直膨式太阳能热泵用于温室番茄根际-空气加温的试验研究
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摘要
针对直膨式太阳能热泵所集热能利用率低,温室加温不足的问题,采用直膨式太阳能热泵为集热系统,根际-空气加温为放热系统,对大跨度主动蓄能型温室在不同天气仅根际加温和根际与空气同时加温的加温效果,集、放热系统运行性能,集热效率,热能利用率,节能率和集热系统的优化运行模式进行研究。结果表明:1)连续阴天和连续晴天,放热系统的热能利用率分别高于97.2%和92.7%;2)不同天气试验区的根际温度在17.9℃以上,比对照区高1.5℃,空气温度在11.6℃以上,比对照区高3.6℃,相对湿度在90.8%以下,比对照区低3.2%;3)不同天气整套系统的节能率R在47.2%以上,性能系数在1.9以上;4)不同天气集热系统均能在设定时间内达到设定集热温度目标,且其集热性能系数COPc在2.3以上,其集热效率在149.6%以上;5)9:30—11:30集热系统COPc随太阳辐射强度的增大,从1.4增大至3.0,11:30—14:50集热系统的集热性能系数均高于3.8,15:10以后,蓄热水池水温高于47℃时,集热性能系数由3.2最终降至0.8。该研究表明根际与空气结合的加温方式不仅提高了温室加温效果,还提高了热能利用率和直膨式太阳能热泵的集热性能。此外,根据集热条件调节集热系统的运行模式,可提高集热性能,达到温室加温节能的目的。
In order to increase the heat energy utilization efficiency of direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump(DXSAHP),a mechanism was designed by using DX-SAHP as collection system and rhizosphere-air heating as releasing system.The heating effect,coefficient of performance(COP)and heat-collecting efficiency were tested.The operation mode under different weather conditions was optimized.The results showed that:Under the conditions of consecutive cloudy days and consecutive sunny days,the heat utilization efficiency of the heat releasing system was higher than97.2% and 92.7%correspondly;Under different weather conditions,the rhizosphere temperature and air temperature in the experimental area were above 17.9 and 11.6℃respectively,which were 1.5 and 3.6℃ higher than those of the control area;The relative humidity in the experimental area was below 90.8%,which was 3.2%lower than that of the control area;The energy-saving rate Rof the whole system under different weather conditions was higher than 47.2%,and the coefficient of performance(COPtotal)was above 1.9;Under different weather conditions,the heat collecting system could reach the set temperature objective for heating within the set time while keep the coefficient of heatcollecting performance(COPc)above 2.3 and the heat-collecting efficiencyμhigher than 149.6%;Additionally,from9:30 am to 11:30 am,with the increase in solar radiation intensity,the COPc of the heat collecting system also increased from 1.4 to 3.0;from 11:30 am to 14:50,the COPcof the heat-collecting system was above 3.8;After 15:10 when the temperature of water in the thermal storage tank was higher than 47℃,the COPcfinally dropped from 3.2 to0.8.In conclusion,this study clarified that the DX-SAHP heating rhizosphere-air could not only improve the heating effect of greenhouse,but also improve the heat energy utilization rate and the COPcof the DX-SAHP.Additionally,it could realize the greenhouse energy conservation goal by using the operating mode of DX-SAHP,which could be adjusted in accordance with variations in solar radiation intensity and the water temperature in the tank.
In order to increase the heat energy utilization efficiency of direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump(DXSAHP),a mechanism was designed by using DX-SAHP as collection system and rhizosphere-air heating as releasing system.The heating effect,coefficient of performance(COP)and heat-collecting efficiency were tested.The operation mode under different weather conditions was optimized.The results showed that:Under the conditions of consecutive cloudy days and consecutive sunny days,the heat utilization efficiency of the heat releasing system was higher than97.2% and 92.7%correspondly;Under different weather conditions,the rhizosphere temperature and air temperature in the experimental area were above 17.9 and 11.6℃respectively,which were 1.5 and 3.6℃ higher than those of the control area;The relative humidity in the experimental area was below 90.8%,which was 3.2%lower than that of the control area;The energy-saving rate Rof the whole system under different weather conditions was higher than 47.2%,and the coefficient of performance(COPtotal)was above 1.9;Under different weather conditions,the heat collecting system could reach the set temperature objective for heating within the set time while keep the coefficient of heatcollecting performance(COPc)above 2.3 and the heat-collecting efficiencyμhigher than 149.6%;Additionally,from9:30 am to 11:30 am,with the increase in solar radiation intensity,the COPc of the heat collecting system also increased from 1.4 to 3.0;from 11:30 am to 14:50,the COPcof the heat-collecting system was above 3.8;After 15:10 when the temperature of water in the thermal storage tank was higher than 47℃,the COPcfinally dropped from 3.2 to0.8.In conclusion,this study clarified that the DX-SAHP heating rhizosphere-air could not only improve the heating effect of greenhouse,but also improve the heat energy utilization rate and the COPcof the DX-SAHP.Additionally,it could realize the greenhouse energy conservation goal by using the operating mode of DX-SAHP,which could be adjusted in accordance with variations in solar radiation intensity and the water temperature in the tank.
引文
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[2]叶崇文,段茂春,徐娥.设施农业发展现状及对策探讨[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(22):4386-4390Ye C W,Duan M C,Xu E.The current situation of facility agriculture development and courter measures[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2017,56(22):4386-4390(in Chinese)
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[4]杨其长.荷兰温室节能工程研究进展[J].农业工程技术:温室园艺,2007(1):13-14Yang Q C.Research progress of Dutch greenhouse energy conservationproject[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology:Greenhouse Horticulture,2007(1):13-14(in Chinese)
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[7]徐刚毅,刘明池,李武,许超,武良.电锅炉供暖日光温室土壤加温系统[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(14):171-174Xu G Y,Liu M C,Li W,Xu C,Wu L.Effect of electric boiler heating system for soil warming in solar greenhouse[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(14):171-174(in Chinese)
[8]赵云龙,于贤昌,李衍素,贺超兴,闫妍.碳晶电地热系统在日光温室番茄生产中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(7):131-138Zhao Y L,Yu X C,Li Y S,He C X,Yan Y.Application of electric carbon crystal soil-warming system for tomato production in greenhouse[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(7):131-138(in Chinese)
[9]Zabeltitz C.Greenhouse heating with solar energy[J].Energy in Agriculture,1986,5(2):111-120
[10]毛罕平,王晓宁,王多辉.温室太阳能加热系统的设计与试验研究[J].太阳能学报,2004,25(3):305-309Mao H P,Wang X N,Wang D H.The design and test of greenhouse solar energy heating system[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2004,25(3):305-309(in Chinese)
[11]Ntinas G K,Fragos V P,Nikita-Martzopoulou C.Optimizing the thermal energy contribution of a solar energy storage system in a greenhouse[J].Acta Horticulturae,2017(1170):875-882
[12]Zhou N,Yu Y,Yi J,Liu R.A study on thermal calculation method for a plastic greenhouse with solar energy storage and heating[J].Solar Energy,2017,142,39-48
[13]孙先鹏,邹志荣,赵康,毕胜山,郭康权.太阳能蓄热联合空气源热泵的温室加热试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(22):215-221Sun X P,Zou Z R,Zhao K,Bi S S,Guo K Q.Experiment on heating effect in greenhouse by solar combined with air-source heat pump[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(22):215-221(in Chinese)
[14]孙淑钧.温室加温系统及存在问题[J].中国花卉园艺,2012(4):48-49Sun S J.Greenhouse heating system and existing problem[J].China Flowers&Horticulture,2012(4):48-49(in Chinese)
[15]闫彦涛.温室平板太阳能相变蓄热系统的设计及应用研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016Yan Y T.Research on the design and application of plate solarphase change heat storage system in greenhouse[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2016(in Chinese)
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[18]Liu M,Xu Y,Xu G,Li W,Xu C,Sun J.Research on water source heat pump heating system in intelligence greenhouse[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(17):192-199
[19]Ozgener O,Hepbasli A.Experimental performance analysis of a solar assisted ground-source heat pump greenhouse heating system[J].Energy&Buildings,2005,37(1):101-110
[20]Ozgener O,Hepbasli A.A parametrical study on the energetic and exergetic assessment of a solar-assisted vertical groundsource heat pump system used for heating agreenhouse[J].Building&Environment,2007,42(1):11-24
[21]Tong Y,Kozai T,Nishioka N,Ohyama K.Greenhouse heating using heat pumps with a high coefficient of performance(COP)[J].Biosystems Engineering,2010,106(4):405-411
[22]李洁,王振辉,崔海亭.新型太阳能与热泵复合供暖系统的研究[J].农机化研究,2011,33(10):199-201Li J,Wang Z H,Cui H T.Study a new type compound heating system of solar energy and heat pump[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(10):199-201(in Chinese)
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