韭菜和胜红蓟水浸提液和挥发物对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制作用
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摘要
【目的】比较不同植物水浸提液对香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race 4,FOC4)的抑制效果,明确韭菜Allium tuberosum和胜红蓟Ageratum conyzoides抑制FOC4的途径。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定了12种植物水浸提液及韭菜和胜红蓟挥发物对FOC4的抑制效果。【结果】韭菜根和胜红蓟叶片水浸提液对FOC4具有很好的抑制作用,抑菌率分别达到71%和69%。韭菜叶片和根水浸提液经二氯甲烷萃取,叶片提取液的抑菌率为18.7%,剩余部分的抑菌率为13.0%;根提取液的抑菌率为39.8%,剩余部分的抑菌率为22.1%;说明水浸提原液中含有的抑菌成分主要为水溶性较低的有机化合物。韭菜叶挥发物对FOC4的抑菌效果比根好,1.25 g/L韭菜鲜叶捣碎后产生的挥发物完全抑制FOC4孢子萌发,1.25 g/L根捣碎后产生的挥发物FOC4孢子萌发数为35个/皿。0.5 g/mL的胜红蓟鲜叶水浸提物对FOC4的抑菌率达到50%以上,抑菌效果明显;胜红蓟挥发物对FOC4的抑制作用不明显,说明胜红蓟的主要抑菌物质并非是挥发物。【结论】韭菜的水浸提液和挥发物均可抑制FOC4生长,且挥发物的抑菌效果更好;胜红蓟的水浸提液可抑制FOC4生长,但挥发物的抑制作用不明显。
【Objective】To compare anti-fungal effects of aqueous extracts of different plants on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race4(FOC4), the causal agent of banana wilt, and further clarify the releasing approaches of anti-fungal compounds from leek(Allium tuberosum Rottler) and Ageratum conyzoides L.【Method】Mycelial growth rate method and spore germination method were used to examine the inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts from 12 plant species as well as volatiles from leek and A. conyzoides on mycial growth and spore germination of FOC4.【Result】Aqueous extracts of leek and A. conyzoides showed strong inhibitory effects on FOC4 colony growth, the inhibition rates were 71% and 69% respectively.Dichloromethane extracts and residuals of aqueous extracts from leek leaves showed the inhibition rates of 18.7% and 13.0% respectively, and dichloromethane extraction and residuals of aqueous extracts from leek roots showed the inhibition rates of 39.8% and 22.1% respectively, which suggested that the main active ingredients were low water-soluble organic compounds. The antifungal effects of leaf volatiles showed stronger than those of root volatiles for leek. The volatiles from fresh leek leaves mashed in a sealed glass jar completely inhibited FOC4 colony growth at the concentration of 1.25 g/L, and FOC4 spore germination number was 35 per dish after treated with volatiles from leek roots at the same concentration. The inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of A. conyzoides fresh leaves on FOC4 were obvious, and the inhibition rates were more than 50% at the concentration of 0.5 g/L. The inhibitory effects of A. conyzoides volatiles on FOC4 was not obvious suggesting that the main antifungal compounds of A. conyzoides were not volatiles.【Conclusion】Aqueous extracts and volatiles from leek have strong inhibitory effects on FOC4, and leek volatiles show higher inhibitory effect.Aqueous extracts of A. conyzoides can inhibit FOC4 growth,but the inhibitory effects of its volatiles were not obvious.
【Objective】To compare anti-fungal effects of aqueous extracts of different plants on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race4(FOC4), the causal agent of banana wilt, and further clarify the releasing approaches of anti-fungal compounds from leek(Allium tuberosum Rottler) and Ageratum conyzoides L.【Method】Mycelial growth rate method and spore germination method were used to examine the inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts from 12 plant species as well as volatiles from leek and A. conyzoides on mycial growth and spore germination of FOC4.【Result】Aqueous extracts of leek and A. conyzoides showed strong inhibitory effects on FOC4 colony growth, the inhibition rates were 71% and 69% respectively.Dichloromethane extracts and residuals of aqueous extracts from leek leaves showed the inhibition rates of 18.7% and 13.0% respectively, and dichloromethane extraction and residuals of aqueous extracts from leek roots showed the inhibition rates of 39.8% and 22.1% respectively, which suggested that the main active ingredients were low water-soluble organic compounds. The antifungal effects of leaf volatiles showed stronger than those of root volatiles for leek. The volatiles from fresh leek leaves mashed in a sealed glass jar completely inhibited FOC4 colony growth at the concentration of 1.25 g/L, and FOC4 spore germination number was 35 per dish after treated with volatiles from leek roots at the same concentration. The inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of A. conyzoides fresh leaves on FOC4 were obvious, and the inhibition rates were more than 50% at the concentration of 0.5 g/L. The inhibitory effects of A. conyzoides volatiles on FOC4 was not obvious suggesting that the main antifungal compounds of A. conyzoides were not volatiles.【Conclusion】Aqueous extracts and volatiles from leek have strong inhibitory effects on FOC4, and leek volatiles show higher inhibitory effect.Aqueous extracts of A. conyzoides can inhibit FOC4 growth,but the inhibitory effects of its volatiles were not obvious.
引文
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[2]钟群有,郑卓辉,彭增明,等.香蕉枯萎病生物防治研究概述[J].广东农业科学,2007,7(3):64-65.
[3]李晓菲,徐政.植物源杀菌剂研究进展[J].南方农业,2018,12(13):40-42.
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[7]赵刚,张卫娜,左存武,等.韭菜提取物及其主要活性物质防控苹果轮纹病发生的研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(2):273-280.
[8]江贵波,高伟佳,陆梓华.胜红蓟挥发物对杂草和蔬菜的化感作用[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(2):92-95.
[9]叶倩,左浩江,廖虹瑜,等.粗壮女贞提取物的体外抑菌作用研究[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(7):1320-1322.
[10]WHYTE L,HUANG Y Y,TORRES K,et al.Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol action in lung cancer cells using dual protein and microarray analyses[J].Cancer Res,2007,67(24):12007-12017.
[11]杨静美,黄建川,王闯,等.韭菜对香蕉枯萎病菌两种细胞壁降解酶活性的影响[J].仲恺农业工程学院学报,2015,28(1):64-66.
[12]刘彦,张冬莲,吕金丽,等.不同条件下韭菜汁对茶树轮斑病孢子萌发的抑制活性研究[J].农家科技(下旬刊),2017(8):270-271.
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[14]ZENG R S.Allelopathy in Chinese ancient and modern agriculture[M]//ZENG R S,MALLIK A,LUO S M.Allelopathy in sustainable agriculture and forestry.New York:Springer,2008:39-59.
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[16]姚安庆.洋葱、大蒜、韭菜抗菌作用的比较[J].贵州农业科学,2004,32(3):56-57.
[17]周国顺,甘贤友,孙俊良,等.番菇韭菜间作防治番茄病毒病研究简报[J].河南职技师院学报,1992,20(3):52-53.
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[19]ZHANG H,MALLIK A,ZENG R S.Control of Panama disease of banana by rotating and intercropping with Chinese chive(Allium tuberosum Rottler):Role of plant volatiles[J].J Chem Ecol,2013,39(2S1):243-252.
[20]HUANG Y H,WANG R C,LI C H,et al.Control of Fusarium wilt in banana with Chinese leek[J].Eur J Plant Pathol,2012,134(1):87-95.
[21]AUGER J.Insecticidal and fungicidal potential of Allium substances as biofumigants[J].Agondustria,2004,3(3):5-8.
[22]黄永红,李春雨,左存武,等.韭菜对巴西香蕉枯萎病发生的抑制作用[J].中国生物防治学报,2011,27(3):344-348.
[23]孔垂华,黄寿山,胡飞.胜红蓟化感作用研究:V:挥发油对真菌、昆虫和植物的生物活性及其化学成分[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):584-587.
[24]KONG C,HU F,XU X.Allelopathic potential and chemical constituents of volatiles from Ageratum conyzoides under stress[J].J Chem Ecol,2002,28(6):1173-1182.
[25]胡飞,孔垂华,徐效华,等.胜红蓟黄酮类物质对柑桔园主要病原菌的抑制作用[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1166-1168.
[2]钟群有,郑卓辉,彭增明,等.香蕉枯萎病生物防治研究概述[J].广东农业科学,2007,7(3):64-65.
[3]李晓菲,徐政.植物源杀菌剂研究进展[J].南方农业,2018,12(13):40-42.
[4]RISTI?M,SOKOVI?M,GRUBI?I?D,et al.Chemical analysis and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Achillea atrata L[J].J Essent Oil Res,2004,16(1):75-78.
[5]曾凤,黄永红,凌键,等.韭菜水提液对甘蓝枯萎病菌抑制作用初探[J].中国蔬菜,2016(1):60-63.
[6]LI E,WANG G,YANG Y,et al.Microscopic analysis of the compatible and incompatible interactions between Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.conglutinans and cabbage[J].Eur J Plant Pathol,2015,141(3):597-609.
[7]赵刚,张卫娜,左存武,等.韭菜提取物及其主要活性物质防控苹果轮纹病发生的研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(2):273-280.
[8]江贵波,高伟佳,陆梓华.胜红蓟挥发物对杂草和蔬菜的化感作用[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(2):92-95.
[9]叶倩,左浩江,廖虹瑜,等.粗壮女贞提取物的体外抑菌作用研究[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(7):1320-1322.
[10]WHYTE L,HUANG Y Y,TORRES K,et al.Molecular mechanisms of resveratrol action in lung cancer cells using dual protein and microarray analyses[J].Cancer Res,2007,67(24):12007-12017.
[11]杨静美,黄建川,王闯,等.韭菜对香蕉枯萎病菌两种细胞壁降解酶活性的影响[J].仲恺农业工程学院学报,2015,28(1):64-66.
[12]刘彦,张冬莲,吕金丽,等.不同条件下韭菜汁对茶树轮斑病孢子萌发的抑制活性研究[J].农家科技(下旬刊),2017(8):270-271.
[13]RICE E L.Allelopathy[M].2ed.Floradia:Academic Press Inc.,1984:119.
[14]ZENG R S.Allelopathy in Chinese ancient and modern agriculture[M]//ZENG R S,MALLIK A,LUO S M.Allelopathy in sustainable agriculture and forestry.New York:Springer,2008:39-59.
[15]卫煜英,万仁忠.韭菜挥发油主要成份的气相色谱/质谱分析[J].分析化学,1996,24(2):192-194.
[16]姚安庆.洋葱、大蒜、韭菜抗菌作用的比较[J].贵州农业科学,2004,32(3):56-57.
[17]周国顺,甘贤友,孙俊良,等.番菇韭菜间作防治番茄病毒病研究简报[J].河南职技师院学报,1992,20(3):52-53.
[18]POLLOCK J L,CALLAWAY R M,THELEN G C,et al.Catechin-metal interactions as a mechanism for conditional allelopathy by the invasive plant Centaurea maculosa[J].J Ecol,2009,97(6):1234-1242.
[19]ZHANG H,MALLIK A,ZENG R S.Control of Panama disease of banana by rotating and intercropping with Chinese chive(Allium tuberosum Rottler):Role of plant volatiles[J].J Chem Ecol,2013,39(2S1):243-252.
[20]HUANG Y H,WANG R C,LI C H,et al.Control of Fusarium wilt in banana with Chinese leek[J].Eur J Plant Pathol,2012,134(1):87-95.
[21]AUGER J.Insecticidal and fungicidal potential of Allium substances as biofumigants[J].Agondustria,2004,3(3):5-8.
[22]黄永红,李春雨,左存武,等.韭菜对巴西香蕉枯萎病发生的抑制作用[J].中国生物防治学报,2011,27(3):344-348.
[23]孔垂华,黄寿山,胡飞.胜红蓟化感作用研究:V:挥发油对真菌、昆虫和植物的生物活性及其化学成分[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):584-587.
[24]KONG C,HU F,XU X.Allelopathic potential and chemical constituents of volatiles from Ageratum conyzoides under stress[J].J Chem Ecol,2002,28(6):1173-1182.
[25]胡飞,孔垂华,徐效华,等.胜红蓟黄酮类物质对柑桔园主要病原菌的抑制作用[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1166-1168.