枯草芽孢杆菌对产气荚膜梭菌攻毒肉鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对产气荚膜梭菌攻毒肉鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响。选用480只1日龄肉公鸡(Ross 308)随机分为5组,分别为对照组(CON组)、产气荚膜梭菌攻毒组(CP组)、CP+10 mg/kg恩拉霉素组(ENRA组),CP+10 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌(1010CFU/g)组(BS组)和CP+5 mg/kg恩拉霉素+10 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌组(ENRA+BS组),每组8个重复,每个重复12只,试验期42 d。所有攻毒组肉鸡在第14天时口服混合型艾美尔球虫悬浮液[11 000孢子/(mL·只)],第16～18天时口服产气荚膜梭菌悬浮液[108CFU/(mL·只)]。结果表明:1)与CP组相比,ENRA组、BS组和ENRA+BS组肉鸡第1～21天料重比有降低的趋势(P=0.051);与CON组相比,ENRA组和ENRA+BS组肉鸡第1～42天料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与CP组相比,ENRA组、BS组和ENRA+BS组肉鸡第28天空肠病变计分极显著降低(P<0.01)。3)第21天和第42天时,ENRA组隐窝深度极显著低于CP组、BS组和ENRA+BS组(P<0.01)。第42天时,与CP组相比,ENRA组绒毛高度/隐窝深度(VH/CD)显著增加(P<0.05),BS组和ENRA+BS组VH/CD有提高趋势(P>0.05)。4)第21天时,与CP组相比,ENRA+BS组空肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A (SIgA)含量显著增加(P <0.05);第28天时,与CP组相比,BS组和ENRA+BS组空肠黏膜免疫球蛋白G (IgG)含量显著增加(P<0.05)。5)与CP组相比,ENRA组、BS组和ENRA+BS组第21天肉鸡大肠杆菌数量极显著降低(P<0.01); ENRA组、BS组和ENRA+BS组第28天肉鸡产气荚膜梭菌数量极显著降低(P<0.01)。由此得出,枯草芽孢杆菌可在一定程度上改善肉鸡肠道健康和生长性能,当与恩拉霉素(5 mg/kg)合用时,其效果更好,从而起到减少抗生素使用的作用。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis in the diet on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers challenged by Clostridium perfringens. A total of 480 1-day-old male broilers( Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 12 broilers per replicate. The 5 groups were control group( CON group),Clostridium perfringens challenge group( CP group),CP + 10 mg/kg enramycin group( ENRA group),CP + 10 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis( contained1010 CFU/g) group( BS group) and CP+5 mg/kg enramycin+10 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis group( ENRA+BS group). All the broilers in the challenge group were orally administered with a mixed Eimeria suspension( 11 000 spores/mL per broiler) at day 14,and a suspension of Clostridium perfringens( 108 CFU/mL per broiler) was orally administered at days 16 to 18. The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows:1) compared with CP group,feed/gain( F/G) of broilers at days 1 to 21 in ENRA group,BS group and ENRA+BS group had a tendency to decrease( P = 0.051). Compared with CON group,F/G of broilers at days 1 to 42 in ENRA group and ENRA + BS group significantly reduced( P < 0. 05). 2) Compared with the CP group,the jejunal lesion score of broilers at day 28 in ENRA group,BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly reduced( P<0.01). 3) At days 21 and 42,the crypt depth in the ENRA group was significantly lower than that in the CP group,BS group and ENRA +BS group( P < 0.01). At day 42,compared with the CP group,the villus height/crypt depth( VH/CD) in ENRA group significantly increased( P < 0. 05),and the VH/CD in the BS group and ENRA+BS group increased,but the difference was not significant( P>0.05). 4)At day 21,compared with CP group,secretory immunoglobulin A( SIgA) content in jejunal mucosa in ENRA+BS group significantly increased( P<0.05); at day 28,compared with CP group,immunoglobulin G( IgG) in jejunal mucosa in BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly increased( P<0.05). 5) Compared with the CP group,the number of Escherichia coli at day 21 in ENRA group,BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly reduced( P<0.01),and the number of Clostridium perfringens at day 28 in ENRA group,BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly reduced( P< 0.01). It was concluded that Bacillus subtilis can improve the intestinal health and growth performance of broilers to a certain extent. When combined with enramycin( 5 mg/kg),the effect is better,thus reducing the use of antibiotics.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2127-2135]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis in the diet on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers challenged by Clostridium perfringens. A total of 480 1-day-old male broilers( Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 12 broilers per replicate. The 5 groups were control group( CON group),Clostridium perfringens challenge group( CP group),CP + 10 mg/kg enramycin group( ENRA group),CP + 10 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis( contained1010 CFU/g) group( BS group) and CP+5 mg/kg enramycin+10 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis group( ENRA+BS group). All the broilers in the challenge group were orally administered with a mixed Eimeria suspension( 11 000 spores/mL per broiler) at day 14,and a suspension of Clostridium perfringens( 108 CFU/mL per broiler) was orally administered at days 16 to 18. The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows:1) compared with CP group,feed/gain( F/G) of broilers at days 1 to 21 in ENRA group,BS group and ENRA+BS group had a tendency to decrease( P = 0.051). Compared with CON group,F/G of broilers at days 1 to 42 in ENRA group and ENRA + BS group significantly reduced( P < 0. 05). 2) Compared with the CP group,the jejunal lesion score of broilers at day 28 in ENRA group,BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly reduced( P<0.01). 3) At days 21 and 42,the crypt depth in the ENRA group was significantly lower than that in the CP group,BS group and ENRA +BS group( P < 0.01). At day 42,compared with the CP group,the villus height/crypt depth( VH/CD) in ENRA group significantly increased( P < 0. 05),and the VH/CD in the BS group and ENRA+BS group increased,but the difference was not significant( P>0.05). 4)At day 21,compared with CP group,secretory immunoglobulin A( SIgA) content in jejunal mucosa in ENRA+BS group significantly increased( P<0.05); at day 28,compared with CP group,immunoglobulin G( IgG) in jejunal mucosa in BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly increased( P<0.05). 5) Compared with the CP group,the number of Escherichia coli at day 21 in ENRA group,BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly reduced( P<0.01),and the number of Clostridium perfringens at day 28 in ENRA group,BS group and ENRA+BS group significantly reduced( P< 0.01). It was concluded that Bacillus subtilis can improve the intestinal health and growth performance of broilers to a certain extent. When combined with enramycin( 5 mg/kg),the effect is better,thus reducing the use of antibiotics.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2127-2135]
引文
[1] VAN DER SLUIS W. Clostridial enteritis is an often underestimated problem[J]. World Poultry,2000,16:42-43.
[2]宣大蔚,马西艺.恩拉鼎(恩拉霉素)和阿维拉霉素对肠道产气荚膜梭菌作用的比较研究[C]//2011年山东畜牧兽医学会动物营养与饲料科学专业委员会年会论文集.泰安:山东畜牧兽医学会,2011:78-79.
[3] TEO A Y L,TAN H M.Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens by a novel strain of Bacillus subtilis isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy chickens[J].Applied and Environmental M icrobiology,2005,71(8):4185-4190.
[4]李鑫,何雅林.枯草芽孢杆菌PB6对肉鸡产气荚膜梭菌的控制效果研究[J].四川畜牧兽医,2016,43(1):30-31,33.
[5] FORDER R E A,NATTRASS G S,GEIER M S,et al.Quantitative analyses of genes associated w ith mucin synthesis of broiler chickens w ith induced necrotic enteritis[J]. Poultry Science,2012,91(6):1335-1341.
[6]钟丽梅,李东东,张克英,等.粉状饲料中小麦粉碎粒度对肉鸡生产性能、消化器官发育和肠道健康的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2018,36(1):100-107.
[7] LOVLAND A,KALDHUSDAL M.Severely impaired production performance in broiler flocks w ith high incidence of Clostridium perfringens-associated hepatitis[J].Avian Pathology,2001,30(1):73-81.
[8]李慧贤,何政肖,宋柏辰,等.三丁酸甘油酯对球虫/产气荚膜梭菌感染肉鸡生产性能和肠道健康的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(17):42-47.
[9]余东游,毛翔飞,秦艳,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及其抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(3):22-25.
[10]朱金林,谭斌,丁文杰,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对艾维因肉鸡生长性能的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2008(4):57-58.
[11]胡长庆,赵京扬,杨季芳,等.芽孢杆菌对鸡生长性能和盲肠细菌群落的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(10):32-34.
[12]宫秀燕,刘顺德,韦明,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对感染产气荚膜梭菌肉鸡生长性能、肠道病变及免疫器官指数的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(2):478-486.
[13]韩正康.家畜营养生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1993.
[14]王子旭.锌硒互作对肉鸡肠黏膜结构及黏膜免疫相关细胞影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2003.
[15]姚浪群,萨仁娜,佟建明,等.安普霉素对仔猪肠道微生物及肠壁组织结构的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,34(3):250-257.
[16] WU Y Y,SHAO Y J,SONG B C,et al.Effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the grow th performance and gut health of broiler chickens w ith Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2018,9:9.
[17]祁凤华,杨帆,马红,等.枯草芽孢杆菌与嗜酸乳杆菌对黄羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态和免疫器官指数的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(19):129-131.
[18] XING Y,WANG S,FAN J,et al. Effects of dietary supplementation w ith lysine-yielding Bacillus subtilis on gut morphology,cecal microflora,and intestinal immune response of Linwu ducks[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(7):3449-3457.
[19] JAYARAMAN S,THANGAVEL G,KURIAN H,et al. Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves intestinal health of broiler chickens challenged w ith Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis[J]. Poultry Science,2013,92(2):370-374.
[20] JACKSON M E,ANDERSON D M,HSIAO H Y,et al. Beneficial effect ofβ-mannanase feed enzyme on performance of chicks challenged w ith Eimeria sp.and Clostridium perfringens[J]. Avian Diseases,2003,47(3):759-763.
[21] WILLIAMS R B,MARSHALL R N,LA RAGIONE R M,et al.A new method for the experimental production of necrotic enteritis and its use for studies on the relationships betw een necrotic enteritis,coccidiosis and anticoccidial vaccination of chickens[J]. Parasitology Research,2003,90(1):19-26.
[22] SAINI M S,LIBERATI D M,DIEBEL L N.Sequential changes in mucosal immunity after hemorrhagic shock[J].The American Surgeon,2001,67(8):797-801.
[23] MACPHERSON A J,HUNZIKER L,MCCOY K,et al.IgA responses in the intestinal mucosa against pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms[J]. M icrobes and Infection,2001,3(12):1021-1035.
[24] OUWEHAND A,ISOLAURI E,SALMINEN S. The role of the intestinal microflora for the development of the immune system in early childhood[J]. European Journal of Nutrition,2002,41(Suppl.1):i32-i37.
[25] VINDEROLA G,MATAR C,PERDIGON G. Milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus R389 and its non-bacterial fraction confer enhanced protection against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium infection in mice[J]. Immunobiology,2007,212(2):107-118.
[26]王丽凤.益生菌L. plantarum P-8对肉鸡肠道菌群、肠道免疫和生长性能影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.
[27]唐志刚,温超,王恬,等.在不同营养水平日粮中添加益生菌对肉鸡抗氧化功能、黏膜免疫及回肠菌群的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(1):70-75.
[28]易中华,胥传来,计成,等.果寡糖和枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡肠道菌群数量及生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(12):11-14.
[29] LI Z,WANG W,LV Z,et al. Bacillus subtilis and yeast cell w all improve the intestinal health of broilers challenged by Clostridium perfringens[J]. British Poultry Science,2017,58(6):635-643.
[30] LA RAGIONE R M,WOODWARD M J.Competitive exclusion by Bacillus subtilis spores of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and Clostridium perfringens in young chickens[J].Veterinary M icrobiology,2003,94(3):245-256.
[2]宣大蔚,马西艺.恩拉鼎(恩拉霉素)和阿维拉霉素对肠道产气荚膜梭菌作用的比较研究[C]//2011年山东畜牧兽医学会动物营养与饲料科学专业委员会年会论文集.泰安:山东畜牧兽医学会,2011:78-79.
[3] TEO A Y L,TAN H M.Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens by a novel strain of Bacillus subtilis isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy chickens[J].Applied and Environmental M icrobiology,2005,71(8):4185-4190.
[4]李鑫,何雅林.枯草芽孢杆菌PB6对肉鸡产气荚膜梭菌的控制效果研究[J].四川畜牧兽医,2016,43(1):30-31,33.
[5] FORDER R E A,NATTRASS G S,GEIER M S,et al.Quantitative analyses of genes associated w ith mucin synthesis of broiler chickens w ith induced necrotic enteritis[J]. Poultry Science,2012,91(6):1335-1341.
[6]钟丽梅,李东东,张克英,等.粉状饲料中小麦粉碎粒度对肉鸡生产性能、消化器官发育和肠道健康的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2018,36(1):100-107.
[7] LOVLAND A,KALDHUSDAL M.Severely impaired production performance in broiler flocks w ith high incidence of Clostridium perfringens-associated hepatitis[J].Avian Pathology,2001,30(1):73-81.
[8]李慧贤,何政肖,宋柏辰,等.三丁酸甘油酯对球虫/产气荚膜梭菌感染肉鸡生产性能和肠道健康的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(17):42-47.
[9]余东游,毛翔飞,秦艳,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及其抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(3):22-25.
[10]朱金林,谭斌,丁文杰,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对艾维因肉鸡生长性能的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2008(4):57-58.
[11]胡长庆,赵京扬,杨季芳,等.芽孢杆菌对鸡生长性能和盲肠细菌群落的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(10):32-34.
[12]宫秀燕,刘顺德,韦明,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对感染产气荚膜梭菌肉鸡生长性能、肠道病变及免疫器官指数的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(2):478-486.
[13]韩正康.家畜营养生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1993.
[14]王子旭.锌硒互作对肉鸡肠黏膜结构及黏膜免疫相关细胞影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2003.
[15]姚浪群,萨仁娜,佟建明,等.安普霉素对仔猪肠道微生物及肠壁组织结构的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,34(3):250-257.
[16] WU Y Y,SHAO Y J,SONG B C,et al.Effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the grow th performance and gut health of broiler chickens w ith Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2018,9:9.
[17]祁凤华,杨帆,马红,等.枯草芽孢杆菌与嗜酸乳杆菌对黄羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态和免疫器官指数的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(19):129-131.
[18] XING Y,WANG S,FAN J,et al. Effects of dietary supplementation w ith lysine-yielding Bacillus subtilis on gut morphology,cecal microflora,and intestinal immune response of Linwu ducks[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(7):3449-3457.
[19] JAYARAMAN S,THANGAVEL G,KURIAN H,et al. Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves intestinal health of broiler chickens challenged w ith Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis[J]. Poultry Science,2013,92(2):370-374.
[20] JACKSON M E,ANDERSON D M,HSIAO H Y,et al. Beneficial effect ofβ-mannanase feed enzyme on performance of chicks challenged w ith Eimeria sp.and Clostridium perfringens[J]. Avian Diseases,2003,47(3):759-763.
[21] WILLIAMS R B,MARSHALL R N,LA RAGIONE R M,et al.A new method for the experimental production of necrotic enteritis and its use for studies on the relationships betw een necrotic enteritis,coccidiosis and anticoccidial vaccination of chickens[J]. Parasitology Research,2003,90(1):19-26.
[22] SAINI M S,LIBERATI D M,DIEBEL L N.Sequential changes in mucosal immunity after hemorrhagic shock[J].The American Surgeon,2001,67(8):797-801.
[23] MACPHERSON A J,HUNZIKER L,MCCOY K,et al.IgA responses in the intestinal mucosa against pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms[J]. M icrobes and Infection,2001,3(12):1021-1035.
[24] OUWEHAND A,ISOLAURI E,SALMINEN S. The role of the intestinal microflora for the development of the immune system in early childhood[J]. European Journal of Nutrition,2002,41(Suppl.1):i32-i37.
[25] VINDEROLA G,MATAR C,PERDIGON G. Milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus R389 and its non-bacterial fraction confer enhanced protection against Salmonella enteritidis serovar Typhimurium infection in mice[J]. Immunobiology,2007,212(2):107-118.
[26]王丽凤.益生菌L. plantarum P-8对肉鸡肠道菌群、肠道免疫和生长性能影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.
[27]唐志刚,温超,王恬,等.在不同营养水平日粮中添加益生菌对肉鸡抗氧化功能、黏膜免疫及回肠菌群的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(1):70-75.
[28]易中华,胥传来,计成,等.果寡糖和枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡肠道菌群数量及生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(12):11-14.
[29] LI Z,WANG W,LV Z,et al. Bacillus subtilis and yeast cell w all improve the intestinal health of broilers challenged by Clostridium perfringens[J]. British Poultry Science,2017,58(6):635-643.
[30] LA RAGIONE R M,WOODWARD M J.Competitive exclusion by Bacillus subtilis spores of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and Clostridium perfringens in young chickens[J].Veterinary M icrobiology,2003,94(3):245-256.