无标度网络的级联失效缓解策略
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摘要
级联失效现象是一种节点失效的动态效应,会瞬间波及全网,造成全局网络瘫痪,成为无标度网络的规模化应用瓶颈.针对无标度网络的级联失效问题,提出一种可抵御任意单个节点失效引发的级联失效的缓解策略.在无标度网络中,节点容量是恒定的,根据这一特点建立级联失效模型,推导出网络发生大规模级联失效的承载极限,进而针对按节点度降序攻击的节点失效行为,提出相应的级联失效缓解策略.仿真实验结果表明,只对网络中小部分节点度大的超载节点采取一次缓解策略,可以显著改进无标度网络对此类攻击的级联失效抵御能力,同时通过数值模拟发现,网络总节点数和节点容量与网络的级联失效抵御能力正相关.
Cascading failure is a kind of dynamic effect of node failure, which can be instantly spread to the whole network,causing global network paralysis, and becomes the bottleneck of the large-scale application of the scale-free network. In view of the cascading failure of the scale-free network, a new method is proposed, which can resist the failure of any single node. A cascading failure model is established according to the characteristics of the constant capacity of nodes in the scale-free network, and the load limit of the large-scale cascading failure of the network is obtained. Then according to node degree descending attack failure behavior, a cascading failure mitigation strategy is proposed. Simulation results show that the network can significantly improve the cascading failure resilience of the scale-free network, only by taking the mitigation strategy for a small part overloaded nodes with large node degree once in the network. Numerical simulation shows that the total number of nodes and the capacity of the network are proportional to the cascading failure resilience.
Cascading failure is a kind of dynamic effect of node failure, which can be instantly spread to the whole network,causing global network paralysis, and becomes the bottleneck of the large-scale application of the scale-free network. In view of the cascading failure of the scale-free network, a new method is proposed, which can resist the failure of any single node. A cascading failure model is established according to the characteristics of the constant capacity of nodes in the scale-free network, and the load limit of the large-scale cascading failure of the network is obtained. Then according to node degree descending attack failure behavior, a cascading failure mitigation strategy is proposed. Simulation results show that the network can significantly improve the cascading failure resilience of the scale-free network, only by taking the mitigation strategy for a small part overloaded nodes with large node degree once in the network. Numerical simulation shows that the total number of nodes and the capacity of the network are proportional to the cascading failure resilience.
引文
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[4]Wu F F,Varaiya P P.Smart grids with intelligent periphery:An architecture for the energy internet[J].Engineering,2015,1(4):436-446.
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[6]Motter A E,Lai Y C.Cascade-based attacks on complex networks[J].Physical Review E Statistical Nonlinear&Soft Matter Physics,2002,66(2):114-129.
[7]Goh K I,Lee D S,Kahng B,et al.Cascading toppling dynamics on scale-free networks[J].Physica A,2005,346(1/2):93-103.
[8]Dobson L,Carreras B A,Newman D E.A probabilistic loading-dependent model of cascading failure and possible implications for blackouts[J].System Sciences,2003,65(1):6-9.
[9]Wang J W,Rong L L.A model for cascading failures in scale-free networks with a breakdown probability[J].Physica A,2009,388(7):1289-1298.
[10]Dou B L,Wang X G,Zhang S Y.Robustness of networks against cascading failures[J].Physica A,2010,389(11):2310-2317.
[11]Peng X Z,Yao H,Du J,et al.Invulnerability of scale-free network against critical node failures based on a renewed cascading failure model[J].Physica A,2015,421(3):69-77.
[12]Liu Y N,Li X,Chen S Z,et al.Model for cascading network failures based on the nodes with different tolerance parameter[J].J of China Universities,2011,18(5):95-101.
[13]Mao Z J.Research of disaster spread and control in infrastructure networks[D].Wuhan:School of Systems Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2010.
[14]Zhang Y,Yang N.Development of a mitigation strategy against the cascading propagation of risk in R&D network[J].Safety Science,2014,68(68):161-168.
[15]Yi C Q,Bao Y Y.Mitigation strategy against cascading failures on social networks[J].China Communications,2014,11(8):34-46.
[16]蔡君,余顺争.一种有效提高无标度网络负载容量的管理策略[J].物理学报,2013,62(5):058901.(Cai J,Yu S Z.An efficient management strategy for enhancing traffic capacity in scale-free networks[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(5):058901.)
[17]Newman M E J,Strogatz S H,Watts D J.Random graphs with arbitrary degree distributions and their applications[J].Physical Review E Statistical Nonlinear&Soft Matter Physics,2001,64(64):359-382.
[18]尹荣荣,刘彬,刘浩然,等.无线传感器网络中无标度拓扑的动态容错性分析[J].物理学报,2014,63(11):110205.(Yin R R,Liu B,Liu H R,et al.Dynamic fault-tolerance analysis of scale-free top ology in wireless sensor networks[J].Acta Physica Sinicla,2014,63(11):110205.)
[19]Albert R,Jeng H.Error and attack tolerance of complex networks[J].Nature,2000,406(6794):542-550.