中国部分地方黄牛遗传改良及其种质资源利用现状
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摘要
黄牛作为中国传统的"六畜"之一,对农耕文明的延续和中华民族的发展举足轻重。虽然中国本地黄牛具有耐粗饲、抗逆性好、肉质细嫩等特点,但其自身存在的生长速度慢、体型发育不佳、胴体产肉少、优质牛肉切块率低等缺点,导致在全球动物种业竞争不断加剧的情况下,我国黄牛产业缺乏核心品种的专业化竞争力的问题也日益严重。为此,本文对我国主要黄牛品种遗传改良方法、种质资源利用现状进行阐述,并对黄牛改良进程中出现的问题提出了相应的建议和对策。
As one of Chinese traditional domestic animals,Yellow cattle is important for the continuation of agricultural civilization and the development of the Chinese nation.Although the Chinese local Yellow Cattle have good meat quality and excellent characters of disease-resistance and resistance of crude feed,its own disadvantages,such as slow growth,poor body development,low carcass production and low quality beef cutting rate,still exist.With the increasing competition of the global animal seed industry,the problem of the shortage of cattle varieties becoming more and more serious.So,the genetic improvement and germplasm resources utilization of the main cattle breeds in China were elaborated,and the corresponding suggestions and countermeasures for the yellow cattle improvement were also put forward.
As one of Chinese traditional domestic animals,Yellow cattle is important for the continuation of agricultural civilization and the development of the Chinese nation.Although the Chinese local Yellow Cattle have good meat quality and excellent characters of disease-resistance and resistance of crude feed,its own disadvantages,such as slow growth,poor body development,low carcass production and low quality beef cutting rate,still exist.With the increasing competition of the global animal seed industry,the problem of the shortage of cattle varieties becoming more and more serious.So,the genetic improvement and germplasm resources utilization of the main cattle breeds in China were elaborated,and the corresponding suggestions and countermeasures for the yellow cattle improvement were also put forward.
引文
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[14]张善芝.肉牛杂交组合对生长性能的影响及调查[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[15]崔国梅.夏南牛和中国西门塔尔牛肉品特性的比较研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[16]李玉红.夏罗莱牛引入甘肃的适应性观察[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2013,44(09):49-50.
[17]杨晓冰,陈宏,滑留帅,杨奇,刘波.利木赞牛与中国西部2个黄牛群体杂交效果分析[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(4):55-58.
[18]冯平.肉牛改良的策略探讨[J].畜禽业,2014,25(12):55-56.
[19]黄冬兰.加强规模畜禽场监管的措施浅谈[J].畜禽业,2014,25(12):56-57.
[20]YANG Xiao-yu.Improving in vitro development of cloned bovine embryos with hybrid(Holstein-Chinese Yellow)recipient oocytes recovered by ovum pick up[J].Theriogenology,2005,64(6):63-72.
[2]林妍,谢洪武,孙中原.利鲁二元杂交肉牛与鲁西黄牛育肥对比效果试验[J].基层农技推广,2016,4(2):31-33.
[3]中国畜牧业协会.第六届中国牛业发展大会论文集[C].北京:中国畜牧业协会牛业分会出版社,2011.
[4]刘吕林.肉牛生长发育性状杂种优势与微卫星遗传距离的关系研究[J].中国牛业科学,2007,33(3):6-8.
[5]Zhang G X.Genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous yellow cattle breeds of China using 30 microsatellite markers[J].Animal Genetics,2007(01):64-67.
[6]左福元,赵智华,曾子建,等.川南山地黄牛放牧补饲肥育实验[J].四川畜牧兽医学院学报,2001,23(6):561-567.
[7]左福元,张宗骅,曾子建,等.黄牛舍饲肥育研究报告[J].西南农业大学学报,2001,2(6):561-567.
[8]陈红跃.营养模式对肉牛生产性能的影响研究[D].西南农业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[9]唐骏,格桑加措,邬春华,卓玛琼达,陈景瑞.西藏山南地区乳肉兼用牛选育的基本思路与措施[J].中国草食动物科学,2014,34(6):68-70.
[10]王冰雁,姜林.皮南牛适宜级进杂交代数的研究[J].四川畜牧兽医,2014,42(3):30-32.
[11]杨国荣,李天平,赵开典,赵刚,朱芳贤.不同杂交组合牛的繁殖性能研究[J].黄牛杂志,1996,(22增刊):16-19.
[12]邢志先.云南省楚雄州肉牛改良措施及发展对策[J].养殖与饲料,2011,10(3):74-76.
[13]文平,李昊帮,燕海峰.同期发情冷配技术提高农村肉牛品改经济效益分析[J].中国草食动物,2008,28(4):48-50.
[14]张善芝.肉牛杂交组合对生长性能的影响及调查[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.
[15]崔国梅.夏南牛和中国西门塔尔牛肉品特性的比较研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[16]李玉红.夏罗莱牛引入甘肃的适应性观察[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2013,44(09):49-50.
[17]杨晓冰,陈宏,滑留帅,杨奇,刘波.利木赞牛与中国西部2个黄牛群体杂交效果分析[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(4):55-58.
[18]冯平.肉牛改良的策略探讨[J].畜禽业,2014,25(12):55-56.
[19]黄冬兰.加强规模畜禽场监管的措施浅谈[J].畜禽业,2014,25(12):56-57.
[20]YANG Xiao-yu.Improving in vitro development of cloned bovine embryos with hybrid(Holstein-Chinese Yellow)recipient oocytes recovered by ovum pick up[J].Theriogenology,2005,64(6):63-72.