夏季亚洲阻塞高压识别及其对中国东北气候异常的可能影响:不同再分析资料对比
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摘要
基于阻塞高压(阻高)客观识别方法,利用1979—2016年夏季(6—8月)NCEP-Ⅰ、NCEP-Ⅱ逐日再分析资料和ERA-interim逐6 h再分析资料对识别结果进行对比分析;并以D类(130°—160°E)阻高为例,讨论其对6月中国东北地区气候的可能影响。结果表明:NCEP-Ⅰ和NCEP-Ⅱ再分析资料对阻高活动天数、发生频次及年代际变化的识别结果差异较小,而ERA-interim与前两种资料的结果差别较大。3种再分析资料下,夏季各类阻高活动天数均与500 hPa高度场存在相应的显著相关区,且形态相近。但前两种资料对于各类阻高的表征结果较为一致,而ERA-interim再分析资料对各类阻高面积和范围的表征偏小。6月D类阻高活动日数与东北地区气温和降水关系密切,D类阻高活跃年,大气环流以经向型为主,东北地区低层低温、暖平流,高层高温、冷平流的结构指示大气层结不稳定,且东北上空为异常低压环流控制,上升气流较强,有利于6月东北地区出现低温多雨天气。鄂霍次克海地区是6月罗斯贝波的重要来源地之一,而6月D类阻高的形成可能与海-陆温差有关。
Using the blocking high objective identification method, the identification results based on daily reanalysis data of the NCEP/NCAR-Ⅰ, NCEP-Ⅱ and ERA-interim at 6 h intervals in the summer(June to August) for the period 1979-2016 are compared. Taking the type D blocking high as an example, we discuss its possible impacts on the climate in Northeast China during June. Results suggest that the reanalysis data of NCEP-Ⅰ and NCEP-Ⅱ show little difference in the identified number of days, frequency of occurrence and interdecadal variation of blocking high, while results from the ERA-interim reanalysis data are greatly different with results from the former two datasets. The three reanalysis datasets all indicate that there are areas where the number of various types of blocking high activity days is highly correlated with the height field of 500 hPa in the summer, and the patterns are similar between the three datasets. However, the characteristics of the results from the first two datasets for various types of blocking high are relatively consistent, while the characteristic area and range of blocking high from the ERA-interim reanalysis dataset is relatively small. The cumulative days of type D blocking high in June are closely related to temperature and precipitation in Northeast China. In the active years of type D blocking high, the atmospheric circulation is dominated by a meridional type. Low temperature and warm advection in the lower troposphere as well as high temperature and cold advection in the upper troposphere indicate an unstable atmospheric stratification. At the same time, abnormal low pressure circulation prevails over Northeast China, and the strong updraft is favorable for the formation of low temperature and rainy weather in Northeast China during June. The Okhotsk Sea area is an important source of Rossby wave in June, and the formation of type D blocking high in June may be related to the temperature difference between the sea and the land.
Using the blocking high objective identification method, the identification results based on daily reanalysis data of the NCEP/NCAR-Ⅰ, NCEP-Ⅱ and ERA-interim at 6 h intervals in the summer(June to August) for the period 1979-2016 are compared. Taking the type D blocking high as an example, we discuss its possible impacts on the climate in Northeast China during June. Results suggest that the reanalysis data of NCEP-Ⅰ and NCEP-Ⅱ show little difference in the identified number of days, frequency of occurrence and interdecadal variation of blocking high, while results from the ERA-interim reanalysis data are greatly different with results from the former two datasets. The three reanalysis datasets all indicate that there are areas where the number of various types of blocking high activity days is highly correlated with the height field of 500 hPa in the summer, and the patterns are similar between the three datasets. However, the characteristics of the results from the first two datasets for various types of blocking high are relatively consistent, while the characteristic area and range of blocking high from the ERA-interim reanalysis dataset is relatively small. The cumulative days of type D blocking high in June are closely related to temperature and precipitation in Northeast China. In the active years of type D blocking high, the atmospheric circulation is dominated by a meridional type. Low temperature and warm advection in the lower troposphere as well as high temperature and cold advection in the upper troposphere indicate an unstable atmospheric stratification. At the same time, abnormal low pressure circulation prevails over Northeast China, and the strong updraft is favorable for the formation of low temperature and rainy weather in Northeast China during June. The Okhotsk Sea area is an important source of Rossby wave in June, and the formation of type D blocking high in June may be related to the temperature difference between the sea and the land.
引文
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胡钰玲,赵中军,康彩燕等.2017.中国南方2008年与2016年两次低温雨雪冰冻天气过程对比分析.冰川冻土,39(6):1180-1191.Hu Y L,Zhao Z J,Kang C Y,et al.2017.A comparative study of the two weather processes with cold and snowing in southern China in 2008 and 2016.J Glaciol Geocryol,39(6):1180-1191 (in Chinese)
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李春,孙照渤.2003.中纬度阻塞高压指数与华北夏季降水的联系.南京气象学院学报,26(4):458-464.Li C,Sun Z B.2003.Association of mid-latitude blocking high index with summer precipitation in North China.J Nanjing Inst Meteor,26(4):458-464 (in Chinese)
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李艳,金荣花,王式功.2010.1950—2008年影响中国天气的关键区阻塞高压统计特征.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),46(3):47-55.Li Y,Jin R H,Wang S G.2010.Statistical characteristics of blocking highs influencing the weather in China during 1950-2008.J Lanzhou Univ (Nat Sci),46(3):47-55 (in Chinese)
廉毅,布和朝鲁,谢作威等.2010.初夏东北冷涡活动异常与北半球环流低频变化.大气科学,34(2):429-439.Lian Y,Bueh C,Xie Z W,et al.2010.The anomalous cold vortex activity in Northeast China during the early summer and the low-frequency variability of the northern hemispheric atmosphere circulation.Chinese J Atmos Sci,34(2):429-439 (in Chinese)
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刘刚,廉毅,颜鹏程等.2015.5—8月东北冷涡客观识别分类及北半球大气环流特征分析.地理科学,35(8):1042-1050.Liu G,Lian Y,Yan P C,et al.2015.The objective recognition and classification of northeast cold vortex and the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation characters in May to August.Scientia Geogr Sinica,35(8):1042-1050 (in Chinese)
刘樱,郭品文,冯涛.2016.华北地区冬季持续性异常低温事件与大气低频振荡活动的关系.大气科学学报,39(3):370-380.Liu Y,Guo P W,Feng T.2016.The relationship between winter persistent abnormal low temperature in North China and atmospheric low-frequency oscillation activities.Trans Atmos Sci,39(3):370-380 (in Chinese)
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