低气压下开关柜空气间隙雷电冲击放电特性
|
摘要
以空气为绝缘介质的开关柜,其电气安全距离受海拔、电极形状等影响明显,但低气压下开关柜空气间隙的选择目前尚无相关标准可供参考。为此以40.5 kV开关柜内存在的4种空气间隙和典型棒–板间隙为研究对象,在人工气候实验室展开了低气压下空气间隙正极性雷电冲击放电特性试验,并分析了电极形状、气压p、相对湿度h、间隙距离对其放电特性的影响。结果表明:开关柜空气间隙放电特性与棒–板差别较大,不同间隙类型放电特性差异明显;低气压下空气间隙雷电冲击电压U50与零海拔、标准大气压p0下冲击电压U50,0满足U50=U50,0(p/p0+ch)n关系,其气压影响特征指数n和湿度附加影响指数c与电极形状有关;间隙雷电冲击放电电压在不同湿度下有一定分散性,且间隙放电电压与间隙距离(<400mm)之间不呈线性关系。研究结果可为高海拔地区开关柜电气安全距离的选择提供指导。
The electric safety distance of a switch cabinet with air as insulation medium is obviously affected by altitude,electrode shape, and so on. But there is no relative standard for the selection of air gap of switch cabinet at low pressures.To study the lightning impulse discharge performance of switchgear air gaps under high altitude condition, 4 types of air gap existing in 40.5 kV switchgear and typical rod-plane air gap were chosen as research subjects, and the effects of electrode shape, air pressure p, humidity h and air gap distance d on discharge characteristic were investigated. Tests results show that the discharge characteristic difference between rod-plane air gap and switchgear air gaps is noticeable. The lightning discharge voltage U50 can be expressed as U50=U50,0(p/p0+ch)n, in which U50,0 is discharge voltage at the sea level altitude p0. The variation of humidity will cause dispersion of U50 and the relationship between U50 and d(<400 mm)is non-linear. The research results can provide guidance for the design, selection and installation of switchgear in high altitude areas.
The electric safety distance of a switch cabinet with air as insulation medium is obviously affected by altitude,electrode shape, and so on. But there is no relative standard for the selection of air gap of switch cabinet at low pressures.To study the lightning impulse discharge performance of switchgear air gaps under high altitude condition, 4 types of air gap existing in 40.5 kV switchgear and typical rod-plane air gap were chosen as research subjects, and the effects of electrode shape, air pressure p, humidity h and air gap distance d on discharge characteristic were investigated. Tests results show that the discharge characteristic difference between rod-plane air gap and switchgear air gaps is noticeable. The lightning discharge voltage U50 can be expressed as U50=U50,0(p/p0+ch)n, in which U50,0 is discharge voltage at the sea level altitude p0. The variation of humidity will cause dispersion of U50 and the relationship between U50 and d(<400 mm)is non-linear. The research results can provide guidance for the design, selection and installation of switchgear in high altitude areas.
引文
[1]余炎雄.高海拔对中压开关柜影响的探讨[J].机电工程技术,2009,38(5):108-111.YU Yanxiong. Discussion on the effect of high elevation to the fea-turesofMVswitchgearcabinet[J].Mechanical&ElectricalEngineering Technology, 2009, 38(5):108-111.
[2]张智伟.40.5kV铠装式金属封闭开关柜在高海拔电网使用中绝缘加强的改造实践[J].陕西电力,2008,36(3):52-56.ZHANG Zhiwei. Retrofitting practice of strengthening insulation for40.5k Vmetal-cladswitchgearsinpowergridathighaltitude[J].Shanxi Power, 2008, 36(3):52-56.
[3]黄晓胜.预防10~35kV金属封闭开关柜事故措施[J].云南电力技术,2010,38(1):48-49.HUANG Xiaosheng. Prevent accidents measures of 10~35 kV metalclosed switchgear[J]. Yunnan Electric Power, 2010, 38(1):48-49.
[4]3.6kV~40.5kV交流金属封闭开关设备和控制设备:DL/T404—2007[S],2007.Alternating current metal enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rat-edvoltagesabove3.6k Vanduptoandincluding40.5k V:DL/T404—2007[S], 2007.
[5]高压开关设备和控制设备标准的共用技术要求:GB/T11022—2011[S],2011.Common specifications for high voltage switchgear and control gearstandards:GB/T11022—2011[S], 2011.
[6]LINGSR.EPRIACtransmissionlinereferencebook:200kVandabove[R]. Beijing, China:EPRI, 2004.
[7]蒋兴良,于亮,胡建林,等.棒-板长空气间隙在低气压下雷电冲击特性及电压校正[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):152-156.JIANGXingliang,YULiang,HUJianlin,etal.Lightningimpulsedischarge performance and voltage correction of long air gaps at loweratmosphericpressure[J].ProceedingsoftheCSEE,2005,25(11):152-156.
[8]蒋兴良,孙才新,舒立春,等.正棒-板短间隙雷电冲击放电电压的海拔修正[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2003,26(3):77-81.JIANG Xingliang, SUN Caixin, SHU Lichun, et al. Study of lightningimpulse breakdown voltage correction of positive rod-plate shortairgaps on altitude[J]. Journal of Chongqing University(Natural ScienceEdition), 2003, 26(3):77-81.
[9]王磊,赵现平,董俊,等. 2 000 m海拔35 kV开关柜母排结构安全净距试验研究[J].高压电器,2013,49(4):66-70.WANG Lei, ZHAO Xianping, DONG Jun, et al. Experimental studyon net safety distance of 35 kV switchgear bus structure in 2 000 m al-titude[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2013, 49(4):66-70.
[10]潘长明,刘刚,熊炬,等.高压开关柜绝缘事故的分析及防范措施[J].高压电器,2011,47(7):90-93.PAN Changming, LIU Gang, XIONG Ju, et al. High voltage switch-gearinsulationaccident’sanalysisandcountermeasures[J].HighVoltage Apparatus, 2011, 47(7):90-93.
[11]蒋兴良,袁耀,杜勇,等.棒-板短空气间隙淋雨交流放电特性及电压校正[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(12):36-42.JIANG Xingliang, YUAN Yao, DU Yong, et al. AC discharge charac-teristicandvoltagecorrectionofrod-planeshortairgapunderrainconditions[J].TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety,2012,27(12):36-42.
[12]高电压试验技术第1部分:一般定义及试验要求:GB/T16927.1—2011[S],2011.Highvoltagetesttechniques-part1:generaltestrequirements:GB/T16927.1—2011[S], 2011.
[13]绝缘配合第1部分:定义、原则和规则:GB 311.1—2012[S],2012.Insulationcoordination-part1:definitions, principlesandrules:GB311.1—2012[S], 2012.
[14]赵智大.高电压技术[M]. 2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.ZHAOZhida.Highvoltagetechnology[M].2nded.Beijing,China:China power press, 2006.
[15]王国利,张福增,关志成,等.高海拔直流外绝缘试验研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1109-1123.WANG Guoli, ZHANG Fuzeng, GUAN Zhicheng, et al. Experimentresearch of DC external insulation in high attitude area[J]. High Volt-age Engineering, 2016, 42(4):1109-1123.
[16]徐勇,汪霄飞,朱英浩,等.大气条件对空气间隙放电特性的影响及其数值解析式[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(4):21-26.XU Yong, WANG Xiaofei, ZHU Yinghao, et al. Effect of atmospherecondition on discharge characteristic of air gap and its analytic equa-tionofnumericalvalue[J].TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety, 2007, 22(4):21-26.
[17]黄文武,贺振华,蔡炜,等.基于紫外成像技术的棒-板间隙放电环境因素研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2788-2794.HUANG Wenwu, HE Zhenghua, CAI Wei, et al. Study on the envi-ronmental factors of rod-plane gap discharge based on UV imaging[J].High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(8):2788-2794.
[18]于亮.低气压下110kV系统棒-板空气间隙冲击放电特性及电压校正研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.YULiang.Lightningandswitchingimpulsedischargeperformanceand voltage correction of rod-plane air gaps at lower air pressure in110 kV system[D]. Chongqing, China:Chongqing University, 2005.
[19]JIANG X L, SHU L S, HU J L, et al. Positive switching impulse dis-charge performance and voltage correction of rod-plane air gap basedon tests at high-altitude sites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009, 24(1):302-310.
[20]蒋兴良,王军,苑吉河,等.模拟与自然环境下0.5~1.5 m空气间隙正极性操作冲击放电电压校正方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(28):13-17.JIANG Xingliang, WANG Jun, YUAN Jihe, et al. Correction methodof positive switching impulse discharge voltage for 0.5~1.0 m air gapunderartificialandnaturalconditions[J].ProceedingsoftheCSEE,2008, 28(28):13-17.
[21]康钧,李佩,王生富,等.盐雾对“棒-板”间隙交直流击穿电压的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(6):1989-1994.KANG Jun, LI Pei, WANG Shengfu, et al. Influence of salt spray onAC/DCbreakdownvoltageofrod-planegap[J].HighVoltageEngi-neering, 2015, 41(6):1989-1994.
[22]胡伟,霍锋,徐涛,等.特高压倒V型串杆塔间隙放电特性及绝缘配置分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(12):4117-4122.HU Wei, HUO Feng, XU Tao, et al. Air-gaps flashover characteristicsand insulation coordination of inverse v-type insulator string tower forUHV AC transmission line[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(12):4117-4122.
[23]张秋实,王力农,方雅琪,等.带电作业组合间隙放电特性仿真分析方法[J].高电压技术,2018,44(4):1292-1301.ZHANG Qiushi, WANG Linong, FANG Yaqi, et al. Simulation meth-od for discharge characteristics of live working complex gap[J]. HighVoltage Engineering, 2018, 44(4):1292-1301.
[2]张智伟.40.5kV铠装式金属封闭开关柜在高海拔电网使用中绝缘加强的改造实践[J].陕西电力,2008,36(3):52-56.ZHANG Zhiwei. Retrofitting practice of strengthening insulation for40.5k Vmetal-cladswitchgearsinpowergridathighaltitude[J].Shanxi Power, 2008, 36(3):52-56.
[3]黄晓胜.预防10~35kV金属封闭开关柜事故措施[J].云南电力技术,2010,38(1):48-49.HUANG Xiaosheng. Prevent accidents measures of 10~35 kV metalclosed switchgear[J]. Yunnan Electric Power, 2010, 38(1):48-49.
[4]3.6kV~40.5kV交流金属封闭开关设备和控制设备:DL/T404—2007[S],2007.Alternating current metal enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rat-edvoltagesabove3.6k Vanduptoandincluding40.5k V:DL/T404—2007[S], 2007.
[5]高压开关设备和控制设备标准的共用技术要求:GB/T11022—2011[S],2011.Common specifications for high voltage switchgear and control gearstandards:GB/T11022—2011[S], 2011.
[6]LINGSR.EPRIACtransmissionlinereferencebook:200kVandabove[R]. Beijing, China:EPRI, 2004.
[7]蒋兴良,于亮,胡建林,等.棒-板长空气间隙在低气压下雷电冲击特性及电压校正[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):152-156.JIANGXingliang,YULiang,HUJianlin,etal.Lightningimpulsedischarge performance and voltage correction of long air gaps at loweratmosphericpressure[J].ProceedingsoftheCSEE,2005,25(11):152-156.
[8]蒋兴良,孙才新,舒立春,等.正棒-板短间隙雷电冲击放电电压的海拔修正[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2003,26(3):77-81.JIANG Xingliang, SUN Caixin, SHU Lichun, et al. Study of lightningimpulse breakdown voltage correction of positive rod-plate shortairgaps on altitude[J]. Journal of Chongqing University(Natural ScienceEdition), 2003, 26(3):77-81.
[9]王磊,赵现平,董俊,等. 2 000 m海拔35 kV开关柜母排结构安全净距试验研究[J].高压电器,2013,49(4):66-70.WANG Lei, ZHAO Xianping, DONG Jun, et al. Experimental studyon net safety distance of 35 kV switchgear bus structure in 2 000 m al-titude[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2013, 49(4):66-70.
[10]潘长明,刘刚,熊炬,等.高压开关柜绝缘事故的分析及防范措施[J].高压电器,2011,47(7):90-93.PAN Changming, LIU Gang, XIONG Ju, et al. High voltage switch-gearinsulationaccident’sanalysisandcountermeasures[J].HighVoltage Apparatus, 2011, 47(7):90-93.
[11]蒋兴良,袁耀,杜勇,等.棒-板短空气间隙淋雨交流放电特性及电压校正[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(12):36-42.JIANG Xingliang, YUAN Yao, DU Yong, et al. AC discharge charac-teristicandvoltagecorrectionofrod-planeshortairgapunderrainconditions[J].TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety,2012,27(12):36-42.
[12]高电压试验技术第1部分:一般定义及试验要求:GB/T16927.1—2011[S],2011.Highvoltagetesttechniques-part1:generaltestrequirements:GB/T16927.1—2011[S], 2011.
[13]绝缘配合第1部分:定义、原则和规则:GB 311.1—2012[S],2012.Insulationcoordination-part1:definitions, principlesandrules:GB311.1—2012[S], 2012.
[14]赵智大.高电压技术[M]. 2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.ZHAOZhida.Highvoltagetechnology[M].2nded.Beijing,China:China power press, 2006.
[15]王国利,张福增,关志成,等.高海拔直流外绝缘试验研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1109-1123.WANG Guoli, ZHANG Fuzeng, GUAN Zhicheng, et al. Experimentresearch of DC external insulation in high attitude area[J]. High Volt-age Engineering, 2016, 42(4):1109-1123.
[16]徐勇,汪霄飞,朱英浩,等.大气条件对空气间隙放电特性的影响及其数值解析式[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(4):21-26.XU Yong, WANG Xiaofei, ZHU Yinghao, et al. Effect of atmospherecondition on discharge characteristic of air gap and its analytic equa-tionofnumericalvalue[J].TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety, 2007, 22(4):21-26.
[17]黄文武,贺振华,蔡炜,等.基于紫外成像技术的棒-板间隙放电环境因素研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2788-2794.HUANG Wenwu, HE Zhenghua, CAI Wei, et al. Study on the envi-ronmental factors of rod-plane gap discharge based on UV imaging[J].High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(8):2788-2794.
[18]于亮.低气压下110kV系统棒-板空气间隙冲击放电特性及电压校正研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2005.YULiang.Lightningandswitchingimpulsedischargeperformanceand voltage correction of rod-plane air gaps at lower air pressure in110 kV system[D]. Chongqing, China:Chongqing University, 2005.
[19]JIANG X L, SHU L S, HU J L, et al. Positive switching impulse dis-charge performance and voltage correction of rod-plane air gap basedon tests at high-altitude sites[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009, 24(1):302-310.
[20]蒋兴良,王军,苑吉河,等.模拟与自然环境下0.5~1.5 m空气间隙正极性操作冲击放电电压校正方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(28):13-17.JIANG Xingliang, WANG Jun, YUAN Jihe, et al. Correction methodof positive switching impulse discharge voltage for 0.5~1.0 m air gapunderartificialandnaturalconditions[J].ProceedingsoftheCSEE,2008, 28(28):13-17.
[21]康钧,李佩,王生富,等.盐雾对“棒-板”间隙交直流击穿电压的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(6):1989-1994.KANG Jun, LI Pei, WANG Shengfu, et al. Influence of salt spray onAC/DCbreakdownvoltageofrod-planegap[J].HighVoltageEngi-neering, 2015, 41(6):1989-1994.
[22]胡伟,霍锋,徐涛,等.特高压倒V型串杆塔间隙放电特性及绝缘配置分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(12):4117-4122.HU Wei, HUO Feng, XU Tao, et al. Air-gaps flashover characteristicsand insulation coordination of inverse v-type insulator string tower forUHV AC transmission line[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(12):4117-4122.
[23]张秋实,王力农,方雅琪,等.带电作业组合间隙放电特性仿真分析方法[J].高电压技术,2018,44(4):1292-1301.ZHANG Qiushi, WANG Linong, FANG Yaqi, et al. Simulation meth-od for discharge characteristics of live working complex gap[J]. HighVoltage Engineering, 2018, 44(4):1292-1301.