玉米杂交种及其亲本根伤流强度与地上部生物量的关系
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摘要
为了玉米高产高效栽培及杂种优势合理利用,采用吉林省主栽品种先玉335、良玉99、天农9以及相应的亲本,在相同条件下种植,于拔节期、大喇叭口期、吐丝期、灌浆期、乳熟期、蜡熟期分别取样并测定伤流及生物量,分析了玉米杂交种及其亲本根伤流强度与地上部生物量的关系。结果表明:杂交种在地上部各器官生物量方面具有明显的杂种优势,且单株干重增长率在拔节期最高,穗重增长率在灌浆期最高。杂交种与亲本在各时期各部分的生物量均呈显著或极显著差异。昼夜伤流强度的杂种优势率均在蜡熟期有最大值,伤流强度日变化在拔节期呈"早晚高、中午低"的变化,在灌浆期处于较为稳定的变化,在成熟期随时间推进呈现下降趋势。杂交种及其亲本的昼伤流强度在拔节期达到最大值,随后迅速下降,再缓慢升高到灌浆期达到另一个峰值;夜伤流强度在吐丝期、灌浆期、乳熟期保持较高水平。杂交种的生物量和伤流强度均大于其亲本,各时期均达到显著或极显著水平,各时期昼夜伤流强度与地上部生物量相关分析表明,伤流强度与地上部生物量均呈正相关,亲本昼夜伤流强度与地上部各器官生物量在吐丝期、灌浆期、乳熟期均呈显著正相关,而杂交种只在吐丝期呈显著正相关。
For high yield and high efficiency cultivation of maize and rational utilization of heterosis,the main varieties of Jilin province Xianyu 335,Liangyu 99,Tiannong 9 and their corresponding parents were planted as test materials under the same conditions to analyze the relationship between root bleeding intensity and aboveground biomass of maize hybrids and their parents,sampling and measuring bleeding quantity and biomass respectively at jointing stage,large trumpet stage,silking stage,grain filling stage,milk stage and dough stage. The results show that the hybrids had obvious heterosis in the aboveground biomass,the growth rate of dry weight per plant was the highest at jointing stage,and the growth rate of panicle weight was the highest at grain filling stage. There were significant or extremely significant differences in the biomass of the hybrids and their parents at eachstage. The heterosis rates of day and night bleeding intensity had the highest value at dough stage,and the diurnal variation of bleeding intensity was "high in the morning and in the evening and low at noon"at jointing stage,and it decreased as time went on mature stage. The daily bleeding intensity of hybrids and their parents reached the maximum at jointing stage,then decreased rapidly,and then slowly increased to another peak around the grain filling stage,while nighttime bleeding intensity remained high at silking stage,grain filling stage and milk stage. The biomass and bleeding intensity of the hybrids were significantly higher than those of their parents,and all of them reached significant or extremely significant levels. The correlation between daytime and nighttime bleeding intensity and aboveground biomass showed that there was a positive correlation,and there was a close relationship between the daytime and nighttime bleeding intensity of the parents and the biomass of the aboveground organs at silking stage,filling stage and milk stage,while hybrids were closely related at silking stage.
For high yield and high efficiency cultivation of maize and rational utilization of heterosis,the main varieties of Jilin province Xianyu 335,Liangyu 99,Tiannong 9 and their corresponding parents were planted as test materials under the same conditions to analyze the relationship between root bleeding intensity and aboveground biomass of maize hybrids and their parents,sampling and measuring bleeding quantity and biomass respectively at jointing stage,large trumpet stage,silking stage,grain filling stage,milk stage and dough stage. The results show that the hybrids had obvious heterosis in the aboveground biomass,the growth rate of dry weight per plant was the highest at jointing stage,and the growth rate of panicle weight was the highest at grain filling stage. There were significant or extremely significant differences in the biomass of the hybrids and their parents at eachstage. The heterosis rates of day and night bleeding intensity had the highest value at dough stage,and the diurnal variation of bleeding intensity was "high in the morning and in the evening and low at noon"at jointing stage,and it decreased as time went on mature stage. The daily bleeding intensity of hybrids and their parents reached the maximum at jointing stage,then decreased rapidly,and then slowly increased to another peak around the grain filling stage,while nighttime bleeding intensity remained high at silking stage,grain filling stage and milk stage. The biomass and bleeding intensity of the hybrids were significantly higher than those of their parents,and all of them reached significant or extremely significant levels. The correlation between daytime and nighttime bleeding intensity and aboveground biomass showed that there was a positive correlation,and there was a close relationship between the daytime and nighttime bleeding intensity of the parents and the biomass of the aboveground organs at silking stage,filling stage and milk stage,while hybrids were closely related at silking stage.
引文
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[11]李凤海.杂交当代玉米杂交效应初探[J].辽宁农业科学,1999(2):36-42.
[12]关淑艳,董昭旭,李晖,等.生物技术在玉米育种的应用[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(2):127-137.
[13]任雪娇,杨巍,慈佳宾,等.基于玉米DH育种技术的“吉农玉833”选育报告[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(4):500-504.
[14]吕忠庶.杂种优势的生理生化基础[J].兰州大学学报,1977(3):66-81.
[15]张野,孙贵星,杨巍,等.玉米Mo17及其改良系单株产量遗传研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(3):265-270.
[16]张喜华,史振声.玉米杂交F_0代的生化分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1994(2):145-148.
[17]王振华,王懿波,王永普,等.普通玉米主要品质性状的杂种优势及其相关性分析[J].河南农业科学,1998,(2):4-7.
[18]杨巍,李玲,姜龙,等.不同密度下玉米DH系单株产量的杂种优势及配合力分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(1):23-29.
[19]李洋,慈佳宾,董莹,等.玉米Lancaster种质改良系的杂种优势及配合力[J].吉林农业大学学报,2015,37(3):268-272.
[20]董莹,杨巍,任雪娇,等.不同密度下Reid改良系的单株产量杂种优势及配合力[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(4):386-391.
[21]刘乐承,董德坤,曹家树.作物杂种优势机理研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2007,46(4):645-650.
[22]侯延荣,曹修才,张桂阁,等.玉米杂交种主要性状的杂交优势分析[J].玉米科学,1997,5(1):30-31,71.
[23]李玉玲,焦学俭,杜申焕,等.玉米杂交当代子粒灌浆特性的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,1999,32(2):106-110.
[24]史振声.关于玉米F_0代杂种优势理论与实践的探讨[J].辽宁农业科学,1987(4):31-33.
[25]赵全志,高尔明,黄丕生,等.水稻穗颈节伤流势与源库质量的关系研究[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(6):104-106.
[26]张黛静,郭魏,刘普婷,等.高产小麦灌浆籽粒含水量及茎节伤流强度的昼夜变化[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(2):309-312.
[27]姚万山,宋连启.夏玉米高产群体生理动态质量指标的研究[J].华北农学报,1999,14(4):55-59.
[28]De D S,Forster B,Pagès L,et al.Root system architecture:opportunities and constraints for genetic improvement of crops[J].Trends in Plant Science,2007,12(10):474-481.
[29]Smith D M,Inman-Bamber N G,Thorburn P J.Growth and function of the sugarcane root system[J].Field Crops Research,2005,92(2/3):169-183.
[30]Wang X,Tao L,Huang X,et al.Study on non-flooding farming technique in irrigated paddy field:physiological and developmental characteristics of rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004:37.
[31]朱德峰,林贤青,曹卫星.水稻深层根系对生长和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2001,34(4):429-432.
[32]Root W E B.Development of field crops[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,1926,82(2):258-259.
[33]陆定志.杂交水稻根系生理优势及其与地上部性状的关联研究[J].中国水稻科学,1987,1(2):81-94.
[34]董雅致,徐克章,崔喜艳,等.不同年代大豆品种根系活力的变化及其与植株生物量的关系[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(3):345-353.
[35]肖金川.不同年代粳稻品种根系伤流液变化与光合特性及物质生产的关系[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012.
[36]董雅致.不同年代大豆品种根伤流液组分含量变化及其与产量关系的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2015.
[2]杨秀红,吴宗璞,张国栋.大豆品种根系性状与地上部性状的相关性研究[J].作物学报,2002,28(1):72-75.
[3]杨光,张惠君,宋书宏,等.超高产大豆根系相关性状的比较研究[J].大豆科学,2013,32(2):176-181.
[4]Zhang H,Xue Y,Wang Z,et al.Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with shoot growth in“super”rice[J].Field Crops Res,2009,113(1):31-40.
[5]时向东,刘艳芳,文志强,等.植物根系伤流研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(10):2043-2045.
[6]常江,张自立,郜红建,等.外源稀土对水稻伤流组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(5):522-525.
[7]刘胜群,宋凤斌,王燕.玉米根系性状与地上部性状的相关性研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2007,29(1):1-6.
[8]管建慧.玉米根系生长发育特性及与地上部关系的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[9]亓新华,董树亭.小麦伤流液及其与地上部关系[J].中国农业科学,1981,14(3):33-38.
[10]孙彪.不同年代大豆品种伤流液重量的变化及其与地上部分生物量的关系[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012.
[11]李凤海.杂交当代玉米杂交效应初探[J].辽宁农业科学,1999(2):36-42.
[12]关淑艳,董昭旭,李晖,等.生物技术在玉米育种的应用[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(2):127-137.
[13]任雪娇,杨巍,慈佳宾,等.基于玉米DH育种技术的“吉农玉833”选育报告[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(4):500-504.
[14]吕忠庶.杂种优势的生理生化基础[J].兰州大学学报,1977(3):66-81.
[15]张野,孙贵星,杨巍,等.玉米Mo17及其改良系单株产量遗传研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(3):265-270.
[16]张喜华,史振声.玉米杂交F_0代的生化分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1994(2):145-148.
[17]王振华,王懿波,王永普,等.普通玉米主要品质性状的杂种优势及其相关性分析[J].河南农业科学,1998,(2):4-7.
[18]杨巍,李玲,姜龙,等.不同密度下玉米DH系单株产量的杂种优势及配合力分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(1):23-29.
[19]李洋,慈佳宾,董莹,等.玉米Lancaster种质改良系的杂种优势及配合力[J].吉林农业大学学报,2015,37(3):268-272.
[20]董莹,杨巍,任雪娇,等.不同密度下Reid改良系的单株产量杂种优势及配合力[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(4):386-391.
[21]刘乐承,董德坤,曹家树.作物杂种优势机理研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2007,46(4):645-650.
[22]侯延荣,曹修才,张桂阁,等.玉米杂交种主要性状的杂交优势分析[J].玉米科学,1997,5(1):30-31,71.
[23]李玉玲,焦学俭,杜申焕,等.玉米杂交当代子粒灌浆特性的研究[J].河南农业大学学报,1999,32(2):106-110.
[24]史振声.关于玉米F_0代杂种优势理论与实践的探讨[J].辽宁农业科学,1987(4):31-33.
[25]赵全志,高尔明,黄丕生,等.水稻穗颈节伤流势与源库质量的关系研究[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(6):104-106.
[26]张黛静,郭魏,刘普婷,等.高产小麦灌浆籽粒含水量及茎节伤流强度的昼夜变化[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(2):309-312.
[27]姚万山,宋连启.夏玉米高产群体生理动态质量指标的研究[J].华北农学报,1999,14(4):55-59.
[28]De D S,Forster B,Pagès L,et al.Root system architecture:opportunities and constraints for genetic improvement of crops[J].Trends in Plant Science,2007,12(10):474-481.
[29]Smith D M,Inman-Bamber N G,Thorburn P J.Growth and function of the sugarcane root system[J].Field Crops Research,2005,92(2/3):169-183.
[30]Wang X,Tao L,Huang X,et al.Study on non-flooding farming technique in irrigated paddy field:physiological and developmental characteristics of rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004:37.
[31]朱德峰,林贤青,曹卫星.水稻深层根系对生长和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2001,34(4):429-432.
[32]Root W E B.Development of field crops[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,1926,82(2):258-259.
[33]陆定志.杂交水稻根系生理优势及其与地上部性状的关联研究[J].中国水稻科学,1987,1(2):81-94.
[34]董雅致,徐克章,崔喜艳,等.不同年代大豆品种根系活力的变化及其与植株生物量的关系[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(3):345-353.
[35]肖金川.不同年代粳稻品种根系伤流液变化与光合特性及物质生产的关系[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012.
[36]董雅致.不同年代大豆品种根伤流液组分含量变化及其与产量关系的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2015.