基于改进遗传算法的可变信息标志选址优化研究
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摘要
随着城市化进程的不断加快,交通拥堵已成为亟待解决的社会问题,实践表明可变信息标志(VMS)布设位置对于诱导拥堵路段上的交通流量、缓解交通拥堵、提高整个交通诱导系统的效率至关重要。在考虑道路交通流量、交通拥堵指数以及可变信息标志发布信息的衰减程度对VMS选址影响的基础上,考虑可替代路径的诱导比率、绕行时间以及布设VMS所需的成本对VMS选址的影响,然后综合VMS的效用和总成本2个因素,采用最大效用与最小成本之比的形式构建了VMS选址优化的双目标规划模型,分别采用传统的遗传算法和改进的遗传算法对构建的模型进行求解,最后以西安市南二环路为例进行实例分析。结果表明,当设置4块VMS时效果最好,最优布设路段为10,13,15,17。与传统的遗传算法相比,改进的遗传算法陷入局部收敛的次数由21次减小到6次,且收敛速度更快;模型的最优解与现状VMS的布设情况相比函数适应度值更大,表明其布设效果更好,验证了模型的有效性。
Traffic congestion has become an urgent problem to be solved with acceleration of urbanization process.Actual data shows that location of variable message sign(VMS)is crucial for inducing traffic flows on congested road segments,reducing traffic congestion and improving efficiency of entire system of traffic induction.Based on road traffic flow,traffic congestion index,and impacts of information attenuation degree on location of VMS,a bi-objective programming model is developed.Induction rate of alternative paths,bypass time,and cost of deploy VMS are taken into consideration.Combining utility and the total cost of set VMS,the model shows a ratio of maximum utility to minimum cost.Traditional genetic algorithm and improved genetic algorithm are used to find solutions.The road segment of Nan′er Huan Road in Xi′an is taken as a case study.The results show that when set four VMS,the outcome is best,and the optimal location of VMS is section 10,13,15,and 17.Compared with traditional genetic algorithm,the improved genetic algorithm has faster speed of convergence,and number of local convergence reduces from 21 to 6.The optimal solution in the developed model has a larger value of function fitness than actual layout,which indicates better location of VMS.Effectiveness of the model is valid.
Traffic congestion has become an urgent problem to be solved with acceleration of urbanization process.Actual data shows that location of variable message sign(VMS)is crucial for inducing traffic flows on congested road segments,reducing traffic congestion and improving efficiency of entire system of traffic induction.Based on road traffic flow,traffic congestion index,and impacts of information attenuation degree on location of VMS,a bi-objective programming model is developed.Induction rate of alternative paths,bypass time,and cost of deploy VMS are taken into consideration.Combining utility and the total cost of set VMS,the model shows a ratio of maximum utility to minimum cost.Traditional genetic algorithm and improved genetic algorithm are used to find solutions.The road segment of Nan′er Huan Road in Xi′an is taken as a case study.The results show that when set four VMS,the outcome is best,and the optimal location of VMS is section 10,13,15,and 17.Compared with traditional genetic algorithm,the improved genetic algorithm has faster speed of convergence,and number of local convergence reduces from 21 to 6.The optimal solution in the developed model has a larger value of function fitness than actual layout,which indicates better location of VMS.Effectiveness of the model is valid.
引文
[1]曹亚康.VMS下驾驶员路径选择行为分析与建模[J].交通信息与安全,2016,34(6):96-101.CAO Yakang.An analysis and modelingfor route choice of drivers response to variable message signs[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2016,6(34):96-101.(in Chinese)
[2]侯晓宇,刘文峰,杨毅.基于VMS的图形信息现状研究[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(7):118-123+138.HOU Xiaoyu,LIU Wenfeng,YANG Yi.Research on status of graphical information based on VMS[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2012,29(7):118-123+138.(in Chinese)
[3]李锋,朴範鎮,文丙夑.基于IPA的可变信息标志发布内容改善研究[J].交通信息与安全,2012,30(166):139-143.LI Feng,MOON Byeongsub,PARK Bumjin.Improvement of variable massage sign(VMS)information based on importance-performance analysis[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2012,30(166):139-143.(in Chinese)
[4]YAN X D,WU J W.Effectiveness of variable message signs on driving behavior based on a driving simulation experiment[J].Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society,2014,2014(2):1-9.
[5]孙伟力,李平,王慧,等.高速路网可变信息标志诱导的最优开关控制设计[J].上海交通大学学报,2011,45(8):1246-1250.SUN Weili,LI Ping,WANG Hui,et al.Optimal on-off control of VMS for highway route guidance[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2011,45(8):1246-1250.(in Chinese)
[6]李想.基于Web服务器的嵌入式可变信息标志监控软件设计[J].河北省科学院学报,2018,35(1):28-31.LI Xiang.Design on embedded highway variable message signs monitor and control software based on Web server[J].Journal of the Hebei Academy of Science,2018,35(1):28-31.(in Chinese)
[7]孟超,邵春福,李玮,等.VMS对驾驶人路径选择行为影响的仿真研究[J].城市交通,2009,7(1):76-81.MENG Chao,SHAO Chunfu,LI Wei,et al.Impact simulation of VMS on driver′s route selection behaviors[J].Urban Transport of China,2009,7(1):76-81.(in Chinese)
[8]ZHONG S Q,ZHOU L Z,MA S F,et al.Effects of different factors on drivers′guidance compliance behavior under road condition information shown on VMS[J].Transportation Research Part A,2012,46(9):1490-1505.
[9]MA Z L,SHAO C F,SONG Y,et al.Driver response to information provided by variable messagesigns in Beijing[J].Transportation Research Part F,2014,26:199-209.
[10]马壮林,赵文静,李露.驾驶人对可变信息标志关注度影响因素分析[J].公路与汽运,2018(3):40-44.MA Zhuanglin,ZHAO Wenjing,LI Lu.Analysis of factors influencing drivers′attention to variable information signs[J].Highways&Automotive Applications.2018(3):40-44.(in Chinese)
[11]ABBAS M M,MCCOY P T.Optimizing variable message sign locations on freeways using genetic algorithms[C].The 78th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board,Washington,D.C.1999.
[12]CHIU Y C,HUYNH N,MAHMASSANI H S.Determining optimal locations for VMS′s under stochastic incident scenarios[C].Transportation Research Board 80th Annual Meeting.Washington,D.C.:TRB,2001.
[13]徐志,关宏志,严海.可变信息标志选址方法[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(10):54-60.XU Zhi,GUAN Hongzhi,YAN Hai.The configuration location designation of variable message sign[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(10):54-60.(in Chinese)
[14]四兵锋,陈伯阳,蒋明清,等.城市可变信息标识选址算法[J].交通运输工程学报,2015,15(6):110-117.SI Bingfeng,CHEN Boyang,JIANG Mingqing,et al.Locating algorithm of urban variable message signs[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2015,15(6):110-117.(in Chinese)
[15]倪富健,刘志超.可变交通信息牌的最优分布模型[J].信息与控制,2003,32(5):395-398.NI Fujian,LIU Zhichao.The optimal location of variable message signs[J].Information and Control,2003,32(5):395-398.(in Chinese)
[16]WON J,LEE S,LEE S.Determination of optimal locations for the variable message signs by the genetic algorithm[M].Berlin:Springer.
[17]承向军,郭伟平.基于行程时间和路口延误的网络VMS选址算法[J].交通与计算机,2008,26(2):27-30.CHENG Xiangjun,GUO Weiping.Algorithm of VMS site optimization in network based on travel time and intersection delay[J].Computer and Communications,2008,26(2):27-30.(in Chinese)
[18]袁舒平,漆凯,关积珍.考虑诱导信息影响的可变信息标志优化选址研究:以北京南站为例[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2011,11(1):228-233.YUAN Shuping,QI Kai,GUAN Jizhen.Research on the location choice of the optimal variable messagessigns in consideration of the effect of traffic guidance information:case study of the road area of Beijing South Railway Station[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2011,11(1):228-233.(in Chinese)
[19]赵敬洋,郭明飞,郭海锋,等.基于典型行车路线理论的城市交通中诱导屏选址优化方法研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2010,38(5):586-590.ZHAO Jingyang,GUO Mingfei,GUO Haifeng,et al.Research on location optimization of variable message signs basedon typical traffic routing theory in urban transportation[J].Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology,2010,38(5):586-590.(in Chinese)
[20]GAN H,HE S,DONG J.A model for determining optimal variable message sign locations[C].IEEE.2011International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information.New York:IEEE,2011.
[21]王建军,金书鑫,任予跃.基于潜在瓶颈路段识别的可变信息标志选址分析[J].中国公路学报,2018,31(4):130-138.WANG Jianjun,JIN Shuxin,REN Yuyue.Analysis of variable information sign location based on potential bottleneck recognition[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2018,31(4):130-138.(in Chinese)
[22]周家祥.可变情报板关键问题研究[J].华东公路,2011(3):90-93.ZHOU Jiaxiang.Research on key issues of variable information sign[J].East China Highway,2011(3):90-93.(in Chinese)
[23]韦清波,何兆成,郑喜双,等.考虑多因素的城市道路交通拥堵指数预测研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2017,17(1):74-81.WEI Qingbo,HE Zhaocheng,ZHENG Xishuang,et al.Prediction of urban traffic performance index consideringmultiple factors[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2017,17(1):74-81.(in Chinese)
[24]FU L,JEFF H,LI S.Locating changeable message signs for advanced traffic information and management systems[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2007(34):651-663.
[25]滕鲁,VMS作用下驾驶员路径选择行为建模与仿真[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.TENG Lu.Modeling ang simulation for driver′s route choice behavior under the impact of VMS[D].Jilin:Jilin University,2011.(in Chinese)
[26]余雷,马生涛,杨杰,等.基于改进遗传算法的VMS选址研究与分析[J/OL].计算机应用研究,2019,36(1).[2018-01-10].http://www.arocmag.com/article/02-2019-01-003.html.YU Lei,MA Shengtao,YANG Jie,et al.Research and analysis of VMS location based on improved genetic algorithm[J/OL].Application Research of Computers,2019,36(1).[2018-01-10].http://www.arocmag.com/article/02-2019-01-003.html.(in Chinese)
[27]马全党,彭宇飞,何颖,等.基于遗传算法的油田群水域航路规划模型研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2017,41(4):638-641+646.MA Quandang,PENG Yufei,HE Ying,et al.Shipping route planning model of oilfield waters based on genetic algorithm[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Transportation Science&Engineering),2017,41(4):638-641+646.(in Chinese)
[28]雷英杰,张善文.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用[M].2版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2014.LEI Yingjie,ZHANG Shanwen.Genetic algorithm toolbox and application of MATLAB(second edition)[M].2nd ed.Xian:Xidian University Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[29]李国,阮晓青.关于简单遗传算法变异率的理论分析[J].工程数学学报,2006,23(3):468-474.LI Guo,RUAN Xiaoqing.On the theoretical analysis of mutation rate of simple genetic algorithms[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Mathematics,2006,23(3):468-474.(in Chinese)
[30]刘成堃,贾涛,高琦丽,等.基于改进遗传算法的省级医疗中心选址研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2016,52(6):13-18+25.LIU Chengkun,JIA Tao,GAO Qili,et al.Study on location and allocation of healthcare center based on improvedgenetic algorithm[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2016,52(6):13-18+25.(in Chinese)
[2]侯晓宇,刘文峰,杨毅.基于VMS的图形信息现状研究[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(7):118-123+138.HOU Xiaoyu,LIU Wenfeng,YANG Yi.Research on status of graphical information based on VMS[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2012,29(7):118-123+138.(in Chinese)
[3]李锋,朴範鎮,文丙夑.基于IPA的可变信息标志发布内容改善研究[J].交通信息与安全,2012,30(166):139-143.LI Feng,MOON Byeongsub,PARK Bumjin.Improvement of variable massage sign(VMS)information based on importance-performance analysis[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2012,30(166):139-143.(in Chinese)
[4]YAN X D,WU J W.Effectiveness of variable message signs on driving behavior based on a driving simulation experiment[J].Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society,2014,2014(2):1-9.
[5]孙伟力,李平,王慧,等.高速路网可变信息标志诱导的最优开关控制设计[J].上海交通大学学报,2011,45(8):1246-1250.SUN Weili,LI Ping,WANG Hui,et al.Optimal on-off control of VMS for highway route guidance[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2011,45(8):1246-1250.(in Chinese)
[6]李想.基于Web服务器的嵌入式可变信息标志监控软件设计[J].河北省科学院学报,2018,35(1):28-31.LI Xiang.Design on embedded highway variable message signs monitor and control software based on Web server[J].Journal of the Hebei Academy of Science,2018,35(1):28-31.(in Chinese)
[7]孟超,邵春福,李玮,等.VMS对驾驶人路径选择行为影响的仿真研究[J].城市交通,2009,7(1):76-81.MENG Chao,SHAO Chunfu,LI Wei,et al.Impact simulation of VMS on driver′s route selection behaviors[J].Urban Transport of China,2009,7(1):76-81.(in Chinese)
[8]ZHONG S Q,ZHOU L Z,MA S F,et al.Effects of different factors on drivers′guidance compliance behavior under road condition information shown on VMS[J].Transportation Research Part A,2012,46(9):1490-1505.
[9]MA Z L,SHAO C F,SONG Y,et al.Driver response to information provided by variable messagesigns in Beijing[J].Transportation Research Part F,2014,26:199-209.
[10]马壮林,赵文静,李露.驾驶人对可变信息标志关注度影响因素分析[J].公路与汽运,2018(3):40-44.MA Zhuanglin,ZHAO Wenjing,LI Lu.Analysis of factors influencing drivers′attention to variable information signs[J].Highways&Automotive Applications.2018(3):40-44.(in Chinese)
[11]ABBAS M M,MCCOY P T.Optimizing variable message sign locations on freeways using genetic algorithms[C].The 78th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board,Washington,D.C.1999.
[12]CHIU Y C,HUYNH N,MAHMASSANI H S.Determining optimal locations for VMS′s under stochastic incident scenarios[C].Transportation Research Board 80th Annual Meeting.Washington,D.C.:TRB,2001.
[13]徐志,关宏志,严海.可变信息标志选址方法[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(10):54-60.XU Zhi,GUAN Hongzhi,YAN Hai.The configuration location designation of variable message sign[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(10):54-60.(in Chinese)
[14]四兵锋,陈伯阳,蒋明清,等.城市可变信息标识选址算法[J].交通运输工程学报,2015,15(6):110-117.SI Bingfeng,CHEN Boyang,JIANG Mingqing,et al.Locating algorithm of urban variable message signs[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2015,15(6):110-117.(in Chinese)
[15]倪富健,刘志超.可变交通信息牌的最优分布模型[J].信息与控制,2003,32(5):395-398.NI Fujian,LIU Zhichao.The optimal location of variable message signs[J].Information and Control,2003,32(5):395-398.(in Chinese)
[16]WON J,LEE S,LEE S.Determination of optimal locations for the variable message signs by the genetic algorithm[M].Berlin:Springer.
[17]承向军,郭伟平.基于行程时间和路口延误的网络VMS选址算法[J].交通与计算机,2008,26(2):27-30.CHENG Xiangjun,GUO Weiping.Algorithm of VMS site optimization in network based on travel time and intersection delay[J].Computer and Communications,2008,26(2):27-30.(in Chinese)
[18]袁舒平,漆凯,关积珍.考虑诱导信息影响的可变信息标志优化选址研究:以北京南站为例[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2011,11(1):228-233.YUAN Shuping,QI Kai,GUAN Jizhen.Research on the location choice of the optimal variable messagessigns in consideration of the effect of traffic guidance information:case study of the road area of Beijing South Railway Station[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2011,11(1):228-233.(in Chinese)
[19]赵敬洋,郭明飞,郭海锋,等.基于典型行车路线理论的城市交通中诱导屏选址优化方法研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2010,38(5):586-590.ZHAO Jingyang,GUO Mingfei,GUO Haifeng,et al.Research on location optimization of variable message signs basedon typical traffic routing theory in urban transportation[J].Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology,2010,38(5):586-590.(in Chinese)
[20]GAN H,HE S,DONG J.A model for determining optimal variable message sign locations[C].IEEE.2011International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information.New York:IEEE,2011.
[21]王建军,金书鑫,任予跃.基于潜在瓶颈路段识别的可变信息标志选址分析[J].中国公路学报,2018,31(4):130-138.WANG Jianjun,JIN Shuxin,REN Yuyue.Analysis of variable information sign location based on potential bottleneck recognition[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2018,31(4):130-138.(in Chinese)
[22]周家祥.可变情报板关键问题研究[J].华东公路,2011(3):90-93.ZHOU Jiaxiang.Research on key issues of variable information sign[J].East China Highway,2011(3):90-93.(in Chinese)
[23]韦清波,何兆成,郑喜双,等.考虑多因素的城市道路交通拥堵指数预测研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2017,17(1):74-81.WEI Qingbo,HE Zhaocheng,ZHENG Xishuang,et al.Prediction of urban traffic performance index consideringmultiple factors[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2017,17(1):74-81.(in Chinese)
[24]FU L,JEFF H,LI S.Locating changeable message signs for advanced traffic information and management systems[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,2007(34):651-663.
[25]滕鲁,VMS作用下驾驶员路径选择行为建模与仿真[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.TENG Lu.Modeling ang simulation for driver′s route choice behavior under the impact of VMS[D].Jilin:Jilin University,2011.(in Chinese)
[26]余雷,马生涛,杨杰,等.基于改进遗传算法的VMS选址研究与分析[J/OL].计算机应用研究,2019,36(1).[2018-01-10].http://www.arocmag.com/article/02-2019-01-003.html.YU Lei,MA Shengtao,YANG Jie,et al.Research and analysis of VMS location based on improved genetic algorithm[J/OL].Application Research of Computers,2019,36(1).[2018-01-10].http://www.arocmag.com/article/02-2019-01-003.html.(in Chinese)
[27]马全党,彭宇飞,何颖,等.基于遗传算法的油田群水域航路规划模型研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2017,41(4):638-641+646.MA Quandang,PENG Yufei,HE Ying,et al.Shipping route planning model of oilfield waters based on genetic algorithm[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Transportation Science&Engineering),2017,41(4):638-641+646.(in Chinese)
[28]雷英杰,张善文.MATLAB遗传算法工具箱及应用[M].2版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2014.LEI Yingjie,ZHANG Shanwen.Genetic algorithm toolbox and application of MATLAB(second edition)[M].2nd ed.Xian:Xidian University Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[29]李国,阮晓青.关于简单遗传算法变异率的理论分析[J].工程数学学报,2006,23(3):468-474.LI Guo,RUAN Xiaoqing.On the theoretical analysis of mutation rate of simple genetic algorithms[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Mathematics,2006,23(3):468-474.(in Chinese)
[30]刘成堃,贾涛,高琦丽,等.基于改进遗传算法的省级医疗中心选址研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2016,52(6):13-18+25.LIU Chengkun,JIA Tao,GAO Qili,et al.Study on location and allocation of healthcare center based on improvedgenetic algorithm[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2016,52(6):13-18+25.(in Chinese)