磁铁矿分选设备研究现状与发展趋势
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摘要
针对目前复杂难选磁铁矿资源开发利用现状,提出关键分选设备的研发与改进是铁矿选矿工艺发展重点之一。以主要分选作用力场结合方式对磁铁矿分选设备进行了分类,概述了磁选、重选、浮选等单力场分选设备及由以上经典分选力场复合而成的复合力场分选设备结构特点、分选原理及其现场应用情况。研究表明:重选能耗低,无污染,处理量大,但分选粒度较粗,分选效果偏低;浮选下限低,但药剂制度复杂,成本较高,且难以满足日益提高的环保要求;磁选对磁性矿物虽更具针对性,但磁性夹杂易导致磁精矿品位偏低。提出了复合力场分选设备作为一种高效节能的选矿设备,具有重选、浮选、磁选等多种选矿方法的优点,提高了设备分选效率、处理量、选择性以及对粒级的适应性等。展望了具有重-磁-浮多重功能的新型多力场复合分选设备将成为未来主要研究方向,替代现有复合力场选别设备成为必然趋势,具有广阔的研究与应用前景。
In view of the present development and utilization situation of complex refractory magnetite ore,it was pointed out that the development and improvement of separation equipment was one of the key points in the development of iron ore dressing technology.This paper classified the magnetite sorting equipment by the modes action of the main sorting force field and introduced the main structure,separation principle and application of the classical force separation equipment,such as magnetic separation,gravity separation and flotation,also the compound force field separation equipment composed by the forces mentioned above.The results show that the gravity separation has the advantages of low energy consumption,non-pollution and large capacity,but with a relatively higher separation boundary;the flotation separation boundary was lower,but with complex reagent system,higher cost,and also difficult to meet the increasing environmental protection requirements;magnetic separation was more targeted to magnetic minerals,but magnetic inclusions lead to a lower grade magnetic concentrates.The paper proposed that the compound force field separation equipment,as a new type of high efficiency and energy saving equipment,has the advantages of gravity separation,flotation,magnetic separation,the efficiency,selectivity and adaptability of separation were also improved.It was expected that the new multi force field separation equipment with gravity-magnetic-flotation separation functions will become the main research direction in the future,it was inevitable to replace the existing composite force field sorting equipment,and had broad research and application prospects.
In view of the present development and utilization situation of complex refractory magnetite ore,it was pointed out that the development and improvement of separation equipment was one of the key points in the development of iron ore dressing technology.This paper classified the magnetite sorting equipment by the modes action of the main sorting force field and introduced the main structure,separation principle and application of the classical force separation equipment,such as magnetic separation,gravity separation and flotation,also the compound force field separation equipment composed by the forces mentioned above.The results show that the gravity separation has the advantages of low energy consumption,non-pollution and large capacity,but with a relatively higher separation boundary;the flotation separation boundary was lower,but with complex reagent system,higher cost,and also difficult to meet the increasing environmental protection requirements;magnetic separation was more targeted to magnetic minerals,but magnetic inclusions lead to a lower grade magnetic concentrates.The paper proposed that the compound force field separation equipment,as a new type of high efficiency and energy saving equipment,has the advantages of gravity separation,flotation,magnetic separation,the efficiency,selectivity and adaptability of separation were also improved.It was expected that the new multi force field separation equipment with gravity-magnetic-flotation separation functions will become the main research direction in the future,it was inevitable to replace the existing composite force field sorting equipment,and had broad research and application prospects.
引文
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[9]洪保磊,杨世亮,王越,等.特大型浮选机在乌山铜钼矿的应用与系统优化[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2016(6):72-75.
[10]程琪林,罗立群.浮选柱及其控制技术的研究进展[J].中国矿业,2015(1):115-119.
[11]赵敏捷,方建军,李国栋,等.旋流-静态微泡浮选柱的应用及研究进展[J].矿产综合利用,2016(4):6-10.
[12]李晓华.摇床分选法回收煤矸石中的黄铁矿[J].山西煤炭,2010(4):76-77.
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[14]刘惠中,李华梁,格海超.BL1500螺旋溜槽在承德某铁矿铁精矿再选中的应用[J].有色金属工程,2016,6(1):45-48.
[15]陈炳炎,闫武.超声复合力场磁选机的研制[J].矿产综合利用,2008(1):47-49.
[16]张安朝,吴彦波.气浮水力旋流器用于细粒浮选的探讨[J].金属矿山,2010(9):115-118.
[17]LIU A R,GAO J C,FAN M Q.Performance of an airinjected water-only cyclone for the separation of fine coal[J].International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization,2013(33):218-224.
[18]M·曼科萨,李长根,肖力子.借助空气的浮选水力重选机的应用[J].国外金属矿选矿,2005(2):31-36.
[19]王秋林,程征,李家林,等.磁重分选机在微细复杂磁铁矿选矿中的应用研究[J].矿产综合利用,2014(5):18-21.
[20]朱殿冰,朱巨建,赵通林.磁选柱结构改进及优化研究[J].中国矿业,2016,25(5):121-123,128.
[21]WATSON J,LI Z.The application of magnetic forces to enhance solid-liquid separation in the metals industry[C]//Metal Separation Technologies Beyond 2000:Integrating Novel Chemistry with Processing,1999:183-192.
[22]BOXMAG-RAPID LTD.Magnetic hydrocyclone thickner-a new mineral processing tool[J].Mining Journal,1983,300:6-7.
[23]FRICKER A G.Magnetic hydrocyclone separator[J].Transactions of the Institution of mining and metallurgy section c-mineral processing and extractive metallurgy,1985,94(SEP):C158-C163.
[24]郭娜娜,李茂林,崔瑞,等.溢流型磁力旋流器径向磁场分析[J].矿冶工程,2013,33(5):59-62.
[25]SVOBODA J,COETZEE C,CAMPBELL Q P.Experimental investigation into the application of a magnetic cyclone for dense medium separation[J].Minerals Engineering,1998,11(6):501-509.
[26]SVOBODA J,CAMPBELL Q P.Magnetic cyclone and method of operating it[P].South African No.96,4132,1996.
[27]FAN P P,FAN M Q,LIU A.Using an axial electromagnetic field to improve the separation density of a dense medium cyclone[J].Minerals Engineering,2015,72:87-93.
[28]FAN P P,PENG H T,FAN M Q.Using apermanent magnetic field to manipulate the separation effect of a dense medium cyclone[J].Separation Science and Technology,2016(11):1913-1923.
[29]樊盼盼,孔令帅,彭海涛,等.置于锥部的轴向电磁场对重介旋流器分选效果的影响[J].煤炭学报,2015(7):1615-1621.
[30]陈晓鸣,严鹏,陈力行.磁性旋溜槽回收细粒钛铁矿试验[J].金属矿山,2014(3):132-135.
[31]LIN I J,KNISH-BRAM M,ROSENHOUSE G.The benefication of minerals by magnetic jigging,Part 1.Theoretical aspects[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1997,50(3):143-159.
[32]LIN I J,KRUSH-BRAM M,ROSENHOUSE G.The benefication of minerals by magnetic jigging:Part 2.Identification of the parameters and verification of the mathematical model for the theoretical analysis of the mineral particles motion in the magnetic jig[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1998,54(1):29-44.
[33]LIN I J,KRUSH-BRAM M,ROSENHOUSE G.The benefication of minerals by magnetic jigging,Part 3.The bed effects and the multifrequency magnetic jig[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1998,55(1):61-72.
[34]S·埃尔萨因,李长根,肖力子.在磁性铁燧岩精矿二氧化硅阳离子浮选中磁场的应用[J].国外金属矿选矿,2003(4):24-28.
[35]MUSTAFA B,JAN D,ILLERM,et al,The effect of an external magnetic field on cationic flotation of quartz from magnetite[J].Minerals Engineering,2010,28(10):813-818.
[36]黄光耀,顾翔宇,曹玉川,等.线圈磁系在磁浮选分选腔内的磁场特性分析[J].矿冶工程,2016(3):31-35.
[2]陈雯,张立刚.复杂难选铁矿石选矿技术现状及发展趋势[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2013(增刊1):19-23.
[3]余永富,余侃萍,陈雯.国外部分选矿厂介绍及细粒级磨机的应用对比[J].矿冶工程,2011(5):26-31.
[4]刘炯天,代淑娟,杨树勇,等.微生物抑制剂在赤铁矿反浮选脱硅中的应用[J].矿业研究与开发,2013(5):25-28.
[5]张亚辉,张家,张艳娇,等.鲕状赤铁矿“磁化焙烧-晶粒长大-磁选”新工艺研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2013(3):116-119.
[6]尚红亮,史佩伟,成磊,等.新型外磁式磁选设备的研制及应用[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2017(4):75-79.
[7]赵海亮,冉红想,王晓明,等.一种动态磁场干选机的研制[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2017(5):64-68.
[8]刘承帅,王晓明.磁选技术应用进展[J].现代矿业,2017,33(7):38-44.
[9]洪保磊,杨世亮,王越,等.特大型浮选机在乌山铜钼矿的应用与系统优化[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2016(6):72-75.
[10]程琪林,罗立群.浮选柱及其控制技术的研究进展[J].中国矿业,2015(1):115-119.
[11]赵敏捷,方建军,李国栋,等.旋流-静态微泡浮选柱的应用及研究进展[J].矿产综合利用,2016(4):6-10.
[12]李晓华.摇床分选法回收煤矸石中的黄铁矿[J].山西煤炭,2010(4):76-77.
[13]宫贵臣,韩跃新,高鹏.超级铁精矿制备技术研究进展[J].矿产保护与利用,2017(1):103-107.
[14]刘惠中,李华梁,格海超.BL1500螺旋溜槽在承德某铁矿铁精矿再选中的应用[J].有色金属工程,2016,6(1):45-48.
[15]陈炳炎,闫武.超声复合力场磁选机的研制[J].矿产综合利用,2008(1):47-49.
[16]张安朝,吴彦波.气浮水力旋流器用于细粒浮选的探讨[J].金属矿山,2010(9):115-118.
[17]LIU A R,GAO J C,FAN M Q.Performance of an airinjected water-only cyclone for the separation of fine coal[J].International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization,2013(33):218-224.
[18]M·曼科萨,李长根,肖力子.借助空气的浮选水力重选机的应用[J].国外金属矿选矿,2005(2):31-36.
[19]王秋林,程征,李家林,等.磁重分选机在微细复杂磁铁矿选矿中的应用研究[J].矿产综合利用,2014(5):18-21.
[20]朱殿冰,朱巨建,赵通林.磁选柱结构改进及优化研究[J].中国矿业,2016,25(5):121-123,128.
[21]WATSON J,LI Z.The application of magnetic forces to enhance solid-liquid separation in the metals industry[C]//Metal Separation Technologies Beyond 2000:Integrating Novel Chemistry with Processing,1999:183-192.
[22]BOXMAG-RAPID LTD.Magnetic hydrocyclone thickner-a new mineral processing tool[J].Mining Journal,1983,300:6-7.
[23]FRICKER A G.Magnetic hydrocyclone separator[J].Transactions of the Institution of mining and metallurgy section c-mineral processing and extractive metallurgy,1985,94(SEP):C158-C163.
[24]郭娜娜,李茂林,崔瑞,等.溢流型磁力旋流器径向磁场分析[J].矿冶工程,2013,33(5):59-62.
[25]SVOBODA J,COETZEE C,CAMPBELL Q P.Experimental investigation into the application of a magnetic cyclone for dense medium separation[J].Minerals Engineering,1998,11(6):501-509.
[26]SVOBODA J,CAMPBELL Q P.Magnetic cyclone and method of operating it[P].South African No.96,4132,1996.
[27]FAN P P,FAN M Q,LIU A.Using an axial electromagnetic field to improve the separation density of a dense medium cyclone[J].Minerals Engineering,2015,72:87-93.
[28]FAN P P,PENG H T,FAN M Q.Using apermanent magnetic field to manipulate the separation effect of a dense medium cyclone[J].Separation Science and Technology,2016(11):1913-1923.
[29]樊盼盼,孔令帅,彭海涛,等.置于锥部的轴向电磁场对重介旋流器分选效果的影响[J].煤炭学报,2015(7):1615-1621.
[30]陈晓鸣,严鹏,陈力行.磁性旋溜槽回收细粒钛铁矿试验[J].金属矿山,2014(3):132-135.
[31]LIN I J,KNISH-BRAM M,ROSENHOUSE G.The benefication of minerals by magnetic jigging,Part 1.Theoretical aspects[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1997,50(3):143-159.
[32]LIN I J,KRUSH-BRAM M,ROSENHOUSE G.The benefication of minerals by magnetic jigging:Part 2.Identification of the parameters and verification of the mathematical model for the theoretical analysis of the mineral particles motion in the magnetic jig[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1998,54(1):29-44.
[33]LIN I J,KRUSH-BRAM M,ROSENHOUSE G.The benefication of minerals by magnetic jigging,Part 3.The bed effects and the multifrequency magnetic jig[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1998,55(1):61-72.
[34]S·埃尔萨因,李长根,肖力子.在磁性铁燧岩精矿二氧化硅阳离子浮选中磁场的应用[J].国外金属矿选矿,2003(4):24-28.
[35]MUSTAFA B,JAN D,ILLERM,et al,The effect of an external magnetic field on cationic flotation of quartz from magnetite[J].Minerals Engineering,2010,28(10):813-818.
[36]黄光耀,顾翔宇,曹玉川,等.线圈磁系在磁浮选分选腔内的磁场特性分析[J].矿冶工程,2016(3):31-35.