多年生黑麦草对覆土作用下铜尾矿的修复
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摘要
选用耐性强的草坪草进行铜尾矿的植物修复,对尾矿的复垦和重金属污染的治理有十分重要的作用。因此,本研究通过盆栽试验,研究了多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)对不同比例的铜尾矿基质的修复效果,具体分析了多年生黑麦草的生长状况、土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、土壤全铜和有效态的含量以及多年生黑麦草体内铜的含量与分布。结果表明,多年生黑麦草在铜尾矿基质中能较好生长,无严重伤害。多年生黑麦草显著改善了铜尾矿基质的营养和土壤酶活性,与不种植黑麦草组比,种植多年生黑麦草组中有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量平均增加了55.5%、 44.1%、 30.0%和24.9%;蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性平均增加了24.8%、 20.5%、 11.4%和14.2%,均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。同时,多年生黑麦草的生长和吸收作用促进了土壤铜的活化,这种活化与吸收过程共同降低了土壤铜含量,平均降幅达到12.2%,推动了铜尾矿基质的修复进程。该试验为进一步利用多年生黑麦草修复现场铜尾矿提供了思路和方法,也为其他植物对重金属尾矿的修复提供了参考和借鉴。
Lawn grass with strong tolerance plays a significant role in disposing of heavy metal pollution and repairing copper tailings by phytoremediation.Therefore,perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne) was used to remediate different proportions of copper tailings and soil using pot experiment.The growth status of perennial ryegrass,physicochemical properties of soil,soil enzymatic activities,content of total Cu and available Cu in soil,and content and distribution in ryegrass were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that perennial ryegrass was capable of growing well in copper tailings without any serious damage.Both the nutritional ingredients and the soil enzymatic activities from the copper tailings were distinctly improved.Compared with the blank group without cultivated plants,the organic matter,total N,total P,and total K of the trial group with ryegrass plantings were increased by 55.5%,44.1%,30.0%,and 24.9%,respectively.The activities of invertase,urease,phosphatase,and catalase were increased by 24.8%,20.5%,11.4%,and 14.2%,respectively.Differences between the two groups existed(P<0.01).Additionally,the growth and uptake by the perennial ryegrass accelerated the activation of Cu,which reduced the content of Cu in soil by 12.2% to promote the restoration process of the Cu-contaminated soil.The experimental results illustrated that it is not only possible to restore the field copper tailings by utilizing the perennial ryegrass,but it also offered a reference to recover the heavy metal contaminated tailings by using phytoremediation.
Lawn grass with strong tolerance plays a significant role in disposing of heavy metal pollution and repairing copper tailings by phytoremediation.Therefore,perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne) was used to remediate different proportions of copper tailings and soil using pot experiment.The growth status of perennial ryegrass,physicochemical properties of soil,soil enzymatic activities,content of total Cu and available Cu in soil,and content and distribution in ryegrass were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that perennial ryegrass was capable of growing well in copper tailings without any serious damage.Both the nutritional ingredients and the soil enzymatic activities from the copper tailings were distinctly improved.Compared with the blank group without cultivated plants,the organic matter,total N,total P,and total K of the trial group with ryegrass plantings were increased by 55.5%,44.1%,30.0%,and 24.9%,respectively.The activities of invertase,urease,phosphatase,and catalase were increased by 24.8%,20.5%,11.4%,and 14.2%,respectively.Differences between the two groups existed(P<0.01).Additionally,the growth and uptake by the perennial ryegrass accelerated the activation of Cu,which reduced the content of Cu in soil by 12.2% to promote the restoration process of the Cu-contaminated soil.The experimental results illustrated that it is not only possible to restore the field copper tailings by utilizing the perennial ryegrass,but it also offered a reference to recover the heavy metal contaminated tailings by using phytoremediation.
引文
[1]WANG Y B,ZHANG L,HUANG Y J,YAO J,YANG H F.Transformation of copper fractions in rhizosphere soil of two dominant plants in a deserted land of copper tailings.Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2009,82(4):468-472.
[2]李希铭,李金波,宋桂龙,李诗刚,濮阳雪华.35份草本植物镉吸收与富集特征比较.草业科学,2018,35(4):760-770.LI X M,LI J B,SONG G L,LI S G,PUYANG X H.Cadmium tolerance and adsorption characteristic of herbaceous plants.Pratacultural Science,2018,35(4):760-770.
[3]王友保,吴亭亭,燕傲蕾,代杰,陶洁敏.镧对铜尾矿区多年生黑麦草铜耐性与积累特性的影响.土壤通报,2012,43(3):731-736.WANG Y B,WU T T,YAN A L,DAI J,TAO J M.Effects of La on tolerance and accumulation of copper of Lolium perenne in copper tailings yard.Chines Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(3):731-736.
[4]TOZSIN G.Inhibition of acid mine drainage and immobilization of heavy metals from copper flotation tailings using a marble cutting waste.International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy,and Materials,2016,23(1):1-6.
[5]徐德聪,孙庆业,沈章军,陈延松.铜尾矿库剑叶金鸡菊根际尾矿和植株的重金属元素含量及相关性分析.植物资源与环境学报,2018,27(1):27-36.XU D C,SUN Q Y,SHEN Z J,CHEN Y S.Analyses on contents of heavy metal elements in rhizosphere tailings and plants of Coreopsis Ianceolata in copper tailings and their correlations.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2018,27(1):27-36.
[6]尚明娟,曹骏,常智慧.污泥对草坪草逆境生理的影响.草业科学,2017,34(8):1591-1600.SHANG M J,CAO J,CHANG Z H.Effect of biosolid on turf grass physiology.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(8):1591-1600.
[7]汪楠楠,胡珊,吴丹,王友保.柠檬酸和EDTA对铜污染土壤环境中吊兰生长的影响.生态学报,2013,33(2):631-639.WANG N N,HU S,WU D,WANG Y B.Effects of CA and EDTA on growth of Chlorophytum comosum in copper-contaminated soil.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(2):631-639.
[8]徐胜,何兴元,陈玮,李建龙,张剑岷.热锻炼对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)和多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)抗高温能力的影响.生态学报,2008,28(1):162-171.XU S,HE X Y,CHEN W,LI J L,ZHANG J M.Effects of heat acclimation on high-temperature stress resistance and heat-tolerance mechanism of Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(1):162-171.
[9]范燕,闵丹丹,郭正刚,冯葆昌,胡小文.多年生黑麦草种子萌发及苗期耐盐性的比较.草业科学,2017,34(4):724-734.FAN Y,MIN D D,GUO Z G,FENG B C,HU X W.Comparison of the salt tolerance of perennial ryegrass during seed germination and seedling growth.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(4):724-734.
[10]WANG Y B,ZHU C F,YANG H F,ZHANG X W.Phosphate fertilizer affected rhizospheric soils:Speciation of cadmium and phytoremediation by Chlorophytum comosum.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,24(4):3934-3939.
[11]朱成凤.铜胁迫下红花碧桃对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.芜湖:安徽师范大学硕士学位论文,2016.ZHU C F.Effect of aqueous extract of safflower prunuspersica on seeds germination and seedling growth of Lolium perenne under copper stress.Master Thesis.Wuhu:Anhui Normal University,2016.
[12]陈鸣晖,刘大林,张卫红,马晶晶,赵国琦.铜污染土壤中不同多年生黑麦草品种富集效应的评价.草原与草坪,2017,37(6):78-83.CHEN M H,LIU D L,ZHANG W H,MA J J,ZHAO G Q.Evaluation on copper enrichment effect of perennial ryegrasses in copper-contaminated soil.Grassland and Turf,2017,37(6):78-83.
[13]王友保.土壤污染与生态修复实验指导.芜湖:安徽师范大学出版社,2015.WANG Y B.Experimental Guide for Soil Pollution and Ecological Restoration.Wuhu:Anhwei Normal University press,2015.
[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.LU R K.Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analytical Method.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000.
[15]TANHAN P,KRUATRACHUE M,POKETHITIYOOK P,CHAIYARAT R.Uptake and accumulation of cadmium,lead and zinc by Siam weed[Chromolaena odorata(L.)King&Robinson].Chemosphere,2007,68(2):323-329.
[16]MATTINA M I,LANNUCCIBERGER W,MUSANTE C,WHITE J C.Concurrent plant uptake of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants from soil.Environment Pollution,2003,124(3):375-378.
[17]MENG X Y,AI Y W,LI R R,ZHANG W J.Effects of heavy metal pollution on enzyme activities in railway cut slope soils.Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2018,190(4):197.
[18]ZHANG J,YANG S Y,YANG H F,ZHENG L M,YUAN J,ZHOU S B.Comparative study on effects of four energy plants growth on chemical fractions of heavy metals and activity of soil enzymes in copper mine tailings.International Journal of Phytoremediation,2018,20(6):616-623.
[19]WANG Y B,ZHANG L,YAO J,HUANG Y J,YAN M.Accumulation and resistance to copper of two biotypes of Cynodon dactylon.Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2009,82(4):454-459.
[20]王莹雪,彭重华,张丽,卢思维.基于土壤重金属有效态的植物重金属富集特性研究.河南农业科学,2014,43(7):60-63.WANG Y X,PENG Z H,ZHANG L,LU S W.Study on bioaccumulation characteristics of heavy metals in plants based on extractable heavy metals in soil.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2014,43(7):60-63.
[21]魏树和,周启星,王新,曹伟.农田杂草的重金属超积累特性研究.中国环境科学,2004,24(1):106-110.WEI S H,ZHOU Q X,WANG X,CAO W.Studies on the characteristics of heavy metal hyperaccumulation of weeds in farmland.China Environmental Science,2004,24(1):106-110.
[22]李锋民,熊治廷,胡洪营.海州香薷对铜的蓄积及铜的毒性效应.环境科学,2003,24(3):30-34.LI F M,XIONG Z T,HU H Y.Copper toxicity and accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens.Environmental Science,2003,24(3):30-34.
[23]叶文玲,徐晓燕,陈增,董晓玲,王韡,方胜.苏丹草对铜尾矿的适应性研究.环境科学研究,2008,21(6):193-196.YE W L,XU X Y,CHEN Z,DONG X L,WANG W,FANG S.Study on adaptation of Sorghum sudanense(Piper)Stapf to copper tailing.Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(6):193-196.
[24]孙健,铁柏清,钱湛,杨佘维,毛晓茜,赵婷,青山勋,罗荣.重金属单一污染对灯心草生长及重金属积累特性的影响.中国安全生产科学技术,2006,2(1):21-27.SUN J,TIE B Q,QIAN Z,YANG S W,MAO X Q,ZHAO T,ISAO A,LUO R.Effects of Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn and As as single pollution on the growth and heavy metal accumulation character of Juncus effuses.Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2006,2(1):21-27.
[25]MOHITE B V,KOLI S H,NARKHEDE C P,PATIL S N,PATIL S V.Prospective of microbial exopolysaccharide for heavy metal exclusion.Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2017,183(2):582-600.
[2]李希铭,李金波,宋桂龙,李诗刚,濮阳雪华.35份草本植物镉吸收与富集特征比较.草业科学,2018,35(4):760-770.LI X M,LI J B,SONG G L,LI S G,PUYANG X H.Cadmium tolerance and adsorption characteristic of herbaceous plants.Pratacultural Science,2018,35(4):760-770.
[3]王友保,吴亭亭,燕傲蕾,代杰,陶洁敏.镧对铜尾矿区多年生黑麦草铜耐性与积累特性的影响.土壤通报,2012,43(3):731-736.WANG Y B,WU T T,YAN A L,DAI J,TAO J M.Effects of La on tolerance and accumulation of copper of Lolium perenne in copper tailings yard.Chines Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(3):731-736.
[4]TOZSIN G.Inhibition of acid mine drainage and immobilization of heavy metals from copper flotation tailings using a marble cutting waste.International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy,and Materials,2016,23(1):1-6.
[5]徐德聪,孙庆业,沈章军,陈延松.铜尾矿库剑叶金鸡菊根际尾矿和植株的重金属元素含量及相关性分析.植物资源与环境学报,2018,27(1):27-36.XU D C,SUN Q Y,SHEN Z J,CHEN Y S.Analyses on contents of heavy metal elements in rhizosphere tailings and plants of Coreopsis Ianceolata in copper tailings and their correlations.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2018,27(1):27-36.
[6]尚明娟,曹骏,常智慧.污泥对草坪草逆境生理的影响.草业科学,2017,34(8):1591-1600.SHANG M J,CAO J,CHANG Z H.Effect of biosolid on turf grass physiology.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(8):1591-1600.
[7]汪楠楠,胡珊,吴丹,王友保.柠檬酸和EDTA对铜污染土壤环境中吊兰生长的影响.生态学报,2013,33(2):631-639.WANG N N,HU S,WU D,WANG Y B.Effects of CA and EDTA on growth of Chlorophytum comosum in copper-contaminated soil.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(2):631-639.
[8]徐胜,何兴元,陈玮,李建龙,张剑岷.热锻炼对高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)和多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)抗高温能力的影响.生态学报,2008,28(1):162-171.XU S,HE X Y,CHEN W,LI J L,ZHANG J M.Effects of heat acclimation on high-temperature stress resistance and heat-tolerance mechanism of Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(1):162-171.
[9]范燕,闵丹丹,郭正刚,冯葆昌,胡小文.多年生黑麦草种子萌发及苗期耐盐性的比较.草业科学,2017,34(4):724-734.FAN Y,MIN D D,GUO Z G,FENG B C,HU X W.Comparison of the salt tolerance of perennial ryegrass during seed germination and seedling growth.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(4):724-734.
[10]WANG Y B,ZHU C F,YANG H F,ZHANG X W.Phosphate fertilizer affected rhizospheric soils:Speciation of cadmium and phytoremediation by Chlorophytum comosum.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,24(4):3934-3939.
[11]朱成凤.铜胁迫下红花碧桃对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.芜湖:安徽师范大学硕士学位论文,2016.ZHU C F.Effect of aqueous extract of safflower prunuspersica on seeds germination and seedling growth of Lolium perenne under copper stress.Master Thesis.Wuhu:Anhui Normal University,2016.
[12]陈鸣晖,刘大林,张卫红,马晶晶,赵国琦.铜污染土壤中不同多年生黑麦草品种富集效应的评价.草原与草坪,2017,37(6):78-83.CHEN M H,LIU D L,ZHANG W H,MA J J,ZHAO G Q.Evaluation on copper enrichment effect of perennial ryegrasses in copper-contaminated soil.Grassland and Turf,2017,37(6):78-83.
[13]王友保.土壤污染与生态修复实验指导.芜湖:安徽师范大学出版社,2015.WANG Y B.Experimental Guide for Soil Pollution and Ecological Restoration.Wuhu:Anhwei Normal University press,2015.
[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.LU R K.Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analytical Method.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000.
[15]TANHAN P,KRUATRACHUE M,POKETHITIYOOK P,CHAIYARAT R.Uptake and accumulation of cadmium,lead and zinc by Siam weed[Chromolaena odorata(L.)King&Robinson].Chemosphere,2007,68(2):323-329.
[16]MATTINA M I,LANNUCCIBERGER W,MUSANTE C,WHITE J C.Concurrent plant uptake of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants from soil.Environment Pollution,2003,124(3):375-378.
[17]MENG X Y,AI Y W,LI R R,ZHANG W J.Effects of heavy metal pollution on enzyme activities in railway cut slope soils.Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2018,190(4):197.
[18]ZHANG J,YANG S Y,YANG H F,ZHENG L M,YUAN J,ZHOU S B.Comparative study on effects of four energy plants growth on chemical fractions of heavy metals and activity of soil enzymes in copper mine tailings.International Journal of Phytoremediation,2018,20(6):616-623.
[19]WANG Y B,ZHANG L,YAO J,HUANG Y J,YAN M.Accumulation and resistance to copper of two biotypes of Cynodon dactylon.Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2009,82(4):454-459.
[20]王莹雪,彭重华,张丽,卢思维.基于土壤重金属有效态的植物重金属富集特性研究.河南农业科学,2014,43(7):60-63.WANG Y X,PENG Z H,ZHANG L,LU S W.Study on bioaccumulation characteristics of heavy metals in plants based on extractable heavy metals in soil.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2014,43(7):60-63.
[21]魏树和,周启星,王新,曹伟.农田杂草的重金属超积累特性研究.中国环境科学,2004,24(1):106-110.WEI S H,ZHOU Q X,WANG X,CAO W.Studies on the characteristics of heavy metal hyperaccumulation of weeds in farmland.China Environmental Science,2004,24(1):106-110.
[22]李锋民,熊治廷,胡洪营.海州香薷对铜的蓄积及铜的毒性效应.环境科学,2003,24(3):30-34.LI F M,XIONG Z T,HU H Y.Copper toxicity and accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens.Environmental Science,2003,24(3):30-34.
[23]叶文玲,徐晓燕,陈增,董晓玲,王韡,方胜.苏丹草对铜尾矿的适应性研究.环境科学研究,2008,21(6):193-196.YE W L,XU X Y,CHEN Z,DONG X L,WANG W,FANG S.Study on adaptation of Sorghum sudanense(Piper)Stapf to copper tailing.Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(6):193-196.
[24]孙健,铁柏清,钱湛,杨佘维,毛晓茜,赵婷,青山勋,罗荣.重金属单一污染对灯心草生长及重金属积累特性的影响.中国安全生产科学技术,2006,2(1):21-27.SUN J,TIE B Q,QIAN Z,YANG S W,MAO X Q,ZHAO T,ISAO A,LUO R.Effects of Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn and As as single pollution on the growth and heavy metal accumulation character of Juncus effuses.Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2006,2(1):21-27.
[25]MOHITE B V,KOLI S H,NARKHEDE C P,PATIL S N,PATIL S V.Prospective of microbial exopolysaccharide for heavy metal exclusion.Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2017,183(2):582-600.