夏季高原河流CDOM光学特性、组成及来源研究
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摘要
对高原河流有色溶解有机物(CDOM)光学特性、组成及来源进行研究,有利于更好的了解高原河流水体生态环境,为高原河流生态系统中溶解有机物(DOM)循环过程的研究提供数据参考.利用2017年夏季无定河和湟水流域河流的实测数据对CDOM的吸收特性、荧光特性、水质参数以及它们之间关系进行分析,进而对高原干旱地区河流CDOM光学特性及其组成与来源进行研究.研究结果表明:两流域河流中CDOM吸收系数随波长的增加呈衰减趋势,但吸收光谱曲线差别较大;两流域CDOM在440 nm处的吸收系数[a(440)]与溶解有机碳(DOC)具有显著相关性(p<0.01),而与叶绿素a浓度(Chla)不存在相关性.无定河a(440)与Chla浓度的相关性说明其河流现场产生(生物活动)作用较小.通过对比分析S_(275-295)、SUVA_(254)发现,无定河分子量和芳香性程度均大于湟水,且湟水与无定河CDOM的分子量变化要高于其它河流的研究.根据CDOM三维荧光光谱分析发现,类腐殖质荧光峰是两流域河流CDOM荧光的主要贡献者;通过荧光指数FI、腐殖化指数HIX、生物源指数BIX的研究发现,湟水以陆源输入为主,腐殖化程度高,无定河以陆源输入为主的同时存在一定的自生成分,人为生产活动干扰是其陆源输入的主要影响因素.通过冗余分析发现,湟水DOC、Chla、pH对类腐殖质荧光峰及荧光强度影响较大(p<0.01);无定河DOC、电导率(EC)、浊度(Tur)与类腐殖质荧光峰及荧光强度显著正相关(p<0.01).
Studying optical characteristics, composition and source of colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM) in the plateau river will help to understand the water ecological environment of the plateau rivers and provide foundations for researching dissolved organic matter(DOM) cycling in the plateau river ecosystem. CDOM absorption characteristics, fluorescence characteristics and water quality parameters as well as the relationships among them were analyzed based on the samples collected from Wudinghe and Huangshui rivers located in plateaus in 2017 summer to study characteristics, sources and the constituent of CDOM. Results show that CDOM absorption coefficient of the two rivers decreased with the increase of wavelength and the absorption spectra curve showed great differences in different watersheds. The absorption coefficient of CDOM at 440 nm [a(440)] strongly correlated with dissolved organic carbon(DOC) for the samples in the two watersheds while there was no correlation between a(440) and chlorophyll a concentration(Chla). Correlation between a(440) and Chla concentration in Wudinghe river indicated that the onsite generation(biological activity) of the river affected weakly on CDOM. Comparisons S_(275～295) and SUVA_(254) indicated that CDOM in Wudinghe river was more molecular weight and aromatic than that in Huangshui river. Moreover, the molecular weight changes of Huangshui river and Wudinghe river CDOM was higher than that of other rivers investigated in previous studies. According to the analysis based on the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, the humic-like fluorescence peaks were the main fluorescence of CDOM for both Huangshui and Wudinghe river. Fluorescence index(FI), humification index(HIX) and biological source index(BIX) showed that CDOM in Huangshui river was dominated by terrestrial input and the degree of humification was high while CDOM in Wudinghe River was also dominated by terrestrial input and exhibted a certain autogenous component. Redundancy analysis(RDA) results indicate that DOC, Chla and pH of Huangshui river had a great influence on the humic-like fluorescence peak and fluorescence intensity(p<0.1). DOC, electrical conductivity(EC) and turbidity(Tur) in Wudinghe river significantly positive correlated to the humic-like fluorescence peaks and fluorescence intensity(p<0.1).
Studying optical characteristics, composition and source of colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM) in the plateau river will help to understand the water ecological environment of the plateau rivers and provide foundations for researching dissolved organic matter(DOM) cycling in the plateau river ecosystem. CDOM absorption characteristics, fluorescence characteristics and water quality parameters as well as the relationships among them were analyzed based on the samples collected from Wudinghe and Huangshui rivers located in plateaus in 2017 summer to study characteristics, sources and the constituent of CDOM. Results show that CDOM absorption coefficient of the two rivers decreased with the increase of wavelength and the absorption spectra curve showed great differences in different watersheds. The absorption coefficient of CDOM at 440 nm [a(440)] strongly correlated with dissolved organic carbon(DOC) for the samples in the two watersheds while there was no correlation between a(440) and chlorophyll a concentration(Chla). Correlation between a(440) and Chla concentration in Wudinghe river indicated that the onsite generation(biological activity) of the river affected weakly on CDOM. Comparisons S_(275～295) and SUVA_(254) indicated that CDOM in Wudinghe river was more molecular weight and aromatic than that in Huangshui river. Moreover, the molecular weight changes of Huangshui river and Wudinghe river CDOM was higher than that of other rivers investigated in previous studies. According to the analysis based on the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, the humic-like fluorescence peaks were the main fluorescence of CDOM for both Huangshui and Wudinghe river. Fluorescence index(FI), humification index(HIX) and biological source index(BIX) showed that CDOM in Huangshui river was dominated by terrestrial input and the degree of humification was high while CDOM in Wudinghe River was also dominated by terrestrial input and exhibted a certain autogenous component. Redundancy analysis(RDA) results indicate that DOC, Chla and pH of Huangshui river had a great influence on the humic-like fluorescence peak and fluorescence intensity(p<0.1). DOC, electrical conductivity(EC) and turbidity(Tur) in Wudinghe river significantly positive correlated to the humic-like fluorescence peaks and fluorescence intensity(p<0.1).
引文
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程远月,郭卫东,龙爱民,等.2010.利用三维荧光光谱和吸收光谱研究雨水中CDOM的光学特性[J].光谱学与光谱分析,30(9):2413-2416
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Fukuzaki K,Imai I,Fukushima K,et al.2014.Fluorescent characteristics of dissolved organic matter produced by bloom-forming coastal phytoplankton[J].Journal of Plankton Research,36(3):685-694
Graeber D,Gelbrecht J,Pusch M T,et al.2012.Agriculture has changed the amount and composition of dissolved organic matter in Central European headwater streams[J].Science of the Total Environment,438(1):435-446
Helms J R,Stubbins A,Ritchie J D,et al.2008.Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight,source and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter[J].Limnology and Oceanography,53(3):955-969
Hong H S,Yang L Y,Guo W D,et al.2012.Characterization of dissolved organic matter under contrasting hydrologic regimes in a subtropical watershed using PARAFAC model[J].Biogeochemistry,109(1/3):163-174
Huguet A,Vacher L,Relexans S,et al.2009.Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Estuary[J].Organic Geochemistry,40(6):706-719
黄昌春,李云梅,王桥,等.2010.基于三维荧光和平行因子分析法的太湖水体CDOM组分光学特征[J].湖泊科学,22(3):375-382
江俊武,李帅东,等.2017.夏季太湖CDOM光学特性空间差异及其来源解析[J].环境科学研究,30(7):1020-1030
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Jansson M,Hickler T,Jansson A,et al.2008.Links between terrestrial primary production and bacterial production and respiration in lakes in a climate gradient in subarctic Sweden[J].Ecosystems,11(3):367-376
Kowalczuk P,Ston'-Egiert J,Cooper W J,et al.2005.Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in the Baltic Sea by excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy[J].Marine Chemistry,96(3):273-292
Kowalczuk P,Zablocka M,Sagan S,et al.2010.Fluorescence measured in situ as a proxy of CDOM absorption and DOC concentration inthe Baltic Sea[J].Oceanologia,52(3):431-471
Mc Knight D M,Boyer E W,Westerhoff P K,et al.2001.Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity[J].Limnology and Oceanography,46(1):38-48
Mostofa K M G,Wu F C,Liu C Q,et al.2010.Characterization of Nanming River(southwestern China)sewerage-impacted pollution using an excitation-emission matrix and PARAFAC[J].Limnology,11(3):217-231
Patel-Sorrentino N,Mounier S,Benaim J Y.2002.Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix to study p H influence on organic matter fluorescence in the Amazon basin rivers[J].Water Research,36(10):2571-2581
钱昊钟,赵巧华,钱培东.2013.太湖叶绿素a浓度分布的时空特征及其影响因素[J].环境化学,32(5):789-796
邱瑀,卢诚,徐泽,等.2017.湟水河流域水质时空变化特征及其污染源解析[J].环境科学学报,37(8):2829-2837
任宗萍,马勇勇,王友胜,等.2019.生态建设条件下无定河不同地貌区径流变化归因分析[J].生态学报,39(7):1-10
Shao T T,Song K S,Jacinthe P A,et al.2016.Characteristics and sources analysis of riverine chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Liaohe River,China[J].Water Science and Technology,74(12):2843-2859
邵田田,李柳阳,王涛,等.2018.辽河流域河流秋季CDOM光学特性及影响因素研究[J].环境科学学报,38(4):1558-1568
邵田田,赵莹,宋开山,等.2014.辽河下游CDOM吸收与荧光特性的季节变化研究[J].环境科学,35(10):3755-3763
Timko S A,Gonsior M,Cooper W J.2015.Influence of pH on fluorescent dissolved organic matter photo-degradation[J].Water Research,85(15):266-274
Vahatalo A V,Wetzel R G,Paerl H W.2005.Light absorption byphytoplankton and chlromophoric dissolved organic matter in the grainage basin and estuary of the Neuse River,North Carolina(U.S.A)[J].Freshwater Biology,50(3):477-493
Vecchio R D,Blough N V.2004.Spatial and seasonal distribution of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in the Middle Atlantic Bight[J].Marine Chemistry,89(1/4):169-187
Wada S,Aoki M N,Tsuchiya Y,et al.2007.Quantitative and qualitative analyses of dissolved organic matter released from Ecklonia cava Kjellman,in Oura Bay,Shimoda,Izu Peninsula,Japan[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,349(2):344-358
Weishaar J L,Aiken G R,Bergamaschi B A,et al.2003.Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemicalcomposition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon[J].Environmental Science Technology,37(20):4702-4708
Williams C J,Yamashita Y H,Wilson H F,et al.2010.Unraveling the role of land use and microbial activity in shaping dissolved organic matter characteristics in stream ecosystems[J].Limnology and Oceanography,55(3):1159-1171
王书航,王雯雯,姜霞.2016.基于三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析技术的蠡湖CDOM分布特征[J].中国环境科学,36(2):517-524
魏珈,郭卫东,王志恒,等.2016.降雨事件对不同流域背景河流DOM组成及入海通量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,35(4):737-744
Yamada Y,Mito Y,Igeta A,et al.2012.Dissolved oxygen concentration in river sediment of the Lake Biwa tributaries,Japan[J].Limnology,13(1):149-154
Yamashita Y H,Maie N,Briceno H,et al.2010.Optical characterization of dissolved organic matter in tropical rivers of the Guayana Shield,Venezuela[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,115(G1):https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG000987
Yamashita Y,Maie N,Brice1o H,et al.2015.Optical characterization of dissolved organic matter in tropical rivers of the Guayana shield,Venezuela[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,115(G1):214-221
Yang L Y,Hong H S,Guo W D,et al.2012.Effects of changing land use on dissolved organic matter in a subtropical river watershed,southeast China[J].Regional Environmental Change,12(1):145-151
Zhang Y L,Qin B Q,Zhang L,et al.2005.Spectral absorption and fluorescence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Shallow Lakes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of theYangtze River[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,20(3):451-459
Zhang Y L,Yin Y,Feng L Q,et al.2011.Characterizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Lake Tianmuhu and its catchment basin using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analysis[J].Water Research,45(16):5110-5122
Zhang Y L,Zhang E L,Yin Y,et al.2010.Characteristics and sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in lakes of the Yungui Plateau,China,differing in trophic state and altitude[J].Limnology and Oceanography,55(6):2645-2659
Zhao Y,Song K S,Lv L L,et al.2018.Relationship changes between CDOM and DOC in the Songhua River affected by highly polluted tributary,Northeast China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,25(25):25371-25382
张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,等.2004.太湖水体中悬浮物研究[J]长江流域资源与环境,13(3):266-271
张运林,秦伯强,马荣华.2005.太湖典型草、藻型湖区有色可溶性有机物的吸收及荧光特性[J].环境科学,26(3):142-147
张运林,秦伯强.2007.梅梁湾、大太湖夏季和冬季CDOM特征及可能来源分析[J].水科学进展,18(3):415-423
张运林.2011.湖泊光学研究进展及其展望[J].湖泊科学,23(4):483-497
朱伟建,沈芳,洪官林.2010.长江口及邻近海域有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的光学特性[J].环境科学,31(6):2292-2298
Bricaud A,Morel A,Prieur L.1981.Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea(Yellow Substance)in the UV and Visible Domains[J].Limnology and Oceanography,26:43-53
Chen H,Meng W,Zheng B,et al.2013.Optical signatures of dissolved organic matter in the watershed of a globally large river(Yangtze River,China)[J].Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters,43(6):482-491
Chowdhury S.2013.Trihalomethanes in drinking water:Effect of natural organic matter distribution[J].Water,39(1):1-7
陈晓玲,陈莉琼,于之峰,等.2009.长江中游湖泊CDOM光学特性及其空间分布对比[J].湖泊科学,21(2):248-254
程远月,郭卫东,龙爱民,等.2010.利用三维荧光光谱和吸收光谱研究雨水中CDOM的光学特性[J].光谱学与光谱分析,30(9):2413-2416
傅平青,刘丛强,吴丰昌.2005.溶解有机质的三维荧光光谱特征研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,25(12):2024-2028
Fukuzaki K,Imai I,Fukushima K,et al.2014.Fluorescent characteristics of dissolved organic matter produced by bloom-forming coastal phytoplankton[J].Journal of Plankton Research,36(3):685-694
Graeber D,Gelbrecht J,Pusch M T,et al.2012.Agriculture has changed the amount and composition of dissolved organic matter in Central European headwater streams[J].Science of the Total Environment,438(1):435-446
Helms J R,Stubbins A,Ritchie J D,et al.2008.Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight,source and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter[J].Limnology and Oceanography,53(3):955-969
Hong H S,Yang L Y,Guo W D,et al.2012.Characterization of dissolved organic matter under contrasting hydrologic regimes in a subtropical watershed using PARAFAC model[J].Biogeochemistry,109(1/3):163-174
Huguet A,Vacher L,Relexans S,et al.2009.Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Estuary[J].Organic Geochemistry,40(6):706-719
黄昌春,李云梅,王桥,等.2010.基于三维荧光和平行因子分析法的太湖水体CDOM组分光学特征[J].湖泊科学,22(3):375-382
江俊武,李帅东,等.2017.夏季太湖CDOM光学特性空间差异及其来源解析[J].环境科学研究,30(7):1020-1030
金相灿,屠清瑛.1990.湖泊富营养化调查规范(第2版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.197-206
Jansson M,Hickler T,Jansson A,et al.2008.Links between terrestrial primary production and bacterial production and respiration in lakes in a climate gradient in subarctic Sweden[J].Ecosystems,11(3):367-376
Kowalczuk P,Ston'-Egiert J,Cooper W J,et al.2005.Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in the Baltic Sea by excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy[J].Marine Chemistry,96(3):273-292
Kowalczuk P,Zablocka M,Sagan S,et al.2010.Fluorescence measured in situ as a proxy of CDOM absorption and DOC concentration inthe Baltic Sea[J].Oceanologia,52(3):431-471
Mc Knight D M,Boyer E W,Westerhoff P K,et al.2001.Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity[J].Limnology and Oceanography,46(1):38-48
Mostofa K M G,Wu F C,Liu C Q,et al.2010.Characterization of Nanming River(southwestern China)sewerage-impacted pollution using an excitation-emission matrix and PARAFAC[J].Limnology,11(3):217-231
Patel-Sorrentino N,Mounier S,Benaim J Y.2002.Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix to study p H influence on organic matter fluorescence in the Amazon basin rivers[J].Water Research,36(10):2571-2581
钱昊钟,赵巧华,钱培东.2013.太湖叶绿素a浓度分布的时空特征及其影响因素[J].环境化学,32(5):789-796
邱瑀,卢诚,徐泽,等.2017.湟水河流域水质时空变化特征及其污染源解析[J].环境科学学报,37(8):2829-2837
任宗萍,马勇勇,王友胜,等.2019.生态建设条件下无定河不同地貌区径流变化归因分析[J].生态学报,39(7):1-10
Shao T T,Song K S,Jacinthe P A,et al.2016.Characteristics and sources analysis of riverine chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Liaohe River,China[J].Water Science and Technology,74(12):2843-2859
邵田田,李柳阳,王涛,等.2018.辽河流域河流秋季CDOM光学特性及影响因素研究[J].环境科学学报,38(4):1558-1568
邵田田,赵莹,宋开山,等.2014.辽河下游CDOM吸收与荧光特性的季节变化研究[J].环境科学,35(10):3755-3763
Timko S A,Gonsior M,Cooper W J.2015.Influence of pH on fluorescent dissolved organic matter photo-degradation[J].Water Research,85(15):266-274
Vahatalo A V,Wetzel R G,Paerl H W.2005.Light absorption byphytoplankton and chlromophoric dissolved organic matter in the grainage basin and estuary of the Neuse River,North Carolina(U.S.A)[J].Freshwater Biology,50(3):477-493
Vecchio R D,Blough N V.2004.Spatial and seasonal distribution of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in the Middle Atlantic Bight[J].Marine Chemistry,89(1/4):169-187
Wada S,Aoki M N,Tsuchiya Y,et al.2007.Quantitative and qualitative analyses of dissolved organic matter released from Ecklonia cava Kjellman,in Oura Bay,Shimoda,Izu Peninsula,Japan[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,349(2):344-358
Weishaar J L,Aiken G R,Bergamaschi B A,et al.2003.Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemicalcomposition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon[J].Environmental Science Technology,37(20):4702-4708
Williams C J,Yamashita Y H,Wilson H F,et al.2010.Unraveling the role of land use and microbial activity in shaping dissolved organic matter characteristics in stream ecosystems[J].Limnology and Oceanography,55(3):1159-1171
王书航,王雯雯,姜霞.2016.基于三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析技术的蠡湖CDOM分布特征[J].中国环境科学,36(2):517-524
魏珈,郭卫东,王志恒,等.2016.降雨事件对不同流域背景河流DOM组成及入海通量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,35(4):737-744
Yamada Y,Mito Y,Igeta A,et al.2012.Dissolved oxygen concentration in river sediment of the Lake Biwa tributaries,Japan[J].Limnology,13(1):149-154
Yamashita Y H,Maie N,Briceno H,et al.2010.Optical characterization of dissolved organic matter in tropical rivers of the Guayana Shield,Venezuela[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,115(G1):https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG000987
Yamashita Y,Maie N,Brice1o H,et al.2015.Optical characterization of dissolved organic matter in tropical rivers of the Guayana shield,Venezuela[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,115(G1):214-221
Yang L Y,Hong H S,Guo W D,et al.2012.Effects of changing land use on dissolved organic matter in a subtropical river watershed,southeast China[J].Regional Environmental Change,12(1):145-151
Zhang Y L,Qin B Q,Zhang L,et al.2005.Spectral absorption and fluorescence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Shallow Lakes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of theYangtze River[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,20(3):451-459
Zhang Y L,Yin Y,Feng L Q,et al.2011.Characterizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Lake Tianmuhu and its catchment basin using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analysis[J].Water Research,45(16):5110-5122
Zhang Y L,Zhang E L,Yin Y,et al.2010.Characteristics and sources of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in lakes of the Yungui Plateau,China,differing in trophic state and altitude[J].Limnology and Oceanography,55(6):2645-2659
Zhao Y,Song K S,Lv L L,et al.2018.Relationship changes between CDOM and DOC in the Songhua River affected by highly polluted tributary,Northeast China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,25(25):25371-25382
张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,等.2004.太湖水体中悬浮物研究[J]长江流域资源与环境,13(3):266-271
张运林,秦伯强,马荣华.2005.太湖典型草、藻型湖区有色可溶性有机物的吸收及荧光特性[J].环境科学,26(3):142-147
张运林,秦伯强.2007.梅梁湾、大太湖夏季和冬季CDOM特征及可能来源分析[J].水科学进展,18(3):415-423
张运林.2011.湖泊光学研究进展及其展望[J].湖泊科学,23(4):483-497
朱伟建,沈芳,洪官林.2010.长江口及邻近海域有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的光学特性[J].环境科学,31(6):2292-2298