基于分布式测算方法的上海城市森林生态系统服务功能评估
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摘要
基于森林生态系统连续观测与清查体系,依据中华人民共和国林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T 1721-2008),并结合2016年上海市森林资源监测成果数据,对上海城市森林生态系统服务功能价值进行了评估.结果表明:2016年上海市森林生态系统服务功能总价值为125.8亿元,每公顷森林提供的价值量为12.75万元.8项森林生态系统服务功能价值量从大到小的顺序为:森林游憩(26.03%)>净化大气环境(22.03%)>固碳释氧(20.24%)>涵养水源(17.14%)>生物多样性保护(9.10%)>保育土壤(3.53%)>林木积累营养物质(1.84%)>森林防护(0.09%).从研究结果来看,森林游憩功能的价值量最高.森林游憩、净化大气环境、固碳释氧和涵养水源是上海城市森林生态系统服务功能的主体功能,对于上海市营造宜居型城市及创建"生态之城"具有重要作用.
Using continuous observation and the inventory system for forest ecosystems,according to the People's Republic of China standard LY/T 1721—2008 Specifications for assessment of forest ecosystem services in China, combined with forest resource monitoring data from 2016, this study assessed the value of forest ecosystem services in Shanghai.The results showed that the total value of forest ecosystem services in urban forests in Shanghai in 2016 was 12.58 billion yuan and mean value was 127.5 thousand yuan per hectare. The value of the eight service functions was distributed as follows: forest recreation(26.03%), atmosphere environmental purification(22.03%), carbon fixation and oxygen released(20.24%), water conservation(17.14%), biodiversity conservation(9.10%),soil conservation(3.53%), forest nutrition storage(1.84%), contribution of forest to prevent natural calamities(0.09%). From the results of this study, the value of forest recreation was the highest. Forest recreation, atmosphere environmental purification, carbon fixation and oxygen release, and water conservation were the main functions of urban forest services in Shanghai; These features play an important role in building a livable city and establishing"an ecological city".
Using continuous observation and the inventory system for forest ecosystems,according to the People's Republic of China standard LY/T 1721—2008 Specifications for assessment of forest ecosystem services in China, combined with forest resource monitoring data from 2016, this study assessed the value of forest ecosystem services in Shanghai.The results showed that the total value of forest ecosystem services in urban forests in Shanghai in 2016 was 12.58 billion yuan and mean value was 127.5 thousand yuan per hectare. The value of the eight service functions was distributed as follows: forest recreation(26.03%), atmosphere environmental purification(22.03%), carbon fixation and oxygen released(20.24%), water conservation(17.14%), biodiversity conservation(9.10%),soil conservation(3.53%), forest nutrition storage(1.84%), contribution of forest to prevent natural calamities(0.09%). From the results of this study, the value of forest recreation was the highest. Forest recreation, atmosphere environmental purification, carbon fixation and oxygen release, and water conservation were the main functions of urban forest services in Shanghai; These features play an important role in building a livable city and establishing"an ecological city".
引文
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[19]高翔伟,戴咏梅,韩玉洁,等.上海市森林生态连清体系监测布局与网络建设研究[M]北京:中国林业出版社,2016.
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[23] WOLDEGERIMA T, YESHITELAE K, LINDLEY S. Ecosystem services assessment of the urban forests of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2017, 20(3):683-699.
[2]王兵.生态连清理论在森林生态系统服务功能评估中的实践[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(1):1-11.
[3]BINDER S, HAIGHT R G, POLASKY S, et al. Assessment and valuation of forest ecosystem services:State of the science review[R]. Gen Tech Rep NRS-170 Newtown Square. PA:US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2017, 170:1-47.
[4]DAILY G C. Nature's services:societal dependence on natural ecosystems[J]. Corporate Environmental Strategy,1997, 6(2):220-221.
[5]侯元兆.中国森林资源核算研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[6]孟祥江,侯元兆.森林生态系统服务价值核算理论与评估方法研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2010, 23(6):8-12.
[7] DOBBS C, ESCOBEDO F J, ZIPPERER W C. A framework for developing urban forest ecosystem services and goods indicators[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning, 2011, 99(3/4):196-206.
[8]冯继广,丁陆彬,王景升,等.基于案例的中国森林生态系统服务功能评价[J].应用生态学报,2016, 27(5):1375-1382.
[9]赵金龙,王泺鑫,韩海荣,等.森林生态系统服务功能价值评估研究进展与趋势[J].生态学杂志,2013, 32(8):2229-2237.
[10]毛齐正,黄甘霖,邬建国.城市生态系统服务研究综述[J].应用生态学报,2015, 26(4):1023-1033.
[11] NOWAK D J, HOEHN R E, BODINE A R, et al. Urban forest structure, ecosystem services and change in Syracuse, NY[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2013:1-23.
[12]国家林业局.森林生态系统服务功能评估规范(LY/T 1721-2008)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[13]上海市气候变化研究中心.上海市气候变化监测公报(2016年)[R]北京:气象出版社,2017.
[14]张静,郭雪艳,达良俊,等.上海人工林林下木本植物更新格局及其影响因素[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013(2):11-19.
[15]达良俊.上海市植被类型与分布现状调查[J].上海:上海重大环保科研项目,2003.
[16] NIU X, WANG B, WEI W J. Chinese forest ecosystem research network:A platform for observing and studying sustainable forestry[J]. Journal of Food Agriculture&Environment, 2013, 11(2):1008-1016.
[17]师贺雄,王兵,牛香.基于森林生态连清体系的中国森林生态系统服务特征分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2016, 38(6):42-50.
[18]王兵.森林生态连清技术体系构建与应用[J].北京林业大学学报,2015, 37(1):1-8.
[19]高翔伟,戴咏梅,韩玉洁,等.上海市森林生态连清体系监测布局与网络建设研究[M]北京:中国林业出版社,2016.
[20]上海市水务局,海市统计局.上海市第一次水利普查暨第二次水资源普查公报[R].2013.
[21]上海市统计局,国家统计局上海调查总队.上海统计年鉴(2016)[M].上海:上海统计出版社.2016.
[22]徐国泉,刘则渊,姜照华.中国碳排放的因素分解模型及实证分析:1995-2004[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(6):158-161.
[23] WOLDEGERIMA T, YESHITELAE K, LINDLEY S. Ecosystem services assessment of the urban forests of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2017, 20(3):683-699.