花岗岩岩爆声发射时空熵值动态特征实验研究
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摘要
对花岗岩开展室内真三轴条件下岩爆模拟实验,并运用声发射监测技术获得其变形破坏过程中声发射参数和空间定位信息。基于信息熵理论,分析试样在破坏过程中声发射事件在时空上从无序走向有序的演化过程,计算得到了声发射事件空间熵值和时间熵值。实验表明:岩石破坏前声发射能量突然大量释放,声发射事件出现空间积聚现象;空间熵值出现"震荡-上升-下降-小幅上升-急剧下降"和时间熵值出现"震荡-下降-小幅上升-急剧下降"的演化模式。2种熵值在岩爆发生前都出现了急剧下降的现象,可作为岩爆发生前兆信息,下降点可作为岩爆预警点。并运用耗散结构理论证明了岩石破裂失稳过程中时空熵值演化是一个远离平衡态的非线性动力过程。实验结果为岩爆预测提供了新的手段,对于实际矿山岩爆等动力灾害的预警具有一定的理论研究意义。
Under true triaxial stresses, rockburst simulation experiment of granite is carried out in laboratory. AE(acoustic emission) parameters and spatial location in the process of granite failure are obtained through AE technology. The evolution process of AE events from disorder to order is analyzed based on the information entropy theory, and the spatial and time entropy of AE events are calculated.The results have shown that the AE energy releases suddenly and the AE events accumulate in space before rock failure. The space entropy presents the evolution model of "shock-rise-drop-increase slightly-drop sharply" and the time entropy presents that of "shock-drop-increase slightly-drop sharply". Both of the entropy shows a sharp decrease before rockburst, which can be viewed as precursor information of rockburst. The dropping point can be regarded as a predicting point. The dissipative structure theory is used to prove that the evolution of spati-temporal entropy is a nonlinear dynamic process away from equilibrium state. The results provide a new means for the prediction of rockburst, and have certain theoretical significance for predicting dynamic disasters such as rockburst in mines.
Under true triaxial stresses, rockburst simulation experiment of granite is carried out in laboratory. AE(acoustic emission) parameters and spatial location in the process of granite failure are obtained through AE technology. The evolution process of AE events from disorder to order is analyzed based on the information entropy theory, and the spatial and time entropy of AE events are calculated.The results have shown that the AE energy releases suddenly and the AE events accumulate in space before rock failure. The space entropy presents the evolution model of "shock-rise-drop-increase slightly-drop sharply" and the time entropy presents that of "shock-drop-increase slightly-drop sharply". Both of the entropy shows a sharp decrease before rockburst, which can be viewed as precursor information of rockburst. The dropping point can be regarded as a predicting point. The dissipative structure theory is used to prove that the evolution of spati-temporal entropy is a nonlinear dynamic process away from equilibrium state. The results provide a new means for the prediction of rockburst, and have certain theoretical significance for predicting dynamic disasters such as rockburst in mines.
引文
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[18]HE M C,NIE W,ZHAO Z Y,et al.Experimental investigation of bedding plane orientation on the rockburst behavior of sandstone[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(3):311-326.
[19]LI X,DU K,LI D.True triaxial strength and failure modes of cubic rock specimens with unloading the minor principal stress[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(6):2185-2196.
[20]SHANNON C.A mathematical theory of communication[J].Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27(3):379-423.
[21]WANG C L,BAO T C,LU H,et al.Variation regulation of the acoustic emission energy parameter during the failure process of granite under uniaxial compression[J].Materials testing,2015,57(9):755-760.
[22]GEIGER L.Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters from the arrival time only[J].Bulletin of St.Louis University,1912,8(1):60-71.
[23]PRIGOGINE I.Structure,dissipation and life[M].Amsterdam:North-Holland Publishing Company,1969:23-30.
[2]COOK N G W.Natural joints in rock:mechanical,hydraulic and seismic behaviour and properties under normal stress[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1992,29(3):198-223.
[3]何满潮,苗金丽,李德建,等.深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):865-876.HE Manchao,MIAO Jinli,LI Dejian,et al.Experimental study on rockburst processes of granite specimen at great depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):865-876.
[4]XU N W,TANG C A,HONG L,et al.Excavationinduced microseismicity:microseismic monitoring and numerical simulation[J].Journal of Zhejiang University Science(Applied Physics&Engineering),2012,13(6):445-460.
[5]KOEMER R M,MCCABC W M,Lord J A E.Overview of acoustic emission monitoring of rock structures[J].Rock mechanics,1981,14(1):27-35.
[6]杨健,王连俊.岩爆机理声发射试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3796-3802.YANG Jian,WANG Lianjun.Study on mechanism of rock burst by acoustic emission testing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(20):3796-3802.
[7]WANG C L.Identification of early-warning key point for rockma ss ins tability using acoustic emis sion/microseismic activity monitoring[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2014,71:171-175.
[8]WANG C L,LU H,WANG F L,et al.Characteristic point of the relatively quiet period for limestone failure under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Testing and Evaluation,2014,43(6):1296-1307.
[9]吴贤振,刘祥鑫,梁正召,等.不同岩石破裂全过程的声发射序列分形特征试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(12):3561-3569.WU Xianzhen,LIU Xiangxin,LIANG Zhengzhao,et al.Experimental study of fractal dimension of AE serials of different rocks under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(12):3561-3569.
[10]CARPINTERI A,LACIDOGNA G,NICCOLINI G.Critical behaviour in concrete structures and damage localization by acoustic emission[J].Key Engineering Materials,2006,312(11):1892-1900.
[11]李元辉,刘建坡,赵兴东,等.岩石破裂过程中的声发射b值及分形特征研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2559-2563.LI Yuanhui,LIU Jianpo,ZHAO Xingdong,et al.Study on b-value and fractal dimension of acoustic emission during rock failure process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(9):2559-2563.
[12]LEI X,MASUDA K,NISHIZAWA O,et al.Detailed analysis of acoustic emission activity during catastrophic fracture of faults in rock[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26(2):247-258.
[13]PEI J,FEI W,LIU J.Spatial evolution and fractal characteristics of natural fractures in marbles under uniaxial compression loading based on the source location technology of acoustic emission[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(9):828.
[14]李安强,张茹,艾婷,等.花岗岩单轴压缩全过程声发射时空演化行为及破坏前兆研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(增刊2):306-311.LI Anqiang,ZHANG Ru,AI Ting,et al.Acoustic emission space-time evolution rules and failure precursors of granite under uniaxial compression[J].2016,38(Sup 2):306-311.
[15]BRESSAN G,BARNABA C,GENTILI S,et al.Information entropy of earthquake populations in northeastern Italy and western Slovenia[J].Physics of the Earth&Planetary Interiors,2017,271(10):29-46.
[16]朱传镇,王林瑛.地震活动熵值及其在地震危险性估计中的应用[J].地震,1988,4(2):34-38.ZHU Chuanzhen,WANG Linying.Entropy value of seismic activity and its application in earthquake risk estimation[J].Earthquake,1988,4(2):34-38.
[17]WANG C L.Evolution,monitoring and predicting models of rockburst[M].Springer,2017:78-90.
[18]HE M C,NIE W,ZHAO Z Y,et al.Experimental investigation of bedding plane orientation on the rockburst behavior of sandstone[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(3):311-326.
[19]LI X,DU K,LI D.True triaxial strength and failure modes of cubic rock specimens with unloading the minor principal stress[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(6):2185-2196.
[20]SHANNON C.A mathematical theory of communication[J].Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27(3):379-423.
[21]WANG C L,BAO T C,LU H,et al.Variation regulation of the acoustic emission energy parameter during the failure process of granite under uniaxial compression[J].Materials testing,2015,57(9):755-760.
[22]GEIGER L.Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters from the arrival time only[J].Bulletin of St.Louis University,1912,8(1):60-71.
[23]PRIGOGINE I.Structure,dissipation and life[M].Amsterdam:North-Holland Publishing Company,1969:23-30.