高密度条件下不同基因型玉米高产特性及耐密性研究
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摘要
以13份不同基因型玉米品种为材料,采用裂区试验,在玉米各生育期对玉米产量及产量性状和农艺性状进行测量,分析不同基因型玉米的高产特性及耐密性。结果表明,在75 000株/hm2密度下,登海618产量最高,其次为农大372、先玉688,登海518产量最低。在90 000株/hm~2密度下,滑玉168产量最高,其次为农大372、迪卡517,登海518产量最低。通过隶属函数分析、主成分分析等方法对品种耐密性进行综合评价,结果表明,7个指标可转换为3个独立指标作为耐密性指标进行综合评价,从中筛选出耐密性强的品种农大372、联创808、利单618和先玉688,登海518、登海618和裕丰303耐密性较弱。
The density tolerance property of 13 maize varieties were analyzed under two densities. Experiment was conducted in split-plot design, with each of density was assigned to a whole plot and each variety was assigned to a subplot. Maize grain yield, yield components and some agronomic traits were investigated at different maize growth stages. Under the density of 75 000 plants/ha, Denghai618 yielded the most, followed by Nongda327 and Xianyu688, and Denghai518 had the lowest yield. Under the density of 90 000 plants/ha, Huayu 168 obtained the highest yield, then followed by Nongda327 and Dika517, and the yield of Denghai518 was the lowest. The properties of maize high yield and density-tolerance were studied by fuzzy membership function and principal component analysis. Seven morphological indexes of maize were recombined into three independent comprehensive indexes for maize variety evaluation. Based on the three comprehensive indexes, the varieties with highly density tolerance were selected, which included Nongda372, Lianchuang808, Lidan618, Xianyu688, and the varieties with weak density tolerance, that is, Denghai518, Denghai618, and Yufeng303, were also identified.
The density tolerance property of 13 maize varieties were analyzed under two densities. Experiment was conducted in split-plot design, with each of density was assigned to a whole plot and each variety was assigned to a subplot. Maize grain yield, yield components and some agronomic traits were investigated at different maize growth stages. Under the density of 75 000 plants/ha, Denghai618 yielded the most, followed by Nongda327 and Xianyu688, and Denghai518 had the lowest yield. Under the density of 90 000 plants/ha, Huayu 168 obtained the highest yield, then followed by Nongda327 and Dika517, and the yield of Denghai518 was the lowest. The properties of maize high yield and density-tolerance were studied by fuzzy membership function and principal component analysis. Seven morphological indexes of maize were recombined into three independent comprehensive indexes for maize variety evaluation. Based on the three comprehensive indexes, the varieties with highly density tolerance were selected, which included Nongda372, Lianchuang808, Lidan618, Xianyu688, and the varieties with weak density tolerance, that is, Denghai518, Denghai618, and Yufeng303, were also identified.
引文
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[16]吴琼,杨克军,张翼飞,等.不同基因型玉米耐密植抗倒性分析及其鉴定指标的筛选[J].玉米科学,2017,25(6):79-86.Wu Q,Yang K J,Zhang Y F,et al.Analysis of lodging resistance and determination of resistance evaluation indicators in different maize genotypes under higher population density selection pressures[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2017,25(6):79-86.(in Chinese)
[17]赵如浪,王永宏,赵健,等.春玉米高产区不同基因型品种耐密性比较及特征研究[J].种子,2014,33(9):71-75.Zhao R L,Wang Y H,Zhao J.et al.Density-tolerance and characteristic of different genotype varieties in spring maize high yield region[J].Seed,2014,33(9):71-75.(in Chinese)
[18]杨吉顺,高辉远,刘鹏,等.种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1226-1233.Yang J S,Gao H Y,Liu P,et al.Effects of planting density and row spacing on canopy apparent photosynthesis of high-yield summer corn[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(7):1226-1233.(in Chinese)
[19]李宗新,陈源泉,王庆成,等.密植条件下种植方式对夏玉米群体根冠特性及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,3(12):7391-7401.Li Z X,Chen Y Q,Wang Q C,et al.Effect of different planting methods on root-shoot characteristics and grain yield of summer maize under high densities[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,3(12):7391-7401.(in Chinese)
[2]佟屏亚,程延年.玉米密度与产量因素关系的研究[J].北京农业科学,1995,13(1):23-25.Tong P Y,Cheng Y N.The relationships between yield and density[J].Beijing Agricultural Sciences,1995,13(1):23-25.(in Chinese)
[3]赵化春,韩萍.玉米栽培的适宜密度问题[J].玉米科学,2001,9(增刊):34-38.Zhao H C,Han P.Research on optimum density of maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2001,9(S):34-38.(in Chinese)
[4]王楷,王克如,王永宏,等.密度对玉米产(>15 000 kg/hm2)及其产量构成因子的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3437-3445.Wang K,Wang K R,Wang Y H,et al.Effects of density on maize yield and yield components[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(16):3437-3445.(in Chinese)
[5]李利利,张吉旺,刘伟,等.高产玉米新品种登海661的高产特性研究[J].玉米科学,2011,19(5):83-86.Li L L,Zhang J W,Liu W,et al.Study on high yield characteristics of new maize variety Denghai661[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2011,19(5):83-86.(in Chinese)
[6]刘伟,吕鹏,苏凯,等.种植密度对夏玉米产量和源库特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1737-1743.Liu W,LüP,Su K,et al.Effects of planting density on the grain yield and source-sink characteristics of summer maize[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(7):1737-1743.(in Chinese)
[7]陈国平,王荣焕,赵久然.玉米高产田的产量结构模式及关键因素分析[J].玉米科学,2009,17(4):89-93.Chen G P,Wang R H,Zhao J R.Analysis on yield structural model and key factors of maize high-yield polts[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2009,17(4):89-93.(in Chinese)
[8]陈传永,侯玉红,孙锐,等.密植对不同玉米品种产量性能的影响及其耐密性分析[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1153-1160.Chen C Y,Hou Y H,Sun R,et al.Effects of planting density on yield perfoumance and density-tolerance analysis for maize hybrids[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(7):1153-1160.(in Chinese)
[9]勾玲,黄建军,张宾,等.群体密度对玉米茎秆抗倒力学和农艺性状的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1153-1160.Gou L,Huang J J,Zhang B,et al.Effects of population density on stalk lodging resistant mechanism and agronomic characteristics of maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(7):1153-1160.(in Chinese)
[10]张丽华,赵洪祥,谭国波,等.不同玉米杂交种抗旱性比较研究[J].玉米科学,2012,20(3):29-33.Zhang L H,Zhao H X,Tan G B,et al.Comparative study on the drought resistance of maize hybrids[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2012,20(3):29-33.(in Chinese)
[11]苏方宏.玉米耐密性的数学表达及其应用[J].玉米科学,1997,6(1):52-54,68.Su F H.The mathematical expression and application of density tolerant in maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,1997,6(1):52-54,68.(in Chinese)
[12]莫惠栋.穗数-密度的理论曲线方程及其分析[J].作物学报,1964,3(3):327-342.Mo H D.Spike-density theory curve equation and its analysis[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1964,3(3):327-342.(in Chinese)
[13]薛吉全,梁宗锁,马国胜,等.玉米不同株型耐密性的群体生理指标研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(1):55-59.Xue J Q,Liang Z S,Ma G S,et al.Population physiological indices on density-tolerance of maize in different plant type[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(1):55-59.(in Chinese)
[14]徐蕊,王启柏,张春庆,等.玉米自交系抗旱性评价指标体系的建立[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(1):72-84.Xu R,Wang Q B,Zhang C Q,et al.Drought-Resistance evaluation system of maize inbred[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(1):72-84.(in Chinese)
[15]袁刘正.玉米耐阴性的QTL分析[D].河南:河南农业大学,2009.
[16]吴琼,杨克军,张翼飞,等.不同基因型玉米耐密植抗倒性分析及其鉴定指标的筛选[J].玉米科学,2017,25(6):79-86.Wu Q,Yang K J,Zhang Y F,et al.Analysis of lodging resistance and determination of resistance evaluation indicators in different maize genotypes under higher population density selection pressures[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2017,25(6):79-86.(in Chinese)
[17]赵如浪,王永宏,赵健,等.春玉米高产区不同基因型品种耐密性比较及特征研究[J].种子,2014,33(9):71-75.Zhao R L,Wang Y H,Zhao J.et al.Density-tolerance and characteristic of different genotype varieties in spring maize high yield region[J].Seed,2014,33(9):71-75.(in Chinese)
[18]杨吉顺,高辉远,刘鹏,等.种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1226-1233.Yang J S,Gao H Y,Liu P,et al.Effects of planting density and row spacing on canopy apparent photosynthesis of high-yield summer corn[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(7):1226-1233.(in Chinese)
[19]李宗新,陈源泉,王庆成,等.密植条件下种植方式对夏玉米群体根冠特性及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2012,3(12):7391-7401.Li Z X,Chen Y Q,Wang Q C,et al.Effect of different planting methods on root-shoot characteristics and grain yield of summer maize under high densities[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,3(12):7391-7401.(in Chinese)