有限空间作业的风险分析与控制
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摘要
近年来,我国有限空间作业事故频繁发生,给人们的生产和生活带来很大影响。结合2011年1月至2017年6月发生的50起(不完全统计)较大及以上有限空间作业事故,采用事故统计分析方法,对这50起有限空间作业事故的事故类型、事故原因等进行分析。结果表明:中毒和窒息事故是有限空间作业事故的主要事故类型,3月～10月为事故的多发期;导致事故发生的直接原因为人的不安全行为,主要体现在作业前未通风、未对气体进行检测以及未按安全操作规程正确佩戴个体防护用品;间接原因是管理上的缺陷。针对具体问题提出有效控制措施,为我国企业安全生产提供科学依据,减少有限空间作业事故的发生。
In recent years,the accidents in confined spaces occurred frequently in China,which had a great impact on production and personal life. According to the 50 serious accidents in confined spaces happened fromJanuary 2011 to June 2017(incomplete statistics),the types and causes of the accidents were analyzed bystatistical analysis technique. The results showed that poisoning and asphyxia were the major accident types inconfined spaces,and most of accidents occurred during March to October every year,the direct causes werepersonal unsafe behaviors,including no detection and ventilation before entering confined spaces and no wearingpersonal protective equipment correctly according to safety procedures,and the indirect causes were themanagement defects in work safety. Finally,the effective control measures were put forward,which can provide scientific basis for the safety production in enterprises,and reduce the occurrence of accidents in confined spaces.
In recent years,the accidents in confined spaces occurred frequently in China,which had a great impact on production and personal life. According to the 50 serious accidents in confined spaces happened fromJanuary 2011 to June 2017(incomplete statistics),the types and causes of the accidents were analyzed bystatistical analysis technique. The results showed that poisoning and asphyxia were the major accident types inconfined spaces,and most of accidents occurred during March to October every year,the direct causes werepersonal unsafe behaviors,including no detection and ventilation before entering confined spaces and no wearingpersonal protective equipment correctly according to safety procedures,and the indirect causes were themanagement defects in work safety. Finally,the effective control measures were put forward,which can provide scientific basis for the safety production in enterprises,and reduce the occurrence of accidents in confined spaces.
引文
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[10]秦妍,刘艳,陈娅,等.浅析有限空间作业事故应急救援对策[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2016,34(1):63-67.
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[12]李树刚.安全科学原理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2008:26-48.
[13]傅贵,殷文韬,董继业,等.行为安全“2-4”模型及其在煤矿安全管理中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(7):1123-1128.
[14]罗春红,谢贤平.事故致因理论的比较分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2007,3(5):111-115.
[15]覃容,彭冬芝.事故致因理论探讨[J].华北科技学院学报,2005,2(3):1-10.
[16]王如君.事故致因理论简介(上)[J].安全、健康和环境,2005,5(4):1-3.
[2] BURLET-VIENNEY D,CHINNIAH Y,BAHLOUL A,et al. Design and application of a 5 step risk assessment tool for confined space entries[J]. Safety Science,2015,80:144-155.
[3]冯卫星.浅析有限空间的危害因素及防控措施[J].中国有色金属,2017(8):62-63.
[4]黄郑华,李建华,边成,等.有限空间作业危险因素分析与安全措施[J].中国公共安全(学术版),2009(4):61-65.
[5]韩洋.如何预防有限空间气体中毒[J].吉林劳动保护,2014(7):42.
[6] PETTIT T A,BRADDEE R W,SURUDA A J,et al.Worker deaths in confined spaces[J]. Professional Safety,1996,41(11):22-25.
[7] VEASEY D A,MCCORMICK L C,HILYER B M,et al.Confined space entry and emergency response[M]. New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc,2005:98-100.
[8] MEYER S. Fatal occupational injuries involving confined spaces,1997-2001[J]. Occupational Health&Safety,2003,72(11):58-60,62,64.
[9]臧铁柱,张礼敬,张丽,等.有限空间作业意外伤亡事故的成因及其对策[J].南京工业大学学报,2005,27(3):103-106.
[10]秦妍,刘艳,陈娅,等.浅析有限空间作业事故应急救援对策[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2016,34(1):63-67.
[11]刘艳,秦妍.基于社会网络分析的北京市有限空间作业事故分析[J].工业安全与环保,2017,43(4):18-22.
[12]李树刚.安全科学原理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2008:26-48.
[13]傅贵,殷文韬,董继业,等.行为安全“2-4”模型及其在煤矿安全管理中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(7):1123-1128.
[14]罗春红,谢贤平.事故致因理论的比较分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2007,3(5):111-115.
[15]覃容,彭冬芝.事故致因理论探讨[J].华北科技学院学报,2005,2(3):1-10.
[16]王如君.事故致因理论简介(上)[J].安全、健康和环境,2005,5(4):1-3.