河南省淮河流域鳑鲏亚科5种鱼形态差异分析
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摘要
为进一步从可量性状比较中华鳑鲏(Rhodeus sinensis)、越南鱊(Acheilongnathus tonkinensis)、大鳍鱊(A.macropterus)、兴凯鱊(A. chankaensis)和斑条鱊(A. taenianalis)的种间形态差异,丰富鳑鲏亚科鱼类的形态分类特征,研究采用多变量形态度量学方法对河南省淮河流域这5种鱼的形态进行比较分析。结果表明:这5种鱼在体宽/体长、头长/体长、吻长/体长、尾柄长/体长、背鳍基底长/体长、腹鳍长/体长、臀鳍长/体长和头长/吻长8个比值性状上存在极显著性差异(P<0.01),在全长/体长、体高/体长2个比值性状上存在显著性差异(P<0.05),这些差异主要集中在鱼体的头部、尾部和鳍等部位。主成分分析、聚类分析和判别分析显示5种鱼存在显著性形态差异,斑条鱊与越南鱊的差异程度最大,与大鳍鱊差异程度最小。判别分析获得的判别准确率在82.35%—100.00%变化,可以从一定的角度区分这5种鱼。
Different species of Rhodeinae have been wildly distributed across China. Different species have shown very similar morphological characteristics, making their distinguish to be indeed difficult. In order to compare the morphological differences among Rhodeus sinensis, Acheilongnathus tonkinensis, A. macropterus, A. chankaensis and A. taenianalis by the morphometric characteristics, and enrich the classification features, multivariate morphometrics were used to analyze the morphological variations of five Rhodeinae species in Huaihe River Basin(Henan province, China). The results showed that there were significant differences in the body's width/body's length, head's length/body's length,snout's length/body's length, caudal peduncle's length/body's length, dorsal fin base's length/body's length, pectoral fin's length/body's length, pelvic fin's length/body's length, and head's length/snout's length among the five species(P<0.01), and there were significant differences in the total length/body's length and body's height/body's length(P<0.05). Therefore, these differences mainly focus on the head, tail, fin, and so on. Principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and cluster analysis showed that the five species had obvious morphological differences, the most significant difference between A. taenianalis and A. tonkinensis was found, and the most insignificant difference was observed between A. taenianalis and A. macropterus. The discriminant accuracy rate of the five species varied from82.35% to 100%, effectively realizing the distinguish of the five Rhodeinae species.
Different species of Rhodeinae have been wildly distributed across China. Different species have shown very similar morphological characteristics, making their distinguish to be indeed difficult. In order to compare the morphological differences among Rhodeus sinensis, Acheilongnathus tonkinensis, A. macropterus, A. chankaensis and A. taenianalis by the morphometric characteristics, and enrich the classification features, multivariate morphometrics were used to analyze the morphological variations of five Rhodeinae species in Huaihe River Basin(Henan province, China). The results showed that there were significant differences in the body's width/body's length, head's length/body's length,snout's length/body's length, caudal peduncle's length/body's length, dorsal fin base's length/body's length, pectoral fin's length/body's length, pelvic fin's length/body's length, and head's length/snout's length among the five species(P<0.01), and there were significant differences in the total length/body's length and body's height/body's length(P<0.05). Therefore, these differences mainly focus on the head, tail, fin, and so on. Principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and cluster analysis showed that the five species had obvious morphological differences, the most significant difference between A. taenianalis and A. tonkinensis was found, and the most insignificant difference was observed between A. taenianalis and A. macropterus. The discriminant accuracy rate of the five species varied from82.35% to 100%, effectively realizing the distinguish of the five Rhodeinae species.
引文
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[18]Gong X L,Li S F.Comparative descriminate analysis of morphological traits among six eels of Anguilla[J].Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica,2010,35(3):562-567[龚小玲,李思发.鳗鲡属六种鱼类形态判别研究.动物分类学报,2010,35(3):562-567]
[19]Cheng Q Q,Han J D.Morphological variations and discriminant analysis of two populations of Coilia ectenes[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2004,16(4):356-364[程起群,韩金娣.鲚属两种群的形态变异及综合判别.湖泊科学,2004,16(4):356-364]
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[22]Liu J Y,Yang T B.Morphological variations of grey mullet Mugil cephalus in difference geographical populations along China coast[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2009,40(5):572-576[刘建勇,杨廷宝.我国沿海鲻鱼不同地理群体形态差异研究.海洋与湖沼,2009,40(5):572-576]
[23]Yang H R,Ouyang P H,Li G F,et al.Morphological differentiation among three wild populations of Siniperca kneri in Pearl River[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(2):447-457[杨慧荣,欧阳徘徊,李桂峰,等.珠江流域3个野生大眼鳜群体的形态差异.中国水产科学,2016,23(2):447-457]
[24]Hu H Y,Di Y,Zhao Y F,et al.Comparative study on the morphological characteristics of four species of Culter and Culterichthys in Lihu Lake[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2011,26(4):488-494[胡海彦,狄瑜,赵永峰,等.蠡湖4种鲌鱼形态特征的比较研究.云南农业大学学报,2011,26(4):488-494]
[25]Wang Y K.Ichthyological Systematics[M].Beijing:Science and Technology Press.1958,195-210[王以康.鱼类分类学.北京:科技卫生出版社.1958,195-210]
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[27]Lin R D.Rhodeinae Subfamily[A].Chen Y Y.Fauna Sinica,Osteichthyes,Cypriniformes II[M].Beijing:Science Press.1998,444-453[林人端.鳑鲏亚科,陈宜瑜.中国动物志硬骨鱼纲鲤形目(中卷).北京:科学出版社.1998,444-453]
[28]Li G L.Study on classification of the Acheilognathinae in China[C].Contribution from Tianjin Natural History Museum,1990,7:80-83[李国良.中国鳑鲏亚科Acheilognathinae分类的研究.天津自然博物馆论文集,1990,7:80-83]
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