珠江口黑鲷海捕群体与不同养殖群体的形态差异比较
|
摘要
为探明珠江口黑鲷海捕苗种与人工繁殖苗种间的形态差异,作者采用3种多元统计分析和方差分析方法,对采集自珠江口两岸的海捕黑鲷(Acanthopagrusschlegelii)苗种与2个繁殖场的人工繁殖苗种进行形态差异比较,比较了不同样品组的外部形态特征差异。可量性状主成分分析结果表明,前2项主成分的累计贡献率为89.90%,聚类分析结果表明汕头苗场(ST)样品组与另外3个样品组距离最远,判别分析结果同样显示以对该样品组判别准确率最高;可数性状单因素方差分析结果表明,样品组间背鳍鳍条数、鳃耙数、椎骨数存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。主成分分析、聚类分析、判别分析和单因素方差分析从不同角度反映了样品组间的形态差异,各分析方法获得结论基本类似,相互印证。该研究结果显示,采集自不同繁殖场的黑鲷苗种与珠江口海域野生苗种存在一定的形态差异,但没有证据显示这种差异已导致黑鲷野生和养殖群体间明显的形态分化。
To explore the morphological differences of Acanthopagrus schlegelii between the captured samples in Pearl River Estuary and aquatic seedling samples, we statistically compared morphological differences of four A. schlegelii juvenile fish samples between these captured in both sides of the Pearl River Estuary and two aquatic seedling fields in hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, discriminatory analysis, and one-way ANOVA analysis. Principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution of the first 2 principal components was 89.90%. The hierarchical cluster analysis results showed that the most marked morphological differences displayed between group ST(Shantou seedling field) and the other 3 samples. Discriminant analysis results also showed the highest discriminant accuracy rate of group ST(Shantou seedlings field). The results of One-way ANOVA analysis with meristic characters showed that there were significant differences between four groups on dorsal fin spine, girll raler, vete brate(P<0.05). All results of these statistical analyses reveal the morphological differences between the four samples from different aspects, which are similar and corroborated each other. These findings show that there are some morphological variation of A. schlegelii juvenile fish captured from different aquatic seedling field and the uncultivated group. However, no evidence suggests that these difference has led to significant morphological differentiation between the wild and cultured A. schlegelii populations.
To explore the morphological differences of Acanthopagrus schlegelii between the captured samples in Pearl River Estuary and aquatic seedling samples, we statistically compared morphological differences of four A. schlegelii juvenile fish samples between these captured in both sides of the Pearl River Estuary and two aquatic seedling fields in hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, discriminatory analysis, and one-way ANOVA analysis. Principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution of the first 2 principal components was 89.90%. The hierarchical cluster analysis results showed that the most marked morphological differences displayed between group ST(Shantou seedling field) and the other 3 samples. Discriminant analysis results also showed the highest discriminant accuracy rate of group ST(Shantou seedlings field). The results of One-way ANOVA analysis with meristic characters showed that there were significant differences between four groups on dorsal fin spine, girll raler, vete brate(P<0.05). All results of these statistical analyses reveal the morphological differences between the four samples from different aspects, which are similar and corroborated each other. These findings show that there are some morphological variation of A. schlegelii juvenile fish captured from different aquatic seedling field and the uncultivated group. However, no evidence suggests that these difference has led to significant morphological differentiation between the wild and cultured A. schlegelii populations.
引文
[1]明俊超,董在杰,梁政远,等.6个不同鲤群体的形态差异分析[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(6):1-6.Ming Junchao,Dong Zaijie,Liang Zhengyuan,et al.Analysis of morphological variation in six common carp(Cyprinus carpio)populations[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2009,29(6):1-6.
[2]Cadrin S X.Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks[J].Reviews in Fish Biology&Fisheries,2000,10(1):91-112.
[3]Frédérich B,Liu S Y V,Dai C F.Morphological and genetic divergences in a coral reef damselfish,Pomacentrus coelestis[J].Evolutionary Biology,2012,39(3):359-370.
[4]邹琰,李莉,张良,等.山东沿海菲律宾蛤仔不同地理群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].海洋科学,2014,38(2):76-79.Zou Yan,Li Li,Zhang Liang,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity of different geographical popula-tions of Ruditapes philippenarum along the coast of Shandong Province by AFLP markers[J].Marine Sciences,2014,38(2):76-79.
[5]刘建勇,杨廷宝.我国沿海鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)不同地理群体形态差异研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(5):572-576.Liu Jianyong,Yang Yanbao.Morphological variation of grey mullet Mugil cephalus in different geographical populations along China coast[J].Oceanologia&Limnologia Sinica,2009,40(5):572-576.
[6]Cadrin S X.Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks[J].Reviews in Fish Biology&Fisheries,2000,10(1):91-112.
[7]孙诗萌,安百胜,蔡明城,等.大泷六线鱼不同群体的形态差异分析[J].水产学杂志,2015,28(4):6-11.Sun Shimeng,An Baisheng,Cai Mingcheng,et al.Analysis of morphological variation of different populations of fat greenling Hexagrammos otakii[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2015,28(4):6-11.
[8]邱楚雯,王韩信,陈迪虎.台湾泥鳅雌雄形态差异分析[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(5):87-91.Qiu Chuwen,Wang Hanxin,Chen Dihu.Morphological differentiation and sexual identification of male and female Paramisgumus dabryanus ssp.[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(5):87-91.
[9]韩真,肖永双,高天翔.中国近海9个小黄鱼群体的形态学比较研究[J].南方水产科学,2012,8(3):25-33.Han Zhen,Xiao Yongshuang,Gao Tianxiang.Comparison of morphological characteristics of 9 Larimichthys polyactis populations in China[J].South China Fisheries Science,2012,8(3):25-33.
[10]蔡晓鹏,游欣欣,曾凡荣,等.中国沿海日本囊对虾5个地理群体间形态差异比较分析[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(3):478-486.Cai Xiaopeng,You Xinxin,Zeng Fanrong,et al.Analysis on morphological variations among five populations of Marsupenaeus japonicus from coastal areas of China[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(3):478-486.
[11]刘岩,孙典荣,耿倩,等.茜素红与钙黄绿素标记不同规格黑鲷幼鱼的比较研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(6):17-24.Liu Yan,Sun Dianrong,Geng Qian,et al.Comparative study on immersion marking with alizarin red S and calcein for black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegelii of different sizes[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(6):17-24.
[12]陈丕茂.广东人工鱼礁区增殖放流种类初探[J].南方水产,2005,1(1):11-20.Chen Pimao.Discussion on enhancement species of artificial reefs area of Guangdong[J].South China Fisheries Science,2005,1(1):11-20.
[13]陈丕茂,袁华荣,贾晓平,等.大亚湾杨梅坑人工鱼礁区渔业资源变动初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):100-108.Chen Pimao,Yuan Huarong,Jia Xiaoping,et al.Changes in fishery resources of Yangmeikeng artificial reef area in Daya Bay[J].South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(5):100-108.
[14]程家骅,姜亚洲.海洋生物资源增殖放流回顾与展望[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(3):610-617.Cheng Jiahua,Jiang Yazhou.Marine stock enhancement:Review and prospect[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(3):610-617.
[15]刘汉生,易祖盛,梁健宏,等.唐鱼野生种群和养殖群体的形态差异分析[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学与医学版),2008,29(3):295-299.Liu Hansheng,Yi Zusheng,Liang Jianhong,et al.Morphological variations between the wild population and hatchery stock of Tanichtys albonubes[J].Journal of Jinan University(Natural Science&Medicine Edition),2008,29(3):295-299.
[16]郑宽宽,何杰,苏志星,等.野生和养殖三疣梭子蟹雌蟹形态学的比较研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2017,36(2):103-108.Zheng Kuankuan,He Jie,Su Zhixing,et al.The comparative study of morphology between wild-caught and pond-reared Portunus trituberculatus females[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2017,36(2):103-108.
[17]赵林林.两种海洋鱼类的遗传多样性及基于线粒体基因组的石首鱼科系统发育研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015:77-113.Zhao Linlin.Genetic diversity of two marine fishes and phylogeny of sciaenidae based on mitochondrial genome[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2015:77-113.
[18]马爱军,王新安,孙志宾,等.红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)三个不同群体的形态差异分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):166-172.Ma Aijun,Wang Xinan,Sun Zhibin,et al.Morphological variations among three different populations of Takifugu rubripes[J].Oceanologia&Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(1):166-172.
[19]赵爽,章群,乐小亮,等.中国近海5个黑鲷地理群体的遗传变异[J].海洋科学,2010,34(2):75-79.Zhao Shuang,Zhang Qun,Le Xiaoliang,et al.Genetic variation among 5 stocks of Acanthopagrus schlegeli in China’s coastal waters[J].Marine Sciences,2010,34(2):75-79.
[20]Mamuris Z,Apostolidis P,Panagiotaki P,et al.Morphological variation between red mullet populations in Greece[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1998,52(1):107-117.
[21]Li S F,Wang C H,Cheng Q Q.Morphological variations and phylogenesis of four strains in Cyprinus carpio[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2005,29(5):606-611.
[22]王新安,马爱军,陈超,等.七带石斑鱼(Epinephelus septemfasciatus)两个野生群体形态差异分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2008,39(6):655-660.Wang Xinan,Ma Aijun,Chen Chao,et al.Morphological variation in two wild populations of sevenband grouper(Epinephelus septemfasciatus)[J].Oceanologia&Limnologia Sinica,2008,39(6):655-660.
[23]Arechavala-Lopez P,Sanchez-Jerez P,Bayle-Sempere J T,et al.Morphological differences between wild and farmed Mediterranean fish[J].Hydrobiologia,2012,679(1):217-231.
[24]Lenhardt M,Jaric′I,Cvijanovic′G,et al.Comparison of morphological characters between wild and cultured sterlet(Acipenser ruthenus L.)[J].Slovenian Veterinary Research,2012,49(4):177-184.
[25]王映,柯巧珍,刘家富,等.大黄鱼养殖群体和野生群体形态、鳞片及耳石特征比较[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(2):149-156.Wang Ying,Ke Qiaozhen,Liu Jiafu,et al.Comparison on morphology,scales and otolith characteristics between cultured stock and wild stock of Larimichthys crocea[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(2):149-156.
[26]吕红健.许氏平鲉和褐牙鲆标志技术与标志放流追踪评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013:67-83.LüHongjian.Experimental studies of marking techniques and mark-recapture for juvenile black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii)and Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013:67-83.
[27]聂永康,陈丕茂,周艳波,等.水生生物增殖放流生态风险评价研究进展[J].生态科学,2017,36(4):236-243.Nie Yongkang,Chen Pimao,Zhou Yanbo,et al.Advances in ecological risk assessment of aquatic organism enhancement[J].Ecological Science,2017,36(4):236-243.
[28]祁剑飞,曾志南,宁岳,等.底栖动物增殖放流生态风险评价[J].水产学报,2016,40(7):1099-1105.Qi Jianfei,Zeng Zhinan,Ning Yue,et al.Construction of ecological risk assessment system for stock enhancement in zoobenthos[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(7):1099-1105.
[29]罗刚,庄平,赵峰,等.我国水生生物增殖放流物种选择发展现状、存在问题及对策[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(5):551-560.Luo Gang,Zhuang Ping,Zhao Feng,et al.Development status,existing issues and countermeasure in the selection of suitable species for stock enhancement[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(5):551-560.
[30]潘勇,殷守仁,贾丽.鱼类入侵的生态效应及管理策略[J].北京农业,2009,33:30-35.Pan Yong,Yin Shouren,Jia Li.Ecological effects of invasive fish species and management Strategy[J].Beijing Agriculture,2009,33:30-35.
[2]Cadrin S X.Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks[J].Reviews in Fish Biology&Fisheries,2000,10(1):91-112.
[3]Frédérich B,Liu S Y V,Dai C F.Morphological and genetic divergences in a coral reef damselfish,Pomacentrus coelestis[J].Evolutionary Biology,2012,39(3):359-370.
[4]邹琰,李莉,张良,等.山东沿海菲律宾蛤仔不同地理群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].海洋科学,2014,38(2):76-79.Zou Yan,Li Li,Zhang Liang,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity of different geographical popula-tions of Ruditapes philippenarum along the coast of Shandong Province by AFLP markers[J].Marine Sciences,2014,38(2):76-79.
[5]刘建勇,杨廷宝.我国沿海鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)不同地理群体形态差异研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(5):572-576.Liu Jianyong,Yang Yanbao.Morphological variation of grey mullet Mugil cephalus in different geographical populations along China coast[J].Oceanologia&Limnologia Sinica,2009,40(5):572-576.
[6]Cadrin S X.Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks[J].Reviews in Fish Biology&Fisheries,2000,10(1):91-112.
[7]孙诗萌,安百胜,蔡明城,等.大泷六线鱼不同群体的形态差异分析[J].水产学杂志,2015,28(4):6-11.Sun Shimeng,An Baisheng,Cai Mingcheng,et al.Analysis of morphological variation of different populations of fat greenling Hexagrammos otakii[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2015,28(4):6-11.
[8]邱楚雯,王韩信,陈迪虎.台湾泥鳅雌雄形态差异分析[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(5):87-91.Qiu Chuwen,Wang Hanxin,Chen Dihu.Morphological differentiation and sexual identification of male and female Paramisgumus dabryanus ssp.[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(5):87-91.
[9]韩真,肖永双,高天翔.中国近海9个小黄鱼群体的形态学比较研究[J].南方水产科学,2012,8(3):25-33.Han Zhen,Xiao Yongshuang,Gao Tianxiang.Comparison of morphological characteristics of 9 Larimichthys polyactis populations in China[J].South China Fisheries Science,2012,8(3):25-33.
[10]蔡晓鹏,游欣欣,曾凡荣,等.中国沿海日本囊对虾5个地理群体间形态差异比较分析[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(3):478-486.Cai Xiaopeng,You Xinxin,Zeng Fanrong,et al.Analysis on morphological variations among five populations of Marsupenaeus japonicus from coastal areas of China[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(3):478-486.
[11]刘岩,孙典荣,耿倩,等.茜素红与钙黄绿素标记不同规格黑鲷幼鱼的比较研究[J].南方水产科学,2016,12(6):17-24.Liu Yan,Sun Dianrong,Geng Qian,et al.Comparative study on immersion marking with alizarin red S and calcein for black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegelii of different sizes[J].South China Fisheries Science,2016,12(6):17-24.
[12]陈丕茂.广东人工鱼礁区增殖放流种类初探[J].南方水产,2005,1(1):11-20.Chen Pimao.Discussion on enhancement species of artificial reefs area of Guangdong[J].South China Fisheries Science,2005,1(1):11-20.
[13]陈丕茂,袁华荣,贾晓平,等.大亚湾杨梅坑人工鱼礁区渔业资源变动初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):100-108.Chen Pimao,Yuan Huarong,Jia Xiaoping,et al.Changes in fishery resources of Yangmeikeng artificial reef area in Daya Bay[J].South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(5):100-108.
[14]程家骅,姜亚洲.海洋生物资源增殖放流回顾与展望[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(3):610-617.Cheng Jiahua,Jiang Yazhou.Marine stock enhancement:Review and prospect[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(3):610-617.
[15]刘汉生,易祖盛,梁健宏,等.唐鱼野生种群和养殖群体的形态差异分析[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学与医学版),2008,29(3):295-299.Liu Hansheng,Yi Zusheng,Liang Jianhong,et al.Morphological variations between the wild population and hatchery stock of Tanichtys albonubes[J].Journal of Jinan University(Natural Science&Medicine Edition),2008,29(3):295-299.
[16]郑宽宽,何杰,苏志星,等.野生和养殖三疣梭子蟹雌蟹形态学的比较研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2017,36(2):103-108.Zheng Kuankuan,He Jie,Su Zhixing,et al.The comparative study of morphology between wild-caught and pond-reared Portunus trituberculatus females[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2017,36(2):103-108.
[17]赵林林.两种海洋鱼类的遗传多样性及基于线粒体基因组的石首鱼科系统发育研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015:77-113.Zhao Linlin.Genetic diversity of two marine fishes and phylogeny of sciaenidae based on mitochondrial genome[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2015:77-113.
[18]马爱军,王新安,孙志宾,等.红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)三个不同群体的形态差异分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):166-172.Ma Aijun,Wang Xinan,Sun Zhibin,et al.Morphological variations among three different populations of Takifugu rubripes[J].Oceanologia&Limnologia Sinica,2016,47(1):166-172.
[19]赵爽,章群,乐小亮,等.中国近海5个黑鲷地理群体的遗传变异[J].海洋科学,2010,34(2):75-79.Zhao Shuang,Zhang Qun,Le Xiaoliang,et al.Genetic variation among 5 stocks of Acanthopagrus schlegeli in China’s coastal waters[J].Marine Sciences,2010,34(2):75-79.
[20]Mamuris Z,Apostolidis P,Panagiotaki P,et al.Morphological variation between red mullet populations in Greece[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1998,52(1):107-117.
[21]Li S F,Wang C H,Cheng Q Q.Morphological variations and phylogenesis of four strains in Cyprinus carpio[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2005,29(5):606-611.
[22]王新安,马爱军,陈超,等.七带石斑鱼(Epinephelus septemfasciatus)两个野生群体形态差异分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2008,39(6):655-660.Wang Xinan,Ma Aijun,Chen Chao,et al.Morphological variation in two wild populations of sevenband grouper(Epinephelus septemfasciatus)[J].Oceanologia&Limnologia Sinica,2008,39(6):655-660.
[23]Arechavala-Lopez P,Sanchez-Jerez P,Bayle-Sempere J T,et al.Morphological differences between wild and farmed Mediterranean fish[J].Hydrobiologia,2012,679(1):217-231.
[24]Lenhardt M,Jaric′I,Cvijanovic′G,et al.Comparison of morphological characters between wild and cultured sterlet(Acipenser ruthenus L.)[J].Slovenian Veterinary Research,2012,49(4):177-184.
[25]王映,柯巧珍,刘家富,等.大黄鱼养殖群体和野生群体形态、鳞片及耳石特征比较[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(2):149-156.Wang Ying,Ke Qiaozhen,Liu Jiafu,et al.Comparison on morphology,scales and otolith characteristics between cultured stock and wild stock of Larimichthys crocea[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(2):149-156.
[26]吕红健.许氏平鲉和褐牙鲆标志技术与标志放流追踪评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013:67-83.LüHongjian.Experimental studies of marking techniques and mark-recapture for juvenile black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii)and Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2013:67-83.
[27]聂永康,陈丕茂,周艳波,等.水生生物增殖放流生态风险评价研究进展[J].生态科学,2017,36(4):236-243.Nie Yongkang,Chen Pimao,Zhou Yanbo,et al.Advances in ecological risk assessment of aquatic organism enhancement[J].Ecological Science,2017,36(4):236-243.
[28]祁剑飞,曾志南,宁岳,等.底栖动物增殖放流生态风险评价[J].水产学报,2016,40(7):1099-1105.Qi Jianfei,Zeng Zhinan,Ning Yue,et al.Construction of ecological risk assessment system for stock enhancement in zoobenthos[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2016,40(7):1099-1105.
[29]罗刚,庄平,赵峰,等.我国水生生物增殖放流物种选择发展现状、存在问题及对策[J].海洋渔业,2016,38(5):551-560.Luo Gang,Zhuang Ping,Zhao Feng,et al.Development status,existing issues and countermeasure in the selection of suitable species for stock enhancement[J].Marine Fisheries,2016,38(5):551-560.
[30]潘勇,殷守仁,贾丽.鱼类入侵的生态效应及管理策略[J].北京农业,2009,33:30-35.Pan Yong,Yin Shouren,Jia Li.Ecological effects of invasive fish species and management Strategy[J].Beijing Agriculture,2009,33:30-35.