Comparison of Reference Genes for Transcriptional Studies in Postmortem Human Brain Tissue Under Different Conditions
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摘要
<正>Dear Editor Research on neurodegenerative diseases is a hot topic worldwide [1], and MRI, genetics and epigenetics, and animal models have been commonly used. Considering species differences, research on human brain samples is irreplaceable [2]. Many countries and regions have built brain banks to collect and store brain tissue from donors.Samples provided by a brain bank can be used to study synaptic structure, protein, DNA, RNA [3, 4], and lipids to illuminate the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases. When brain tissue is used for gene
引文
1.Nixon RA.The role of autophagy in neurodegenerative disease.Nat Med 2013,19:983-997.
2.Samarasekera N,Al-Shahi Salman R,Huitinga I,Klioueva N,McLean CA,Kretzschmar H,et al.Brain banking for neurological disorders.Lancet Neurol 2013,12:1096-1105.
3.Song CX,Clark TA,Lu XY,Kislyuk A,Dai Q,Turner SW,et al.Sensitive and specific single-molecule sequencing of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.Nat Methods 2011,9:75-77.
4.Durrenberger PF,Fernando S,Kashefi SN,Ferrer I,Hauw JJ,Seilhean D,et al.Effects of antemortem and postmortem variables on human brain mRNA quality:a BrainNet Europe study.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2010,69:70-81.
5.Liu Q,Qi X,Yan H,Huang L,Nie G,Zhang X.Reference gene selection for quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR in annual ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)subjected to various abiotic stresses.Molecules 2018,23:172.
6.Niu B,Zhang T,Hu HQ,Cao BZ.Transcriptome sequencing reveals astrocytes as a therapeutic target in heat-stroke.Neurosci Bull 2017,33:627-640.
7.Sherwood K,Head M,Walker R,Smith C,Ironside JW,Fazakerley JK.A new index of agonal state for neurological disease.Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2011,37:672-675.
8.Eisenberg E,Levanon EY.Human housekeeping genes,revisited.Trends Genet 2013,29:569-574.
9.Qiu WY,Ma C,Bao AM,Zhu KQ,Huang Y,Yan XX,et al.Standardized operational protocol for human brain banking in China.Acta Anat Sin 2017,48:282-289.
10.Penna I,Vella S,Gigoni A,Russo C,Cancedda R,Pagano A.Selection of candidate housekeeping genes for normalization in human postmortem brain samples.Int J Mol Sci 2011,12:5461-5470.
11.Grube S,Gottig T,Freitag D,Ewald C,Kalff R,Walter J.Selection of suitable reference genes for expression analysis in human glioma using RT-qPCR.J Neurooncol 2015,123:35-42.
12.Gresner SM,Golanska E,Kulczycka-Wojdala D,Jaskolski DJ,Papierz W,Liberski PP.Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in astrocytomas.Anal Biochem 2011,408:163-165.
13.Swijsen A,Nelissen K,Janssen D,Rigo JM,Hoogland G.Validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCRstudies in the dentate gyrus after experimental febrile seizures.BMC Res Notes 2012,5:685.
14.Sonntag KC,Tejada G,Subburaju S,Berretta S,Benes FM,Woo TU.Limited predictability of postmortem human brain tissue quality by RNA integrity numbers.J Neurochem 2016,138:53-59.
15.Ruzicka WB,Subburaju S,Benes FM.Circuit-and diagnosisspecific DNA methylation changes at gamma-aminobutyric acidrelated genes in postmortem human hippocampus in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.JAMA Psychiatry 2015,72:541-551.
2.Samarasekera N,Al-Shahi Salman R,Huitinga I,Klioueva N,McLean CA,Kretzschmar H,et al.Brain banking for neurological disorders.Lancet Neurol 2013,12:1096-1105.
3.Song CX,Clark TA,Lu XY,Kislyuk A,Dai Q,Turner SW,et al.Sensitive and specific single-molecule sequencing of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.Nat Methods 2011,9:75-77.
4.Durrenberger PF,Fernando S,Kashefi SN,Ferrer I,Hauw JJ,Seilhean D,et al.Effects of antemortem and postmortem variables on human brain mRNA quality:a BrainNet Europe study.J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2010,69:70-81.
5.Liu Q,Qi X,Yan H,Huang L,Nie G,Zhang X.Reference gene selection for quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR in annual ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)subjected to various abiotic stresses.Molecules 2018,23:172.
6.Niu B,Zhang T,Hu HQ,Cao BZ.Transcriptome sequencing reveals astrocytes as a therapeutic target in heat-stroke.Neurosci Bull 2017,33:627-640.
7.Sherwood K,Head M,Walker R,Smith C,Ironside JW,Fazakerley JK.A new index of agonal state for neurological disease.Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2011,37:672-675.
8.Eisenberg E,Levanon EY.Human housekeeping genes,revisited.Trends Genet 2013,29:569-574.
9.Qiu WY,Ma C,Bao AM,Zhu KQ,Huang Y,Yan XX,et al.Standardized operational protocol for human brain banking in China.Acta Anat Sin 2017,48:282-289.
10.Penna I,Vella S,Gigoni A,Russo C,Cancedda R,Pagano A.Selection of candidate housekeeping genes for normalization in human postmortem brain samples.Int J Mol Sci 2011,12:5461-5470.
11.Grube S,Gottig T,Freitag D,Ewald C,Kalff R,Walter J.Selection of suitable reference genes for expression analysis in human glioma using RT-qPCR.J Neurooncol 2015,123:35-42.
12.Gresner SM,Golanska E,Kulczycka-Wojdala D,Jaskolski DJ,Papierz W,Liberski PP.Selection of reference genes for gene expression studies in astrocytomas.Anal Biochem 2011,408:163-165.
13.Swijsen A,Nelissen K,Janssen D,Rigo JM,Hoogland G.Validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCRstudies in the dentate gyrus after experimental febrile seizures.BMC Res Notes 2012,5:685.
14.Sonntag KC,Tejada G,Subburaju S,Berretta S,Benes FM,Woo TU.Limited predictability of postmortem human brain tissue quality by RNA integrity numbers.J Neurochem 2016,138:53-59.
15.Ruzicka WB,Subburaju S,Benes FM.Circuit-and diagnosisspecific DNA methylation changes at gamma-aminobutyric acidrelated genes in postmortem human hippocampus in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.JAMA Psychiatry 2015,72:541-551.