儿科护士大五人格、共情及工作场所暴力的相关性研究
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摘要
[目的]探讨儿科护士大五人格、共情与工作场所暴力的相关关系。[方法]采用自制护士一般资料调查表、大五人格量表、人际反应指针量表及工作场所暴力量表对我市3所三级甲等医院共93名护士进行调查。[结果]过去1年内,儿科护士工作场所暴力发生率为82.80%(77/93);儿科护士的性别、年龄、学历、职称及工作年限可对其遭遇工作场所暴力情况产生影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护士大五人格特征得分中,严谨性得分最高(40.21±6.82)分,而神经质得分最低(28.92±7.16)分;共情得分总分为(63.43±7.21)分,条目均分为(2.88±0.33)分。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,儿科护士的年龄、学历、职称、工作年限、宜人性、严谨性、共情(同情关注及观点采择)对其遭受工作场所暴力情况有负向预测作用,而其性别及神经质对其遭遇工作场所暴力有正向预测作用(P<0.05)。[结论]儿科护士的大五人格以严谨性人格为主,其运用共情技巧处理临床问题的能力较好,但其遭遇工作场所暴力的情况仍不容乐观。护理管理者应结合护士大五人格特征及共情对工作场所暴力的影响作用,有针对性地对其进行职业暴力防范培训,从而降低工作场所暴力的发生率。
Objective:To explore the relationship between Big Five personality,empathy and workplace violence of pediatric nurses.Methods:A total of 93 nurses from 3 third grade A hospitals in our city were investigated by self-made nurse general information questionnaire,Big Five Personality Scale,interpersonal response indicator scale and workplace violence scale.Results:In the past year,the incidence of workplace violence among pediatric nurses was 82.80%(77/93).Gender,age,educational background,professional title and length of service of pediatric nurses could influence their encounter with workplace violence,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Among the big five personality traits of nurses,the score of rigor was the highest(40.21±6.82),while the score of neuroticism was the lowest(28.92±7.16);the total score of empathy was(63.43±7.21),and the items scores were(2.88±0.33).Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,education,title,length of service,agreeableness,rigor,empathy(sympathetic concern and opinion selection)of pediatric nurses had a negative predictive effect on workplace violence,while gender and neuroticism had a positive predictive effect on workplace violence(P<0.05).Conclusion:The big five personalities of pediatric nurses were rigorous personality.Their ability to deal with clinical problems with empathy skills was better,but their situation of workplace violence was still not optimistic.Nursing managers should take into account the big five personality characteristics of nurses and the impact of empathy on workplace violence,and carry out targeted vocational violence prevention training,so as to continuously reduce the incidence of workplace violence.
Objective:To explore the relationship between Big Five personality,empathy and workplace violence of pediatric nurses.Methods:A total of 93 nurses from 3 third grade A hospitals in our city were investigated by self-made nurse general information questionnaire,Big Five Personality Scale,interpersonal response indicator scale and workplace violence scale.Results:In the past year,the incidence of workplace violence among pediatric nurses was 82.80%(77/93).Gender,age,educational background,professional title and length of service of pediatric nurses could influence their encounter with workplace violence,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Among the big five personality traits of nurses,the score of rigor was the highest(40.21±6.82),while the score of neuroticism was the lowest(28.92±7.16);the total score of empathy was(63.43±7.21),and the items scores were(2.88±0.33).Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,education,title,length of service,agreeableness,rigor,empathy(sympathetic concern and opinion selection)of pediatric nurses had a negative predictive effect on workplace violence,while gender and neuroticism had a positive predictive effect on workplace violence(P<0.05).Conclusion:The big five personalities of pediatric nurses were rigorous personality.Their ability to deal with clinical problems with empathy skills was better,but their situation of workplace violence was still not optimistic.Nursing managers should take into account the big five personality characteristics of nurses and the impact of empathy on workplace violence,and carry out targeted vocational violence prevention training,so as to continuously reduce the incidence of workplace violence.
引文
[1]任芬,王斌全,武婷,等.护士工作场所暴力与工作满意度的相关性研究[J].护理研究,2016,30(7B):2547-2548.
[2] MCPHAUL K M,LIPSCOMB J A.Workplace violence in health care:recognized but not regulated[J].Online Journal of Issues in Nursing,2004,9(3):7.
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[4]田艳,杨静,白建坤,等.儿科护士工作场所暴力现状及对策研究进展[J].中华现代护理杂志,2014,20(25):3281-3283.
[5]徐景霞,章赛春,张丽,等.儿科护士输液穿刺不顺利遭受暴力侵袭的原因与对策研究现状[J].护理学报,2015(4):15-17.
[6]WYATT R,ANDERSON-DREVS K,VAN MALE L M.Workplace violence in health care:a critical issue with a promising solution[J].JAMA,2016,316(10):1037-1038.
[7] HESTER S,HARRELSON C,MONGAO T.Workplace violence against nurses:making it safe to care[J].Creative Nursing,2016,22(3):204-209.
[8]胡传芬.精神科护士遭受工作场所暴力与组织承诺、离职倾向的相关性研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014.
[9]王孟成,戴晓阳,姚树桥.中国大五人格问卷的初步编制Ⅲ:简式版的制定及信效度检验[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2011,19(4):454-457.
[10] DAVIS M.Interpersonal reactivity index[J].JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology,1980,10:14-15.
[11]戎幸,孙炳海,黄小忠,等.人际反应指数量表的信度和效度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(2):158-160.
[12]WARREN B.Workplace violence in hospitals:safe havens no more[J].Journal of Healthcare Protection Management Publication of the International Association for Hospital Security,2011,27(2):9-17.
[13] ALEXANDER C,FRASER J.Occupational violence in an Australian healthcare setting:implications for managers[J].Journal of Healthcare Management,2004,49(6):377-392.
[14] SHIAO S C,TSENG Y,HSIEH Y T,et al.Assaults against nurses of general and psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan[J].International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2010,83(7):823-832.
[15]MAGUIRE J,RYAN D.Aggression and violence in mental health services:categorizing the experiences of Irish nurses[J].Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing,2007,14(2):120-127.
[16]方萍萍,叶倩,李一心,等.护士视角下的医疗工作场所暴力现状调查及对策分析[J].中国卫生事业管理,2016,33(4):255-258.
[17]黄珊珊.儿科护士工作场所暴力现状及影响因素研究进展[J].山西医药杂志,2017,46(9):1048-1050.
[18]张红,张丽韶,陈映琼,等.职业认同感对低年资护士培训的影响[J].护理实践与研究,2016,13(10):84-85.
[19]黄霞,黄雪花,宋小珍,等.护士利他水平与大五人格特征的相关性研究[J].护理学杂志,2017,32(2):79-80.
[20]马丽莉,杨芳宇.临床护士共情能力与人格的相关性研究[J].护理管理杂志,2015,15(2):89-90.
[21] WILLIAM J R.Do nurses and other professional helpers normally display much empathy?[J].Journal of Advanced Nursing,2000,31(1):226-234.
[22]颜丽霞.产科护士共情能力的调查分析[D].衡阳:南华大学,2012.
[23]王钰.护理本科生的共情特点及相关因素的研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2010.
[24] MORSE J M,ANDERSON G,BOTTORFF J L,et al.Exploring empathy:a conceptual fit for nursing practice?[J].Journal of Nursing Scholarship,1992,24(4):273-280.
[25] PEMBROKE N F.Empathy,emotion,and ekstasis in the patient-physician relationship[J].Journal of Religion&Health,2007,46(2):287-298.
[2] MCPHAUL K M,LIPSCOMB J A.Workplace violence in health care:recognized but not regulated[J].Online Journal of Issues in Nursing,2004,9(3):7.
[3]王位琼,谢文,张梅霞,等.急诊科护士工作场所暴力与职业紧张现状及其相关性分析[J].中国护理管理,2011,11(4):52-55.
[4]田艳,杨静,白建坤,等.儿科护士工作场所暴力现状及对策研究进展[J].中华现代护理杂志,2014,20(25):3281-3283.
[5]徐景霞,章赛春,张丽,等.儿科护士输液穿刺不顺利遭受暴力侵袭的原因与对策研究现状[J].护理学报,2015(4):15-17.
[6]WYATT R,ANDERSON-DREVS K,VAN MALE L M.Workplace violence in health care:a critical issue with a promising solution[J].JAMA,2016,316(10):1037-1038.
[7] HESTER S,HARRELSON C,MONGAO T.Workplace violence against nurses:making it safe to care[J].Creative Nursing,2016,22(3):204-209.
[8]胡传芬.精神科护士遭受工作场所暴力与组织承诺、离职倾向的相关性研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014.
[9]王孟成,戴晓阳,姚树桥.中国大五人格问卷的初步编制Ⅲ:简式版的制定及信效度检验[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2011,19(4):454-457.
[10] DAVIS M.Interpersonal reactivity index[J].JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology,1980,10:14-15.
[11]戎幸,孙炳海,黄小忠,等.人际反应指数量表的信度和效度研究[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2010,18(2):158-160.
[12]WARREN B.Workplace violence in hospitals:safe havens no more[J].Journal of Healthcare Protection Management Publication of the International Association for Hospital Security,2011,27(2):9-17.
[13] ALEXANDER C,FRASER J.Occupational violence in an Australian healthcare setting:implications for managers[J].Journal of Healthcare Management,2004,49(6):377-392.
[14] SHIAO S C,TSENG Y,HSIEH Y T,et al.Assaults against nurses of general and psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan[J].International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2010,83(7):823-832.
[15]MAGUIRE J,RYAN D.Aggression and violence in mental health services:categorizing the experiences of Irish nurses[J].Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing,2007,14(2):120-127.
[16]方萍萍,叶倩,李一心,等.护士视角下的医疗工作场所暴力现状调查及对策分析[J].中国卫生事业管理,2016,33(4):255-258.
[17]黄珊珊.儿科护士工作场所暴力现状及影响因素研究进展[J].山西医药杂志,2017,46(9):1048-1050.
[18]张红,张丽韶,陈映琼,等.职业认同感对低年资护士培训的影响[J].护理实践与研究,2016,13(10):84-85.
[19]黄霞,黄雪花,宋小珍,等.护士利他水平与大五人格特征的相关性研究[J].护理学杂志,2017,32(2):79-80.
[20]马丽莉,杨芳宇.临床护士共情能力与人格的相关性研究[J].护理管理杂志,2015,15(2):89-90.
[21] WILLIAM J R.Do nurses and other professional helpers normally display much empathy?[J].Journal of Advanced Nursing,2000,31(1):226-234.
[22]颜丽霞.产科护士共情能力的调查分析[D].衡阳:南华大学,2012.
[23]王钰.护理本科生的共情特点及相关因素的研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2010.
[24] MORSE J M,ANDERSON G,BOTTORFF J L,et al.Exploring empathy:a conceptual fit for nursing practice?[J].Journal of Nursing Scholarship,1992,24(4):273-280.
[25] PEMBROKE N F.Empathy,emotion,and ekstasis in the patient-physician relationship[J].Journal of Religion&Health,2007,46(2):287-298.