Technology,2016,6(8):1208-1220.
[2]徐晓刚,张晓星,李鑫,等.内置于高压开关柜的雪花型微带天线设计[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3027-3213.XU Xiaogang,ZHANG Xiaoxing,LI Xin,et al.Design of built-in snowflake micro-strip antenna built in high-voltage switchgear[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3027-3213.
[3]蓝磊,陈功,文习山,等.基于动态电阻测量的SF6断路器触头烧蚀特性[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1731-1738.LAN Lei,CHEN Gong,WEN Xishan,et al.Erosion characteristics of SF6 circuit breaker contacts based on dynamic contact resistance measurement[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1731-1738.
[4]汪倩,朱凯,郭泽,等.多次落雷条件下机构回弹对高压SF6断路器开断特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(5):1565-1570.WANG Qian,ZHU Kai,GUO Ze,et al.Influence of contact bound on interruption characteristics of SF6 circuit breaker under multiple lightning[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(5):1565-1570.
[5]傅中,陈维江,李志兵,等.SF6断路器动态接触电阻测量方法及影响因素[J].高电压技术,2017,43(5):1535-1542.FU Zhong,CHEN Weijiang,LI Zhibing,et al.Measurement method and influencing factors of the dynamic contact resistance of SF6 circuit breakers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(5):1535-1542.
[6]段建东,叶兵,张青山,等.基于翅片散热和ZigBee的开关柜触头温度测控系统[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(7):157-162.DUAN Jiandong,YE Bing,ZHANG Qingshan,et al.Online contact temperature monitoring and control system based on finned radiator and ZigBee for switch cabinet[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(7):157-162.
[7]WANG Y X,PETERSON G.Analysis of wire-bonded micro heat pipe arrays[J].Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer,2002,16(3):346-355.
[8]SHIH C J,LIU G C.Optimal design methodology of plate-fin heat sinks for electronic cooling using entropy generation strategy[J].IEEETransactions on Components and Packaging Technologies,2004,27(3):551-559.
[9]TANG Y,ZHOU R,LU L,et al.Anti-gravity loop-shaped heat pipe with graded pore-size wick[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2012,36:78-86.
[10]LIN F C,LIU B H,HUANG C T,et al.Evaporative heat transfer model of a loop heat pipe with bidisperse wick structure[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2011,54(21/22):4621-4629.
[11]LEFEVRE F,LALLEMAND M.Coupled thermal and hydrodynamic models of flat micro heat pipes for the cooling of multiple electronic components[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2006(49):1375-1388.
[12]莫冬传,吕树申,金积德.高热流密度均温板的传热特性实验研究[J].工程热物理学报,2008,29(2):317-319.MO Dongchuan,LüShushen,JIN Jide.Experimental study of heat transfer characteristics of high heat flux vapor chamber[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2008,29(2):317-319.
[13]SHU J S.Analysis of thermal performance in a micro-flat heat pipe with axially trapezoidal groove[J].Journal of Science and Engineering,2003,6(4):201-206.
[14]GO J S.Quantitative thermal performance evaluation of a cost-effective vapor chamber heat sink containing a metal-etched micro-wick structure for advanced microprocessor cooling[J].Sensors and Actuators a-Physical,2005,121(2):549-556.
[15]吴双应,张巧玲,肖兰,等.采用热管冷却技术的太阳能光伏-热一体化系统性能分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,32(31):137-144.WU Shuangying,ZHANG Qiaoling,XIAO Lan,et al.Analysis on performance of solar photovoltaic-thermal hybrid system with heat pipe cooling[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,32(31):137-144.
[16]寇志海,白敏丽,杨洪武,等.一种微槽群平板热管传热性能的数值试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(35):92-100.KOU Zhihai,BAI Minli,YANG Hongwu,et al.Numerical and experimental investigation on flat pipes with integral micro-grooved wicks[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(35):92-100.
[17]纪献兵,徐进良,薛强.超轻多孔泡沫金属平板热管的传热性能研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(2):72-78.JI Xianbing,XU Jinliang,XUE Qiang.Investigation on heat transfer performance of flat heat pipes with ultra-light porous metal foam wicks[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(2):72-78.
[18]HOPHINS R,FAGHRI A,KHRUSTALEV D.Flat miniature heat pipe with micro capillary grooves[J].Transactions of the Asme Serie CJournal of Heat,1999(121):102-109.
[19]于涛.重力热管的制造及传热性能测试[D].济南:山东大学,2008.YU Tao.Production process and performance testing of themosyphon[D].Jinan,China:Shandong University,2008.
[20]LEFEVRE F,LALLEMAND M.Coupled thermal and hydrodynamic models of flat micro heat pipes for the cooling of multiple electronic components[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2006(49):1375-1388.
[21]CHI S W.Heat pipe theory and practice[M].New York,USA:Mc Graw-Hill,1976:24-25.
[22]TANG Y,ZHOU R,LU L,et al.Anti-gravity loop-shaped heat pipe with graded pore-size wick[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2012,36:78-86.
[23]CAY H,XU H,LI Q.Mechanical behavior of porous magnesium alumina composites with high strength and low density[J].Materials Science&Engineering,2013,574:137-142.
[24]LAUSIC A T,BOUWHUIS B A,MCCREA J L,et al.Mechanical anisotropy in electrodeposited nano crystalline metal composite foams[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,552:157-163.
[25]WANG L J,ZHENG W S,WANG L H,et al.Electromagnetic-thermal-flow field coupling simulation of 12kV medium voltage switchgear[J].IEEE Transactions on Components,Packaging and Manufacturing Technology,2016,6(8):1208-1220.