照料孙子女对城市第一代老年独生子女父母养老支持的影响
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摘要
利用中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所2015年城市独生子女家庭状况调查数据,考察城市第一代老年独生子女父母照料孙子女的状况,以及照料孙子女对老年独生子女父母养老支持的影响。研究发现,85%以上的城市第一代独生子女父母帮助照料过孙子女,孙子女成长过程中独生子女与父母同住状况具有明显差异。多数独生子女给予父母养老支持,照料过孙子女的独生子女父母得到了相对更多的家务支持;老年父母照料孙子女更多地惠及独生子女。在老年父母的家庭养老需求较低时,照料孙子女主要体现着父母的"利他性";而在父母的养老需求上升时,父母的养老需求的满足则取决于子女所拥有的经济和时间等资源。
Using data on the only-child families in urban China in 2015 conducted by Institute of Population and Labor Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the status of care for grandchild proviede by the first-generation only-child parents in urban China and its effects on the support for the elderly are analyzed. The results show that over 85% of the only-child parents have cared for their grandchild. Most only-children provide supports for their elderly parents. There are significant differences in the living arrangement of only-child and his/her parents. Care for grandchildren contributes to increase housekeeping support for the elderly provided by the only-child. Only-children are the main beneficiaries in the intergenerational support of care for grandchildren provided by the elderly. When the elderly parents' have little need of the elderly support, care for grandchildren shows more "altruism"; when the elderly parents' needs rise, the satisfaction of the parent's needs depend on the resources, such as time and money, owned by only-child.
Using data on the only-child families in urban China in 2015 conducted by Institute of Population and Labor Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the status of care for grandchild proviede by the first-generation only-child parents in urban China and its effects on the support for the elderly are analyzed. The results show that over 85% of the only-child parents have cared for their grandchild. Most only-children provide supports for their elderly parents. There are significant differences in the living arrangement of only-child and his/her parents. Care for grandchildren contributes to increase housekeeping support for the elderly provided by the only-child. Only-children are the main beneficiaries in the intergenerational support of care for grandchildren provided by the elderly. When the elderly parents' have little need of the elderly support, care for grandchildren shows more "altruism"; when the elderly parents' needs rise, the satisfaction of the parent's needs depend on the resources, such as time and money, owned by only-child.
引文
(1)杨书章、郭震威:《中国独生子女现状及其对未来人口发展的影响》,《市场与人口分析》2000年第4期。
(2)王跃生:《中国家庭代际关系的理论分析》,《人口研究》2008年第4期。
(1)Carme Triadó, Feliciano Villar, Montserrat Celdrán & Carme Solé, “Grandparents Who Provide Auxiliary Care for Their Grandchildren: Satisfaction, Difficulties, and Impact on Their Health and Well-being”, Journal of Intergenerational Relationships,Vol. 2, No. 12, 2014, pp. 113-127.
(2)李芬、风笑天:《照料“第二个”孙子女?——城市老人的照顾意愿及其影响因素研究》,《人口与发展》2016年第4期。
(3)Pei-Chun Ko,Karsten Hank, “Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren in China and Korea: Findings from Charls and Klosa”, Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 69, 2014, pp. 646–651.
(4)张文娟、李树茁:《农村老年人家庭代际支持研究——运用指数混合模型验证合作群体理论》,《统计研究》2004年第5期;Lee, Y. J., W.L. Parish, and R.J. Willis, “Sons, Daughters, and Intergenerational Support for the Elderly in Taiwan”, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 4, No. 99, 1994, pp. 1010-1041.
(5)宋璐、李树茁:《照料留守孙子女对农村老年人养老支持的影响研究》,《人口学刊》2010年第2期; Cong, Z., Silverstein, M., “Intergenerational Time-for-money Exchanges in Rural China: Does Reciprocity Reduce Depressive Symptoms of Older Grandparents?”, Research in Human Development, No. 5, 2008, pp. 6–25.
(6)杨善华、贺常梅:《责任伦理与城市居民的家庭养老——以“北京市老年人需求调查”为例》,《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004年第1期。
(7)李芬、风笑天:《照料“第二个”孙子女?——城市老人的照顾意愿及其影响因素研究》,《人口与发展》2016年第4期; 孙鹃娟、张航空:《中国老年人照顾孙子女的状况及影响因素分析》,《人口与经济》2013年第4期。
(8)宋璐、李树茁:《照料留守孙子女对农村老年人养老支持的影响研究》,《人口学刊》2010年第2期; 田青、郭汝元、高铁梅:《中国家庭代际财富转移的现状与影响因素——基于CHARLS数据的实证研究》,《吉林大学社会科学学报》2016年第4期。
(9)李芬、风笑天:《照料“第二个”孙子女?——城市老人的照顾意愿及其影响因素研究》,《人口与发展》2016年第4期; 孙鹃娟、张航空:《中国老年人照顾孙子女的状况及影响因素分析》,《人口与经济》2013年第4期。
(10)鄢盛明、陈皆明、杨善华:《居住安排对子女赡养行为的影响》,《中国社会科学》2001年第1期。
(11)Xu, Y., “Family Support for Old People in Rural China”, Social Policy and Administration, No. 35, 2001, pp. 307-320.
(12)H. A. Euler, S. Hoier, & P. A. Rohde, “Relationship-Specific Closeness of Intergenerational Family Ties: Findings from Evolutionary Psychology and Implications for Models of Cultural Transmission”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, No. 32, 2001,pp.147-158.
(2)王跃生:《中国家庭代际关系的理论分析》,《人口研究》2008年第4期。
(1)Carme Triadó, Feliciano Villar, Montserrat Celdrán & Carme Solé, “Grandparents Who Provide Auxiliary Care for Their Grandchildren: Satisfaction, Difficulties, and Impact on Their Health and Well-being”, Journal of Intergenerational Relationships,Vol. 2, No. 12, 2014, pp. 113-127.
(2)李芬、风笑天:《照料“第二个”孙子女?——城市老人的照顾意愿及其影响因素研究》,《人口与发展》2016年第4期。
(3)Pei-Chun Ko,Karsten Hank, “Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren in China and Korea: Findings from Charls and Klosa”, Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 69, 2014, pp. 646–651.
(4)张文娟、李树茁:《农村老年人家庭代际支持研究——运用指数混合模型验证合作群体理论》,《统计研究》2004年第5期;Lee, Y. J., W.L. Parish, and R.J. Willis, “Sons, Daughters, and Intergenerational Support for the Elderly in Taiwan”, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 4, No. 99, 1994, pp. 1010-1041.
(5)宋璐、李树茁:《照料留守孙子女对农村老年人养老支持的影响研究》,《人口学刊》2010年第2期; Cong, Z., Silverstein, M., “Intergenerational Time-for-money Exchanges in Rural China: Does Reciprocity Reduce Depressive Symptoms of Older Grandparents?”, Research in Human Development, No. 5, 2008, pp. 6–25.
(6)杨善华、贺常梅:《责任伦理与城市居民的家庭养老——以“北京市老年人需求调查”为例》,《北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004年第1期。
(7)李芬、风笑天:《照料“第二个”孙子女?——城市老人的照顾意愿及其影响因素研究》,《人口与发展》2016年第4期; 孙鹃娟、张航空:《中国老年人照顾孙子女的状况及影响因素分析》,《人口与经济》2013年第4期。
(8)宋璐、李树茁:《照料留守孙子女对农村老年人养老支持的影响研究》,《人口学刊》2010年第2期; 田青、郭汝元、高铁梅:《中国家庭代际财富转移的现状与影响因素——基于CHARLS数据的实证研究》,《吉林大学社会科学学报》2016年第4期。
(9)李芬、风笑天:《照料“第二个”孙子女?——城市老人的照顾意愿及其影响因素研究》,《人口与发展》2016年第4期; 孙鹃娟、张航空:《中国老年人照顾孙子女的状况及影响因素分析》,《人口与经济》2013年第4期。
(10)鄢盛明、陈皆明、杨善华:《居住安排对子女赡养行为的影响》,《中国社会科学》2001年第1期。
(11)Xu, Y., “Family Support for Old People in Rural China”, Social Policy and Administration, No. 35, 2001, pp. 307-320.
(12)H. A. Euler, S. Hoier, & P. A. Rohde, “Relationship-Specific Closeness of Intergenerational Family Ties: Findings from Evolutionary Psychology and Implications for Models of Cultural Transmission”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, No. 32, 2001,pp.147-158.