山西汾阳地区层状云和对流云降水雨滴谱特征
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摘要
基于多普勒天气雷达和OTT Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪资料对山西汾阳地区2次降水进行分析,对比对流云和层状云降水的雨滴谱特征。结果表明:层状云降水雨滴平均数浓度和雨强分别为286.20个·m~(-3)和1.33 mm·h~(-1),对流云降水雨滴平均数浓度和雨强分别为516.13个·m~(-3)和10.17 mm·h~(-1);对流云降水雨强主要由降水粒子数浓度决定,直径为1—2 mm的粒子对2种云系雨强贡献最大;2种云系不同雨强下雨滴谱分布和雨滴平均谱分布均呈单峰型,对流云降水雨滴平均谱宽大于层状云降水雨滴平均谱宽,Gamma分布对2种云系降水平均谱拟合均存在一定偏差;通过雨滴谱计算的雷达反射率因子估算降水会造成对降水的低估。
Based on the Doppler radar data and raindrop size distribution from OTT Parsivel laser raindrop spectrometer, the characteristics of raindrop size distribution of convective and stratiform cloud precipitation in Fenyang of Shanxi Province were compared. The results show that the average values of the number concentration and rainfall intensity during the stratiform cloud precipitation process were 286. 20 m~(-3)and 1. 33 mm · h~(-1),respectively,for the convective cloud precipitation process,they were516. 13 m~(-3)and 10. 17 mm·h~(-1). The rainfall intensity during the convective cloud precipitation process was mainly determined by the number concentration,and particles with diameter from 1 to 2 mm had largest contribution to rainfall intensity for two precipitation processes. The raindrop size distributions for convective and stratiform cloud precipitation processes presented unimodal type. The size width of raindrop during the stratiform cloud precipitation process was narrow while for the convective cloud precipitation process it was wide. Certain deviations existed in fittings of average size distribution of raindrop during convective and stratiform cloud precipitation processes by using Gamma distribution. The radar reflectivity factor( Z) calculated by raindrop size distribution undervalued the precipitation.
Based on the Doppler radar data and raindrop size distribution from OTT Parsivel laser raindrop spectrometer, the characteristics of raindrop size distribution of convective and stratiform cloud precipitation in Fenyang of Shanxi Province were compared. The results show that the average values of the number concentration and rainfall intensity during the stratiform cloud precipitation process were 286. 20 m~(-3)and 1. 33 mm · h~(-1),respectively,for the convective cloud precipitation process,they were516. 13 m~(-3)and 10. 17 mm·h~(-1). The rainfall intensity during the convective cloud precipitation process was mainly determined by the number concentration,and particles with diameter from 1 to 2 mm had largest contribution to rainfall intensity for two precipitation processes. The raindrop size distributions for convective and stratiform cloud precipitation processes presented unimodal type. The size width of raindrop during the stratiform cloud precipitation process was narrow while for the convective cloud precipitation process it was wide. Certain deviations existed in fittings of average size distribution of raindrop during convective and stratiform cloud precipitation processes by using Gamma distribution. The radar reflectivity factor( Z) calculated by raindrop size distribution undervalued the precipitation.
引文
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[16]李德俊,唐仁茂,江鸿,等.武汉一次对流云火箭人工增雨作业的综合观测分析[J].干旱气象,2016,34(2):362-369.
[17]周黎明,王庆,龚佃利,等.2015年春季山东一场转折性降水微物理特征分析[J].干旱气象,2016,34(4):678-684.
[18]周嵬,吴宏议,田海军.基于微波辐射计资料浅析对流降水云内与环境温差[J].干旱气象,2011,29(1):10-16.
[2]樊玲,袁成,张云峰.哈尔滨地区层状云降水微物理特征[J].气象,2011,27(12):42-46.
[3]Battaglia A,Rustemeier E,Tokay A,et al.Parsivel snow observations:A critical assessment[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2010,27(2):333-344.
[4]胡子浩,濮江平,张欢,等.Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪观测较强降水的可行性分析和建议[J].气象科学,2014,34(1):25-31.
[5]王可法,张卉慧,张伟,等.Parsivel激光雨滴谱仪观测降水中异常数据的判别及处理[J].气象科学,2011,31(6):732-736.
[6]Sauvageot H,Lacau J.The shape of averaged drop size distributions[J].Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1995,52(4):1070-1083.
[7]Atlas D,Carlton W,Ulbrich.An observationally based conceptual model of warm oceanic convective rain in the tropics[J].Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology,2000,39(12):2165-2181.
[8]Mario M,Frank S M,Gianfranco V.Analysis and Synthesis of Raindrop Size Distribution Time Series From Disdrometer Data[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2008,46(2):466-478.
[9]陈万奎,严采蘩.雨滴谱及其特征值水平分布的个例分析[J].气象,1988,14(1):8-11.
[10]胡子浩,濮江平,张欢,等.庐山地区层状云和对流云降水特征对比分析[J].气象与环境科学,2013,36(4):43-49.
[11]刘红燕,雷恒池.基于地面雨滴谱资料分析层状云和对流云降水的特征[J].大气科学,2006,30(4):693-702.
[12]Chen B,Yang J,Pu J.Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution in the Meiyu Season Observed in Eastern China[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,2013,91(2):215-227.
[13]陈宝君,李子华,刘吉成.三类降水云雨滴谱分布模式[J].气象学报,1998,56(4):506-512.
[14]宫福久,刘吉成,李子华.三类降水云雨滴谱特征研究[J].大气科学,1997,21(5):607-614.
[15]Zhang G,Vivekananda J,Brandes E W.The shape-slope relation in observed gamma raindrop size distributions:Statistical error or useful information[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2003,20(8):1106-1119.
[16]李德俊,唐仁茂,江鸿,等.武汉一次对流云火箭人工增雨作业的综合观测分析[J].干旱气象,2016,34(2):362-369.
[17]周黎明,王庆,龚佃利,等.2015年春季山东一场转折性降水微物理特征分析[J].干旱气象,2016,34(4):678-684.
[18]周嵬,吴宏议,田海军.基于微波辐射计资料浅析对流降水云内与环境温差[J].干旱气象,2011,29(1):10-16.