覆膜方式对不同穗型冬小麦品种的结实特性和粒位效应
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摘要
采取全膜覆土穴播、全膜穴播2种覆膜种植方式,以露地穴播为对照,研究了不同覆盖模式对不同穗型冬小麦品种的结实特性和粒位效应的影响。结果表明:不同覆盖模式下冬小麦品种小穗位结实粒数、小穗重及不同粒位粒重均随着小穗位自基部至顶部呈先增后减的二次曲线变化;不同抗性冬小麦品种穗部籽粒的分部差异显著,主茎穗的结实特性及粒重均优于分蘖穗。2种穗型的冬小麦品种主茎穗与分蘖穗的籽粒结实数、小穗重与单粒重在不同小穗位间的分布都呈二次曲线变化,表现出籽粒发育的近中优势。在保证下部粒位粒重的前提下最大限度地发挥中下部粒位的粒重潜力,可以使小麦实现高产稳产。
The effects of different mulching modes on seed setting characteristics and grain position effects of winter wheat cultivars with different spike types were studied by using hole-sowed with whole field palstic-soil mulching mode and hole-sowed with whole mulching mode,outdoor hole-sowed as control. The results showed that under different mulching modes,the grain number per spikelet,spikelet weight and grain weight at different grain positions of winter wheat cultivars showed a quadratic curve of increase first and then decrease with spikelet position from base to top.and the spikelet parts of different resistant winter wheat varieties were significantly different,and the seed setting characteristics and grain weight of main stem spike were better than that of tiller spike. The grain setting number,spikelet weight and single grain weight of main stem panicle and tiller panicle of two spike-type winter wheat cultivars showed quadratic curve changes among different spikelet positions,showing near-medium advantage of grain development. Under the premise of guaranteeing the grain weight of the lower grain position,the potential of grain weight of the middle and lower grain position can achieve high and stable yield of wheat.
The effects of different mulching modes on seed setting characteristics and grain position effects of winter wheat cultivars with different spike types were studied by using hole-sowed with whole field palstic-soil mulching mode and hole-sowed with whole mulching mode,outdoor hole-sowed as control. The results showed that under different mulching modes,the grain number per spikelet,spikelet weight and grain weight at different grain positions of winter wheat cultivars showed a quadratic curve of increase first and then decrease with spikelet position from base to top.and the spikelet parts of different resistant winter wheat varieties were significantly different,and the seed setting characteristics and grain weight of main stem spike were better than that of tiller spike. The grain setting number,spikelet weight and single grain weight of main stem panicle and tiller panicle of two spike-type winter wheat cultivars showed quadratic curve changes among different spikelet positions,showing near-medium advantage of grain development. Under the premise of guaranteeing the grain weight of the lower grain position,the potential of grain weight of the middle and lower grain position can achieve high and stable yield of wheat.
引文
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[16] HOU Y Y. Variation of grain weight and grain set between ear sections in different ear-type of wheat genotypes[J]. Sichuan Agric. Univ.,1997,15(2):218-222.
[17] LI M L,SHI X Q. Difference of grain weight era at different grain positions in wheat[J].Seeds,2001(1):17-19.
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[20]屈会娟,李金才,沈学善,等.播种密度对冬小麦不同穗位与粒位结实粒数和粒重的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(10):1875-1883.
[2] LI F M,GUO A H,WEI H. Effects of clear plastic film mulch on yield of spring wheat field[J]. Crops Research,1999,63:79-86.
[3]李福,刘广才,李诚德,等.旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播技术的土壤水分效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(4):73-78.
[4]张静,李福,刘广才,等.甘肃发展全膜覆土穴播技术的主要方式[J].甘肃农业科技,2013(2):56-58.
[5]岳维云,宋建荣,赵尚文,等.不同覆膜方式对地温及冬小麦地上干物质累积规律的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014-07,32(4):133-139.
[6] HANFT J M,JONESR J,STUMME A B. Dry matter accumulation and carbohydrate concentration patterns of field-grown and in vitro cultured maize kernels from the tip and middle ear positions[J]. Crop Sci.,1986,26:568-572.
[7] PAL M S,ZHANG G P,CHEN J X. Influence of genotypes and nitrogen fertilization on leaf morphogenesis and tillering behaviors in winter wheat[J]. Triticeae Crops,2000,20(1):28-33.
[8] CHEN Y,YUAN L P,WANG X H,et al.Relationship between grain yield and leaf photosynthetic rate in super hybid rice[J]. Plant Physiol Mol Biol,2007,33:235-243.
[9] DANIEL J M, GUATAVO A S. Individual grain weight responses to genetic reduction in culm length in wheat as affected by source-sink manipulations[J]. Field Crops Res.,1995,43:55-66.
[10] LI C X,SHI H E,JIANG L N. Investigation on the grain weight distribution characteristic of wheat in different densities[J]. Acta. Bot.Boreali-Occident Sin.,1999,19(1):132-137.
[11] HUANG K H,SHI W Q,BIAN Z H. Relations between wheat anthesis characteristic and grain-set rate[J]. Jiangsu Agric. Sci.,1990(6):5-8.
[12] LI C X,JIANG L N,SHI H E,et al. Distribution of grain number and grain weight on tillers in wheat[J]. Gengzuo Yu Zaipei,1999(6):5-9.
[13] HE M R,WANG Z L,ZHANG J C. Distribution of photo assimilate to different parts of wheat era after anthesis and its relation to kernel weight per era[J]. Acta. Agron. Sin.,2000,26(2):190-194.
[14] GUO W S, PENG Y X. Cultivation and Physiology in Wheat[M]. Nanjing:Southeast University Press,1992:42-49.
[15] DONG Z G. Distribution characteristic of wheat grain weight[J]. Foreign Agron-Triticeae Crops,1991(8):47-49.
[16] HOU Y Y. Variation of grain weight and grain set between ear sections in different ear-type of wheat genotypes[J]. Sichuan Agric. Univ.,1997,15(2):218-222.
[17] LI M L,SHI X Q. Difference of grain weight era at different grain positions in wheat[J].Seeds,2001(1):17-19.
[18] PAN J,JIANG D,CAO W X,et al. Effects of spikelet and grain positions on grain number,weight and protein content of wheat spike[J]. Acta. Agron. Sin.,2005,31(4):431-437.
[19] PEI X X,WANG J A,DANG J Y,et al.Effects of spikelet and grain position on fertile spikelet number, grain weight and quality of wheat[J]. Sci. Agric. Sin.,2008,41(2):381-390.
[20]屈会娟,李金才,沈学善,等.播种密度对冬小麦不同穗位与粒位结实粒数和粒重的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(10):1875-1883.