基于整流侧触发角紧急控制的换相失败预防策略
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摘要
分析换相失败的机理,指出现有换相失败预防控制措施的局限性,提出一种基于整流侧触发角紧急控制的换相失败预防策略。该控制策略根据交流系统故障严重程度及系统的恢复情况确定整流侧触发角参考值,采用可变启动阈值调整控制系统检测交流故障的灵敏度;采用可变输出惯性时间常数确定控制器输出量的变化速度,从而达到既预防换相失败又兼顾交直流系统恢复速度的目的。以改进的CIGRE HVDC模型为例进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明所提方法的优越性,并验证了可变启动阈值及可变输出惯性时间常数设计的合理性。此外,分析并仿真说明了整流侧到逆变侧的站间通信时延对控制系统作用效果的影响。
The mechanism of commutation failures is analyzed,and the limitation of the existing commutation failure mitigation methods is pointed out. A novel RTAEC( Rectifier Trigger Angle Emergency Control) strategy is thus proposed. By applying this strategy,the trigger angle reference in the rectifier side can be determined according to the severity of AC faults and the stage of system recovery,the sensitivity of AC faults detection of control system is adjusted according to the variable start-up threshold,and the changing rate of the output is controlled according to the changeable output inertia time constant. Thus,the prevention of commutation failures and the restoring speed of AC/DC system are both taken into consideration. Taking a modified CIGRE HVDC model as the simulation example,the results verify the superiority of the proposed approach and the rationality of the design of variable start-up threshold and changeable output inertia time constant. Furthermore,the effect of the communication delay between stations at the rectifier-side and the inverter-side on the control system is also analyzed and simulated.
The mechanism of commutation failures is analyzed,and the limitation of the existing commutation failure mitigation methods is pointed out. A novel RTAEC( Rectifier Trigger Angle Emergency Control) strategy is thus proposed. By applying this strategy,the trigger angle reference in the rectifier side can be determined according to the severity of AC faults and the stage of system recovery,the sensitivity of AC faults detection of control system is adjusted according to the variable start-up threshold,and the changing rate of the output is controlled according to the changeable output inertia time constant. Thus,the prevention of commutation failures and the restoring speed of AC/DC system are both taken into consideration. Taking a modified CIGRE HVDC model as the simulation example,the results verify the superiority of the proposed approach and the rationality of the design of variable start-up threshold and changeable output inertia time constant. Furthermore,the effect of the communication delay between stations at the rectifier-side and the inverter-side on the control system is also analyzed and simulated.
引文
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[14]李思思,贺兴容,明志强,等.电容换相换流器在预防高压直流换相失败上的特性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(18):88-92.LI Sisi,HE Xingrong,MING Zhiqiang,et al.Characteristics of capacitor commutated converter in the prevention of HVDC in commutation failure[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(18):88-92.
[15]李春华,孙宝奎,赵成勇,等.半控型H桥子模块提高HVDC换相失败免疫力的机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2419-2427.LI Chunhua,SUN Baokui,ZHAO Chengyong,et al.Mechanism of semicontrolled H-bridge sub-module to improve commutation failure immunity of HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2419-2427.
[16]孙国强,高楷,卫志农,等.抑制HVDC系统换相失败的自适应PI控制方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):39-46.SUN Guoqiang,GAO Kai,WEI Zhinong,et al.Adaptive PI control method to restrain commutation failure in HVDC system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):39-46.
[17]ZHANG L,DOFNAS L.A novel method to mitigate commutation failures in HVDC systems[C]∥2002 International Conference on Power System Technology(POWERCON).Kunming,China:IEEE,2002:51-56.
[18]陈树勇,李新年,余军,等.基于正余弦分量检测的高压直流换相失败预防方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(14):1-6.CHEN Shuyong,LI Xinnian,YU Jun,et al.A method based on the sin-cos components detection mitigates commutation failure in HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(14):1-6.
[19]欧开健,任震,荆勇.直流输电系统换相失败的研究(一):换相失败的影响因素分析[J].电力自动化设备,2003,23(5):5-8.OU Kaijian,REN Zhen,JING Yong.Research on commutation failure in HVDC transmission system part 1:commutation failure factors analysis[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2003,23(5):5-8.
[20]雷霄,孙栩,李新年,等.适应大容量直流接入弱受端的直流极控系统优化控制方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(9):205-209.LEI Xiao,SUN Xu,LI Xinnian,et al.Optimization methods of pole control system for large-capacity HVDC accessing to weak receiving system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(9):205-209.
[21]郭利娜,刘天琪,李兴源.抑制多馈入直流输电系统后续换相失败措施研究[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(11):95-99.GUO Lina,LIU Tianqi,LI Xingyuan.Measures inhibiting follow-up commutation failures in multi-infeed HVDC system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(11):95-99.
[22]刘羽超,郭春义,许韦华,等.一种降低直流输电换相失败概率的控制方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):76-82.LIU Yuchao,GUO Chunyi,XU Weihua,et al.A control method to reduce commutation failure probability in HVDC power transmission[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):76-82.
[23]赵成勇,李丹,刘羽超,等.含有STATCOM的高压直流输电系统控制方法[J].高电压技术,2014,40(8):2440-2448.ZHAO Chengyong,LI Dan,LIU Yuchao,et al.Control method for HVDC system with STATCOM[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(8):2440-2448.
[24]WEI Z,YUAN Y,LEI X,et al.Direct-current predictive control strategy for inhibiting commutation failure in HVDC converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(5):2409-2417.
[25]李程昊,刘畅,张振安,等.计及换相失败预测控制和故障合闸角的HVDC换相失败分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):56-63.LI Chenghao,LIU Chang,ZHANG Zhen'an,et al.Analysis of commutation failure in HVDC power transmission system considering prediction control of commutation failure and initial fault angle[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(3):56-63.
[26]孙景强,郭小江,张健,等.多馈入直流输电系统受端电网动态特性[J].电网技术,2009,33(4):57-60.SUN Jingqiang,GUO Xiaojiang,ZHANG Jian,et al.Dynamic characteristics of receiving-end of multi-infeed HVDC power transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(4):57-60.
[27]彭发喜,汪震,邓银秋,等.混合式直流断路器在柔性直流电网中应用初探[J].电网技术,2017,41(7):2092-2098.PENG Faxi,WANG Zhen,DENG Yinqiu,et al.Potentials of hybrid HVDC circuit breakers'application to MMC-HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(7):2092-2098.
[2]雷霄,孙栩,李新年,等.适应大容量直流接入弱受端的直流极控系统优化控制方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(9):205-209.LEI Xiao,SUN Xu,LI Xinnian,et al.Optimization methods of pole control system for large-capacity HVDC accessing to weak receiving system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(9):205-209.
[3]吴庆范,黄金海,张爱玲,等.溪洛渡-浙江±800 k V特高压直流输电工程直流保护系统实施策略及其仿真试验研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(1):115-121.WU Qingfan,HUANG Jinhai,ZHANG Ailing,et al.DC protection system implementation strategy and simulation test study of±800kV UHVDC power transmission project from Xiluodu to Zhejiang[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(1):115-121.
[4]夏俊荣,汪春,许晓慧,等.中阿电网互联之未来新能源电力丝路[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3662-3670.XIA Junrong,WANG Chun,XU Xiaohui,et al.Renewable energy generation linked by future China-Arab interconnection[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3662-3670.
[5]袁阳,卫志农,雷霄,等.直流输电系统换相失败研究综述[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(11):140-147.YUAN Yang,WEI Zhinong,LEI Xiao,et al.Survey of commutation failures in DC transmission systems[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(11):140-147.
[6]申洪明,宋璇坤,黄少锋,等.换相失败对TA传变特性及换流变差动保护的影响分析[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(4):218-223.SHEN Hongming,SONG Xuankun,HUANG Shaofeng,et al.Effect of commutation failure on transfer characteristics of CT and differential protection of converter transformer[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(4):218-223.
[7]申洪明,黄少锋,费彬.HVDC换相失败暂态特性及其对差动保护的影响分析和对策[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(4):109-114.SHEN Hongming,HUANG Shaofeng,FEI Bin.Transient characteristic of HVDC system during commutation failure,its effect on differential protection and countermeasures[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(4):109-114.
[8]余晓鹏,张雪敏,钟雨芯,等.交直流系统连锁故障模型及停电风险分析[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(19):33-39.YU Xiaopeng,ZHANG Xuemin,ZHONG Yuxin,et al.Cascading failure model of AC-DC system and blackout risk analysis[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(19):33-39.
[9]NAYAK O B,GOLE A M,CHAPMAN D G,et al.Dynamic performance of static and synchronous compensators at an HVDC inverter bus in a very weak AC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994,9(3):1350-1358.
[10]OLIVEIRA M D,POLOUJADOFF M,DU A L,et al.Supply of an entirely passive AC system through an HVDC link[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,1994,16(16):111-116.
[11]LEE H J,SON G T,YOO J I,et al.Effect of a SFCL on commutation failure in a HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2013,23(3):1051-1054.
[12]REEVE J,BARON J A,HANLEY G A.A technical assessment of artificial commutation of HVDC converters with series capacitors[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1968,PAS-87(10):1830-1840.
[13]赵成勇,蒋碧松,郭春义,等.一种基于反并联晶闸管全桥子模块的新型电容换相换流器[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(4):1167-1176.ZHAO Chengyong,JIANG Bisong,GUO Chunyi,et al.An enhanced capacitor commutated converters based on an anti-parallel thyristor full bridge submodule[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):1167-1176.
[14]李思思,贺兴容,明志强,等.电容换相换流器在预防高压直流换相失败上的特性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(18):88-92.LI Sisi,HE Xingrong,MING Zhiqiang,et al.Characteristics of capacitor commutated converter in the prevention of HVDC in commutation failure[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(18):88-92.
[15]李春华,孙宝奎,赵成勇,等.半控型H桥子模块提高HVDC换相失败免疫力的机理[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2419-2427.LI Chunhua,SUN Baokui,ZHAO Chengyong,et al.Mechanism of semicontrolled H-bridge sub-module to improve commutation failure immunity of HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2419-2427.
[16]孙国强,高楷,卫志农,等.抑制HVDC系统换相失败的自适应PI控制方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):39-46.SUN Guoqiang,GAO Kai,WEI Zhinong,et al.Adaptive PI control method to restrain commutation failure in HVDC system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):39-46.
[17]ZHANG L,DOFNAS L.A novel method to mitigate commutation failures in HVDC systems[C]∥2002 International Conference on Power System Technology(POWERCON).Kunming,China:IEEE,2002:51-56.
[18]陈树勇,李新年,余军,等.基于正余弦分量检测的高压直流换相失败预防方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(14):1-6.CHEN Shuyong,LI Xinnian,YU Jun,et al.A method based on the sin-cos components detection mitigates commutation failure in HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(14):1-6.
[19]欧开健,任震,荆勇.直流输电系统换相失败的研究(一):换相失败的影响因素分析[J].电力自动化设备,2003,23(5):5-8.OU Kaijian,REN Zhen,JING Yong.Research on commutation failure in HVDC transmission system part 1:commutation failure factors analysis[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2003,23(5):5-8.
[20]雷霄,孙栩,李新年,等.适应大容量直流接入弱受端的直流极控系统优化控制方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(9):205-209.LEI Xiao,SUN Xu,LI Xinnian,et al.Optimization methods of pole control system for large-capacity HVDC accessing to weak receiving system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(9):205-209.
[21]郭利娜,刘天琪,李兴源.抑制多馈入直流输电系统后续换相失败措施研究[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(11):95-99.GUO Lina,LIU Tianqi,LI Xingyuan.Measures inhibiting follow-up commutation failures in multi-infeed HVDC system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(11):95-99.
[22]刘羽超,郭春义,许韦华,等.一种降低直流输电换相失败概率的控制方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):76-82.LIU Yuchao,GUO Chunyi,XU Weihua,et al.A control method to reduce commutation failure probability in HVDC power transmission[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):76-82.
[23]赵成勇,李丹,刘羽超,等.含有STATCOM的高压直流输电系统控制方法[J].高电压技术,2014,40(8):2440-2448.ZHAO Chengyong,LI Dan,LIU Yuchao,et al.Control method for HVDC system with STATCOM[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(8):2440-2448.
[24]WEI Z,YUAN Y,LEI X,et al.Direct-current predictive control strategy for inhibiting commutation failure in HVDC converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(5):2409-2417.
[25]李程昊,刘畅,张振安,等.计及换相失败预测控制和故障合闸角的HVDC换相失败分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):56-63.LI Chenghao,LIU Chang,ZHANG Zhen'an,et al.Analysis of commutation failure in HVDC power transmission system considering prediction control of commutation failure and initial fault angle[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(3):56-63.
[26]孙景强,郭小江,张健,等.多馈入直流输电系统受端电网动态特性[J].电网技术,2009,33(4):57-60.SUN Jingqiang,GUO Xiaojiang,ZHANG Jian,et al.Dynamic characteristics of receiving-end of multi-infeed HVDC power transmission system[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(4):57-60.
[27]彭发喜,汪震,邓银秋,等.混合式直流断路器在柔性直流电网中应用初探[J].电网技术,2017,41(7):2092-2098.PENG Faxi,WANG Zhen,DENG Yinqiu,et al.Potentials of hybrid HVDC circuit breakers'application to MMC-HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(7):2092-2098.