白龙江干旱河谷地区典型灌木群落结构分析
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摘要
通过对白龙江干旱河谷地带初步调查研究表明,该地带灌木和草本植物总计173种,其中灌木植物130种,分属于55科、93属,种类最多的科是蔷薇科,总共19种植物,占所有干旱河谷灌木种类的14.6%。草本共计43种,总计21科,37属,菊科最多为10种,占所有草本种类的25.6%;主要灌木物种数是草本植物物种数的3.02倍。主要灌木前18个物种重要值的总和占总重要值的70.87%,主要优势树种有河朔荛花、西南野丁香、胡枝子、酸枣和红花岩黄蓍等;不同坡面坡向的物种数和生物多样性指数也不相同。凸面灌木物种数最多,Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener最大,平面的Gleason指数最大,而对于草本植物和灌木具有相似性,物种数凸面和平面最多。半阴半阳坡的灌木物种数为最多,占总物种数的70.77%,Shannon-wiener指数、Simpson指数和Margalef指数均是半阴半阳坡的最大,只有Gleason指数阳坡最大。
A preliminary investigation on the arid valley of the Bailong River showed that there were 173 species of shrubs and herbs in this area,among which 130 species were shrub plants belonging to 93 genera and 55 families. The largest number of species belonged to the Rosaceae with a total of 19 species,accounting for 14. 6% of all shrub species in arid valleys. There were 43 species of herbs,belonging to 37 genera and 21 families,of which 10 species belonged to Compositae,accounting for 25. 6% of all herbs. The main ecological vegetation in the arid valley of the Bailong River was shrub,the number of shrub species was 3. 02 times that of herbaceous plants. The sum of the important values of the first 18 species of main shrubs accounted for 70. 87% of the sum of the important values. The main dominant species were Wikstroemia chamaedaphne,Leptodermis potanini,Lespedeza bicolor,Ziziphus jujube and Hedysarum multjugum. The species number and biodiversity index of different slope directions were also different. The species number of convex shrub was the highest,Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index were the largest,Gleason index of the plane was the largest,and it was similar to herbaceous plantsand shrubs. The number of species was most convex and plane. The number of shrub species was the most in the semi-cloudy and semi-sunny slope,accounting for 70. 77% of the total species. The Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Margalef index were the largest in the semi-cloudy and semi-sunny slope,and only the Gleason index was the largest in the sunny slope.
A preliminary investigation on the arid valley of the Bailong River showed that there were 173 species of shrubs and herbs in this area,among which 130 species were shrub plants belonging to 93 genera and 55 families. The largest number of species belonged to the Rosaceae with a total of 19 species,accounting for 14. 6% of all shrub species in arid valleys. There were 43 species of herbs,belonging to 37 genera and 21 families,of which 10 species belonged to Compositae,accounting for 25. 6% of all herbs. The main ecological vegetation in the arid valley of the Bailong River was shrub,the number of shrub species was 3. 02 times that of herbaceous plants. The sum of the important values of the first 18 species of main shrubs accounted for 70. 87% of the sum of the important values. The main dominant species were Wikstroemia chamaedaphne,Leptodermis potanini,Lespedeza bicolor,Ziziphus jujube and Hedysarum multjugum. The species number and biodiversity index of different slope directions were also different. The species number of convex shrub was the highest,Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index were the largest,Gleason index of the plane was the largest,and it was similar to herbaceous plantsand shrubs. The number of species was most convex and plane. The number of shrub species was the most in the semi-cloudy and semi-sunny slope,accounting for 70. 77% of the total species. The Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Margalef index were the largest in the semi-cloudy and semi-sunny slope,and only the Gleason index was the largest in the sunny slope.
引文
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[3]YUAN L(袁蕾),ZHOU H R(周华荣),ZONG Z L(宗召磊),et al.Structural characteristics and diversity of typical shrub plant community in the Urumqi Region[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident.sin.(西北植物学报),2014,34(3):0595~0603(in Chinese).
[4]YUE M(岳明),REN Y(任毅),DANG G D(党高弟),et al.Species Diversity of higher plant community in Foping National Reserve[J].Chinese Biodiversity(生物多样性),1999,7(4):263~269(in Chinese).
[5]RU W M(茹文明),ZHANG J T(张金屯),ZHANG F(张峰),et al.Species diversity and community structure of forest communities in Lishang Mountain[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2006,17(4):561~566(in Chinese).
[6]PANGDEY S K,SHUKLA R P.Plant diversity in managed sal(Shorea robusta Geamn.)forests of Gorakhpur,India:species composition regeneration and conservation[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2003,12:2295~2319.
[7]BAI X J(白雪娇),LI B H(李步杭),ZHANG J(张健),et al.Species composition,structure,and spatial distribution of shrubs in broad-leaved Koreanpine(Pinus koraiensis)mixed forest in Changbai Mountains[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2010,21(8):1899~1906(in Chinese).
[8]HE Y(贺宇),DING G D(丁国栋),LIANG W J(梁文俊),et al.Study on structural characteristics of shrub community in typical natural secondary forest in Hebei Piovince[J].Forest Resource Management(林业资源管理),2011,8(4):89~93(in Chinese).
[9]YANG Z P(杨兆平),CHANG Y(常禹),BU R C(布仁仓),et al.Long-term dynamics of dry valleys in the upper reaches of Mingjiang River,Chain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2007,27(8):3250~3256(in Chinese).
[10]SUN X G(孙学刚),FENG Z C(冯自诚),ZHANG C W(张承维),Shelter-forest forest floristic studies Bailong river[J].Journal of Gansu agricultural university(甘肃农业大学学报),1993,28(专辑):65~78(in Chinese).
[11]KANG Y X(康永祥),The characteristics of the woody plants flora in Bailongjiang watershed[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident.sin.(西北植物学报),1999,19(2):337~342(in Chinese).
[12]FANF J Y(方精云),WANG R P(王蘘平),SHEN Z H(沈泽昊),et al.Methods and protocols for plant community inventory[J].Chinese Biodiversity(生物多样性),2009,17(6):533~538(in Chinese).
[13]WANG F(王飞),GUO X(郭星),CHEN G P(陈国鹏),et al.The niche of shrub populations located in the dry river valley of Bailong river in Gansu[J].Shanxi Forest Science and Technology(陕西林业科技),2015,(4):1~7(in Chinese).
[14]HUANG Q L(黄清麟),ZHANG CH(张超),ZHANG X H(张晓红).Study on structural characteristics of shrub communities in Tibet[J].Journal of Mountain Science(山地学报),2010,28(5):566~570(in Chinese).
[15]Cantón Y,Del Barrio G,Solé-Benet A,Lázaro R.Topographic controls on the spatial distribution of ground cover in the Tabernas badlands of SE Spain[J].Catena,2004,55:341~365.
[16]Hara K,Fujihara M,Oono K.Vegetation structure in relation to micro-land form in an evergreen broad-leaved forest on Amami Ohshima Island,South-West Japan[J].Ecological Research,1996,11:325~337.
[17]Dai N,Yoshihiko H,Yukira M.Influence of micro-landforms on forest structure,tree death and recruitment in a Japanese temperate mixed forest[J].Ecological research,2003,18(5):533~547.
[18]简敏菲,游海,朱笃,等.江西九连山森林群落灌木层的物种组成与多样性分析[J].江西师大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(4):494~499.
[19]GUAN W B(关文彬),YE M M(冶民生),MA K M(马克明),et al.Vegetation Classification and the Main Types of Vegetation of the Dry Valley of Minjiang River[J].Journal of Mountain Science(山地学报),2004,22(6):679~686(in Chinese).