鄱阳湖流域蒙古鲌群体形态差异研究
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摘要
运用传统形态度量、框架结构形态度量和几何形态学等3种鱼类形态分析方法,结合多变量判别分析、聚类分析和几何形态变形网格图分析,以丹江口水库野生群体作对照,对鄱阳湖流域5个野生群体(南北港群体、新妙湖群体、青岚湖群体、庐山西海群体和章江群体)和1个南昌市养殖群体,共499尾蒙古鲌(Culter mongolicus)样本的形态差异进行了研究。结果显示:通过判别分析,在3种形态分析方法中,几何形态学方法判别正确率最高,达93. 99%。聚类分析显示,南昌市人工繁育养殖群体相对独立,其次为丹江口水库野生群体,鄱阳湖流域5个野生群体聚类在一起,表明南昌市养殖群体与野生群体体侧形态有较大差异,鄱阳湖流域野生群体与丹江口水库野生群体有一定的差异,鄱阳湖流域各地理群体间形态差异相对较小。几何形态变形网格图显示,鄱阳湖野生群体与丹江口水库野生群体、南昌养殖群体间的差异主要在体高和头部区域(特别是颏部),鄱阳湖流域各地理群体形态差异主要在头部(特别是颊部)、躯干部的近背鳍区域和腹部腹缘区域。结合栖息环境条件分析,鄱阳湖流域蒙古鲌各地理群体生活水体小环境的较大差异可能是导致其形态差异的原因。
This research studied morphological differences in 499 specimens of Culter mongolicus from 7 localities,including 5 wild groups from Poyang Lake basin( PYH,consisted of Lake Nanbeigang,Lake Xinmiaohu,Lake Qinglanhu,Reservoir Xihai,River Zhangjiang),1 breeding group from cultural ponds of Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and 1 comparing wild group from Reservoir Danjiangkou. Using three kinds of fish morphological analysis method,including traditional morphometrics( TM),truss-based morphometircs( TBM),and geometric morphometrics( GM),combined with multivariate discriminant analysis,cluster analysis and geometry deformation grid graph analysis to determine the morphometric differentiation. The results showed that geometric morphological method was the best in 3 morphological analysis methods,with an accuracy rate of 93. 99%. Cluster analysis showed that Nanchang artificial breeding group was relatively independent,followed by wild group Danjiangkou reservoir. While 5 wild groups from Poyang Lake basin cluster together,which indicated that Nanchang breeding group had bigger differences in side body shape with wild groups. While wild groups from Poyang lake basin and Danjiangkou reservoir had certain differences. Meanwhile,morphological differences among the groups from different geographical locations in the Poyang lake basin were relatively small. According to the geometry deformation grids,the differences among Poyang lake wild groups,Danjiangkou reservoir,and Nanchang breeding were mainly displayed in the region of the body high and head region,especially in chin. While the geographic population morphological differences among groups from Poyang lake basin mainly displays in the head,particularly in check,the upper part near the dorsal fin and abdominal region near ventral margin in trunk. The large differences in different small environ-ment of Culter mongolicus living waters in Poyang lake basin might be the cause of their morphological differences based on the analysis of habitat environmental conditions.
This research studied morphological differences in 499 specimens of Culter mongolicus from 7 localities,including 5 wild groups from Poyang Lake basin( PYH,consisted of Lake Nanbeigang,Lake Xinmiaohu,Lake Qinglanhu,Reservoir Xihai,River Zhangjiang),1 breeding group from cultural ponds of Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and 1 comparing wild group from Reservoir Danjiangkou. Using three kinds of fish morphological analysis method,including traditional morphometrics( TM),truss-based morphometircs( TBM),and geometric morphometrics( GM),combined with multivariate discriminant analysis,cluster analysis and geometry deformation grid graph analysis to determine the morphometric differentiation. The results showed that geometric morphological method was the best in 3 morphological analysis methods,with an accuracy rate of 93. 99%. Cluster analysis showed that Nanchang artificial breeding group was relatively independent,followed by wild group Danjiangkou reservoir. While 5 wild groups from Poyang Lake basin cluster together,which indicated that Nanchang breeding group had bigger differences in side body shape with wild groups. While wild groups from Poyang lake basin and Danjiangkou reservoir had certain differences. Meanwhile,morphological differences among the groups from different geographical locations in the Poyang lake basin were relatively small. According to the geometry deformation grids,the differences among Poyang lake wild groups,Danjiangkou reservoir,and Nanchang breeding were mainly displayed in the region of the body high and head region,especially in chin. While the geographic population morphological differences among groups from Poyang lake basin mainly displays in the head,particularly in check,the upper part near the dorsal fin and abdominal region near ventral margin in trunk. The large differences in different small environ-ment of Culter mongolicus living waters in Poyang lake basin might be the cause of their morphological differences based on the analysis of habitat environmental conditions.
引文
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[13] Dwivedi A K,Dubey V K. Advancements in morphometrics differentiation:a review on stock identification among fish population[J]. Rev Fish Biol Fisher,2013,23(1):23-39.
[14] Zhang X G,Zhang H,Xiong B X. Subspecies validity for genus Culter(Teleostei:Cyprinidae)based on morphometrics analysis[J]. Environ Biol Fish,2009,86(1):193-201.
[15] Rodriguez-Mendoza R,Munoz M,Saborido-Rey F. Ontogenetic allometry of the bluemouth,Helicolenus dactylopterus dactylopterus(Teleostei:Scorpaenidae),in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean based on geometric morphometrics[J]. Hydrobiologia,2011,670(1):5-22.
[16] Ponton D,Carassou L,Raillard S,et al. Geometric morphometrics as a tool for identifying emperor fish(Lethrinidae)larvae and juveniles[J]. J Fish Biol,2013,83(1):14-27.
[17] Gordeeva N V,Nanova O G. Application of geometric morphometrics for intraspecific variability analysis in mesopelagic fishes of Sternoptychidae and Myetophidae families[J]. J Ichthyol,2017,57(1):29-36.
[18] Ma G C,Tsao H S,Lu H P,et al. AFLPs congruent with morphological differentiation of Asian common minnow Zacco(Pisces:Cyprinidae)in Taiwan[J]. Zool Scr, 2006, 35(4):341-351.
[19]胡玉婷,杨少荣,黎明政,等.鄱阳湖及邻近水系银鲴的种群分化研究[J].四川动物,2012,31(5):696-703.
[20] Simoneau M,Casselman J M,Fortin R. Determining the effect of negative allometry(length/height relationship)on variation in otolith shape in lake trout(Salvelinus namaycush),using Fourierseries analysis[J]. Can J Zool,2011,78(9):1597-1603.
[21] Merigot B,Letourneur Y,Lecomte-Finiger R. Characterization of local populations of the common sole Solea solea(Pisces,Soleidae)in the NW Mediterranean through otolith morphometrics and shape analysis[J]. Mar Biol,2007,151(3):997-1008.
[22] Zanella L N,Defaveri J,Zanfella D,et al. Does predation drive morphological differentiation among Adriatic populations of the three-spined stickleback[J]. Biol J Linn Soc,2015,115(1):219-240.
[23]万安,张晓可,刘志刚,等.大别山区黑沟绿太阳鱼种群的形态特征研究[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(1):194-200.
[24]陈宜瑜.中国动物志.硬骨鱼纲.鲤形目(中卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:182-197.
[25]丁瑞华.红鲌属鱼类一新亚种(鲤形目:鲤科)[J].动物分类学报,1990,15(2):246-250.
[26]何纪昌,刘振华.红鲌属的一新亚种[J].动物学研究,1980,1(4):483-485.
[2]肖慧.江西水域不同群体黄颡鱼形态差异比较及遗传多样性分析[D].南昌:南昌大学,2011:29-30; 42-43.
[3]李芝琴,赵大显,欧阳珊,等. 5种不同体色黄鳝RAPD的初步分析[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),2011,35(1):90-94.
[4]曾柳根,张伟,甘云飞,等.鄱阳湖区泥鳅遗传多样性研究[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(5):967-972.
[5]王伟,陈立侨,顾志敏,等. 7个不同翘嘴红鲌群体的形态差异分析[J].淡水渔业,2007,37(3):40-44.
[6]杨子拓,孙际佳,李桂峰,等.基于线粒体D-Loop基因的珠江翘嘴鲌遗传多样性与遗传分化研究[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2016,55(2):89-96.
[7]胡玉婷,杨少荣,黎明政,等.鄱阳湖及洞庭湖红鳍原鲌的群体分化研究[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(1):13-23.
[8] Wang C,Yu X,Tong J. Microsatellite diversity and population genetic structure of redfin culter(Culter erythropterus)in fragmented lakes of the Yangtze River[J]. Hydrobiologia,2007,586(1):321-329.
[9] Reist J D. An empirical evaluation of several univariate methods that adjust for size variation in morphometric data[J]. Can J Zool,1985,63(6):1429-1439.
[10] Zelditch M L,Swiderski D L,Sheets H D,et al. Geometric morphometrics for biologists:A primer[M]. San Diego:Elsevier Academic Press,2004:113-119.
[11] Rohlf F J. Relationships among eigenshape analysis,fourier analysis,and analysis of coordinates[J]. Math Geol,1986,18(8):845-854.
[12] Adams D C,Rohlf F J,Slice D E. Geometric morphometrics:ten years of progress following the‘Revolution’[J]. Ital J Zool,2004,71(1):5-16.
[13] Dwivedi A K,Dubey V K. Advancements in morphometrics differentiation:a review on stock identification among fish population[J]. Rev Fish Biol Fisher,2013,23(1):23-39.
[14] Zhang X G,Zhang H,Xiong B X. Subspecies validity for genus Culter(Teleostei:Cyprinidae)based on morphometrics analysis[J]. Environ Biol Fish,2009,86(1):193-201.
[15] Rodriguez-Mendoza R,Munoz M,Saborido-Rey F. Ontogenetic allometry of the bluemouth,Helicolenus dactylopterus dactylopterus(Teleostei:Scorpaenidae),in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean based on geometric morphometrics[J]. Hydrobiologia,2011,670(1):5-22.
[16] Ponton D,Carassou L,Raillard S,et al. Geometric morphometrics as a tool for identifying emperor fish(Lethrinidae)larvae and juveniles[J]. J Fish Biol,2013,83(1):14-27.
[17] Gordeeva N V,Nanova O G. Application of geometric morphometrics for intraspecific variability analysis in mesopelagic fishes of Sternoptychidae and Myetophidae families[J]. J Ichthyol,2017,57(1):29-36.
[18] Ma G C,Tsao H S,Lu H P,et al. AFLPs congruent with morphological differentiation of Asian common minnow Zacco(Pisces:Cyprinidae)in Taiwan[J]. Zool Scr, 2006, 35(4):341-351.
[19]胡玉婷,杨少荣,黎明政,等.鄱阳湖及邻近水系银鲴的种群分化研究[J].四川动物,2012,31(5):696-703.
[20] Simoneau M,Casselman J M,Fortin R. Determining the effect of negative allometry(length/height relationship)on variation in otolith shape in lake trout(Salvelinus namaycush),using Fourierseries analysis[J]. Can J Zool,2011,78(9):1597-1603.
[21] Merigot B,Letourneur Y,Lecomte-Finiger R. Characterization of local populations of the common sole Solea solea(Pisces,Soleidae)in the NW Mediterranean through otolith morphometrics and shape analysis[J]. Mar Biol,2007,151(3):997-1008.
[22] Zanella L N,Defaveri J,Zanfella D,et al. Does predation drive morphological differentiation among Adriatic populations of the three-spined stickleback[J]. Biol J Linn Soc,2015,115(1):219-240.
[23]万安,张晓可,刘志刚,等.大别山区黑沟绿太阳鱼种群的形态特征研究[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(1):194-200.
[24]陈宜瑜.中国动物志.硬骨鱼纲.鲤形目(中卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:182-197.
[25]丁瑞华.红鲌属鱼类一新亚种(鲤形目:鲤科)[J].动物分类学报,1990,15(2):246-250.
[26]何纪昌,刘振华.红鲌属的一新亚种[J].动物学研究,1980,1(4):483-485.