对抗“忘却的政治”——石黑一雄关于日本“战后责任”的思考
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摘要
追问普通人的社会和政治责任,是石黑一雄小说创作的重要主题之一。在《远山淡影》和《浮世画家》中,作家从日常生活的层面考察了日本战后社会的变化及走向:战争记忆成为人们小心回避的话题,与个人的惨痛经验一起被压抑在无意识的深处。美国化进程迅速清除了战争的废墟,经济复兴延续并强化了日本自现代以来的西方优等生文化,使得日本未能以战败为契机反思其整个现代进程以及现代本身的内在问题。石黑一雄通过揭示日常生活、文化、艺术与政治之间的密切关系,思考了大众尤其是知识分子自觉承担战后责任和正确行使政治职能的重要性。
One of the most important themes of Kazuo Ishiguro's works is exploring the social and political responsibility of ordinary people. In A Pale View of Hills and An Artist of the Floating World, he examines the transformation and social trends of post-war Japan from the perspective of everyday life. The people choose to avoid talking about the memories of war which have been deeply buried inside the unconsciousness with personal painful experiences.In the process of Americanization, the ruins of war were cleared up rapidly, and economic regeneration extended and intensified the superiority of Japan as a top student of the West which has been rooted in Japan since modern time. Japanese people thus failed to reflect on the modern process of Japan as a whole and the inner problem of modernity. By discovering the intimate connection between everyday life, culture, art and politics, Kazuo Ishiguro encourages the general public especially the intellectuals to undertake their post-war responsibility consciously so as to perform their political function correctly.
One of the most important themes of Kazuo Ishiguro's works is exploring the social and political responsibility of ordinary people. In A Pale View of Hills and An Artist of the Floating World, he examines the transformation and social trends of post-war Japan from the perspective of everyday life. The people choose to avoid talking about the memories of war which have been deeply buried inside the unconsciousness with personal painful experiences.In the process of Americanization, the ruins of war were cleared up rapidly, and economic regeneration extended and intensified the superiority of Japan as a top student of the West which has been rooted in Japan since modern time. Japanese people thus failed to reflect on the modern process of Japan as a whole and the inner problem of modernity. By discovering the intimate connection between everyday life, culture, art and politics, Kazuo Ishiguro encourages the general public especially the intellectuals to undertake their post-war responsibility consciously so as to perform their political function correctly.
引文
Lefebvre,Henri.Everyday Life in the Modern World.Trans.Sacha Rabinovitch.New York:Harper&Row,1971.
Mason,Gregory.“An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro.”Contemporary Literature 30.3(1989):335-47.
Otto,Dylan.“Rooted in a Small Space:An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro.”The Kenyon Review,New Series,20.2(1998):146-54.
Shaffer,Brian.“An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro.”Contemporary Literature 42.1(2001):1-14.
阿伦特:《过去与未来之间》,王寅丽、张立立译。南京:译林出版社,2011。[Arendt,Hannah.Between Past and Future.Trans.Wang Yinli and Zhang Lili.Nanjing:Yilin,2011.]
阿伦特:《人的境况》,王寅丽译。上海:上海人民出版社,2009。[Arendt,Hannah.The Human Condition.Trans.Wang Yinli.Shanghai:Shanghai People’s,2009.]
昂弗莱:《享乐的艺术:论享乐唯物主义》,刘汉全译。北京:三联书店,2003。[Onfray,Michel.The Art of Joy:On Materialism of Joy.Trans.Liu Hanquan.Beijing:SDX Joint,2003.]
鲍曼:《现代性与矛盾性》,邵迎生译。北京:商务印书馆,2003。[Bauman,Zygmunt.Modernity and Ambivalence.Trans.Shao Yingsheng.Beijing:Commercial,2003.]
弗洛伊德:《精神分析引论》,高觉敷译。北京:商务印书馆,1984。[Freud,Sigmund.A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis.Trans.Gao Juefu.Beijing:Commercial,1984.]
高桥哲哉:《靖国问题》,黄东兰译。北京:三联书店,2007。[Tetsuya,Takahashi.The Yasukuni Problem.Trans.Huang Donglan.Beijing:SDX Joint,2007.]
高桥哲哉:《战后责任论》,徐曼译。北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008。[Tetsuya,Takahashi.On Postwar Responsibility.Trans.Xu Man.Beijing:Social Sciences Academy,2008.]
加藤周一:《日本文化中的时间与空间》,彭曦译。南京:南京大学出版社,2010。[Kato,Shuichi.The Time and Space in Japanese Culture.Trans.Peng Xi.Nanjing:Nanjing UP,2010.]
井上清等:《战后日本》。北京:世界知识社,1955。[Inoue,Kiyoshi,et al.Postwar Japan.Beijing:World Affairs,1955.]
卡林内斯库:《现代性的五副面孔--现代主义、先锋派、颓废、媚俗艺术、后现代主义》,顾爱彬、李瑞华译。北京:商务印书馆,2002。[Calinescu,Matei.Five Faces of Modernity:Modernism,Avant-Garde,Decadence,Kitsch,Postmodernism.Trans.Gu Aibin and Li Ruihua.Beijing:Commercial,2002.]
马尔库塞:《单向度的人--发达工业社会意识形态研究》,刘继译。上海:上海译文出版社,2008。[Marcuse,Herbert.One-Dimension Man:Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society.Trans.Liu Ji.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation,2008.]
萨义德:《知识分子论》,单德兴译。北京:三联书店,2002。[Said,Edward.Representations of the Intellectual.Trans.Shan Dexing.Beijing:SDX Joint,2002.]
石黑一雄:《浮世画家》,马爱农译。上海:上海译文出版社,2011。[Ishiguro,Kazuo.An Artist of the Floating World.Trans.Ma Ainong.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation,2011.]
石黑一雄:《远山淡影》,张晓意译。上海:上海译文出版社,2011。[Ishiguro,Kazuo.A Pale View of Hills.Trans.Zhang Xiaoyi.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation,2011.]
托克维尔:《论美国的民主(下卷)》,董果良译。北京:商务印书馆,1988。[Tocqueville,Alexis de.Democracy in America.Vol.2.Trans.Dong Guoliang.Beijing:Commercial,1988.]
子安宣邦:《国家与祭祀》,董炳月译。北京:三联书店,2007。[Nobukuni Koyasu,The Nation and Worship Ceremony.Trans.Dong Bingyue.Beijing:SDX Joint,2007.]
Mason,Gregory.“An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro.”Contemporary Literature 30.3(1989):335-47.
Otto,Dylan.“Rooted in a Small Space:An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro.”The Kenyon Review,New Series,20.2(1998):146-54.
Shaffer,Brian.“An Interview with Kazuo Ishiguro.”Contemporary Literature 42.1(2001):1-14.
阿伦特:《过去与未来之间》,王寅丽、张立立译。南京:译林出版社,2011。[Arendt,Hannah.Between Past and Future.Trans.Wang Yinli and Zhang Lili.Nanjing:Yilin,2011.]
阿伦特:《人的境况》,王寅丽译。上海:上海人民出版社,2009。[Arendt,Hannah.The Human Condition.Trans.Wang Yinli.Shanghai:Shanghai People’s,2009.]
昂弗莱:《享乐的艺术:论享乐唯物主义》,刘汉全译。北京:三联书店,2003。[Onfray,Michel.The Art of Joy:On Materialism of Joy.Trans.Liu Hanquan.Beijing:SDX Joint,2003.]
鲍曼:《现代性与矛盾性》,邵迎生译。北京:商务印书馆,2003。[Bauman,Zygmunt.Modernity and Ambivalence.Trans.Shao Yingsheng.Beijing:Commercial,2003.]
弗洛伊德:《精神分析引论》,高觉敷译。北京:商务印书馆,1984。[Freud,Sigmund.A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis.Trans.Gao Juefu.Beijing:Commercial,1984.]
高桥哲哉:《靖国问题》,黄东兰译。北京:三联书店,2007。[Tetsuya,Takahashi.The Yasukuni Problem.Trans.Huang Donglan.Beijing:SDX Joint,2007.]
高桥哲哉:《战后责任论》,徐曼译。北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008。[Tetsuya,Takahashi.On Postwar Responsibility.Trans.Xu Man.Beijing:Social Sciences Academy,2008.]
加藤周一:《日本文化中的时间与空间》,彭曦译。南京:南京大学出版社,2010。[Kato,Shuichi.The Time and Space in Japanese Culture.Trans.Peng Xi.Nanjing:Nanjing UP,2010.]
井上清等:《战后日本》。北京:世界知识社,1955。[Inoue,Kiyoshi,et al.Postwar Japan.Beijing:World Affairs,1955.]
卡林内斯库:《现代性的五副面孔--现代主义、先锋派、颓废、媚俗艺术、后现代主义》,顾爱彬、李瑞华译。北京:商务印书馆,2002。[Calinescu,Matei.Five Faces of Modernity:Modernism,Avant-Garde,Decadence,Kitsch,Postmodernism.Trans.Gu Aibin and Li Ruihua.Beijing:Commercial,2002.]
马尔库塞:《单向度的人--发达工业社会意识形态研究》,刘继译。上海:上海译文出版社,2008。[Marcuse,Herbert.One-Dimension Man:Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society.Trans.Liu Ji.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation,2008.]
萨义德:《知识分子论》,单德兴译。北京:三联书店,2002。[Said,Edward.Representations of the Intellectual.Trans.Shan Dexing.Beijing:SDX Joint,2002.]
石黑一雄:《浮世画家》,马爱农译。上海:上海译文出版社,2011。[Ishiguro,Kazuo.An Artist of the Floating World.Trans.Ma Ainong.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation,2011.]
石黑一雄:《远山淡影》,张晓意译。上海:上海译文出版社,2011。[Ishiguro,Kazuo.A Pale View of Hills.Trans.Zhang Xiaoyi.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation,2011.]
托克维尔:《论美国的民主(下卷)》,董果良译。北京:商务印书馆,1988。[Tocqueville,Alexis de.Democracy in America.Vol.2.Trans.Dong Guoliang.Beijing:Commercial,1988.]
子安宣邦:《国家与祭祀》,董炳月译。北京:三联书店,2007。[Nobukuni Koyasu,The Nation and Worship Ceremony.Trans.Dong Bingyue.Beijing:SDX Joint,2007.]