不同饲料对稻纵卷叶螟取食代谢及消化酶活性影响
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摘要
【目的】研究稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocismedialis对水稻、玉米和人工饲料的取食代谢效应以及取食后幼虫生长发育、物质积累和中肠消化酶活性变化。【方法】在实验室条件下以水稻叶片、玉米叶片及人工饲料饲养稻纵卷叶螟,观察生长发育状况,取特定龄期幼虫测定消化代谢、营养物质积累及中肠消化酶活性。【结果】取食水稻的稻纵卷叶螟蛹重最高、历期最短,与玉米和人工饲料差异显著,取食人工饲料幼虫历期最长。取食不同饲料后单雌产卵量、产卵历期以及成虫寿命之间无显著差异;取食水稻的食物转化率显著高于玉米和人工饲料,取食人工饲料近似消化率最高;取食水稻和玉米的幼虫体内脂肪积累量显著高于人工饲料,取食人工饲料幼虫体内蛋白质和可溶性糖含量明显增加,显著高于水稻和玉米。人工饲料的幼虫体内总蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶三种消化酶活性显著高于水稻和玉米。【结论】不同饲料饲养对稻纵卷叶螟生长发育及营养物质累积均有影响,而稻纵卷叶螟幼虫可能通过调节取食量及消化酶活性的方式保证对食料中营养物质摄取。
[Objectives] To study the effect of different diets on the digestive efficiency, nutritional content, larval development and digestive enzyme activity of Cnaphalocrocis medialis. [Methods] The digestive efficiency, nutritional content, developmental duration and digestive enzyme activity of C. medialis larvae reared on either an artificial diet, rice leaves or maize leaves, was measured and compared. [Results] C. medialis was able to complete its life cycle on all three diets but had different developmental durations and pupal weights on each diet. C. medialis reared on rice leaves had the shortest developmental duration and the heaviest pupae. There was, however, no significant difference in the fecundity,oviposition period or adult longevity, of C. medialis reared on different diets. C. medialis reared on rice leaves were significantly more efficient at converting digested food(ECD) than those reared on maize leaves or the artificial diet. The approximate digestibility(AD) of larvae reared on the artificial diet was 52.32%, significantly higher than that of larvae reared on rice or maize leaves. C. medialis larvae reared on the artificial diet had higher soluble protein and sugar content than that of those reared on rice or maize, but lower fat content. Protease, amylase and lipase activity in the midguts of larvae fed on the artificial diet was significantly higher than that of larvae fed on rice or maize. [Conclusion] Diet affected the development and nutritional composition of C. medialis. This species appears able to ensure adequate nutritional uptake on different diets by adjusting its feeding behavior and the activity of midgut digestive enzymes.
[Objectives] To study the effect of different diets on the digestive efficiency, nutritional content, larval development and digestive enzyme activity of Cnaphalocrocis medialis. [Methods] The digestive efficiency, nutritional content, developmental duration and digestive enzyme activity of C. medialis larvae reared on either an artificial diet, rice leaves or maize leaves, was measured and compared. [Results] C. medialis was able to complete its life cycle on all three diets but had different developmental durations and pupal weights on each diet. C. medialis reared on rice leaves had the shortest developmental duration and the heaviest pupae. There was, however, no significant difference in the fecundity,oviposition period or adult longevity, of C. medialis reared on different diets. C. medialis reared on rice leaves were significantly more efficient at converting digested food(ECD) than those reared on maize leaves or the artificial diet. The approximate digestibility(AD) of larvae reared on the artificial diet was 52.32%, significantly higher than that of larvae reared on rice or maize leaves. C. medialis larvae reared on the artificial diet had higher soluble protein and sugar content than that of those reared on rice or maize, but lower fat content. Protease, amylase and lipase activity in the midguts of larvae fed on the artificial diet was significantly higher than that of larvae fed on rice or maize. [Conclusion] Diet affected the development and nutritional composition of C. medialis. This species appears able to ensure adequate nutritional uptake on different diets by adjusting its feeding behavior and the activity of midgut digestive enzymes.
引文
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Guo WQ,Yang YJ,Xu HX,Zheng XS,Lu ZX,2012.Feeding preference of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis larvae on artificial diets with different nitrogen and sugar contents.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,24(6):1069-1073.[郭文卿,杨亚军,徐红星,郑许松,吕仲贤,2012.稻纵卷叶螟幼虫对不同含氮糖人工饲料的取食选择行为.浙江农业学报,24(6):1069-1073.]
Guo WQ,Yang YJ,Xu J,Xu HX,Zheng XS,Lu ZX,2013.Nutritional consumption and utilization by Cnaphalocrocis medinalis larvae of artificial diets with different nitrogen or sugar contents.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,50(3):629-634.[郭文卿,杨亚军,徐健,徐红星,郑许松,吕仲贤,2013.稻纵卷叶螟幼虫对不同氮、糖含量人工饲料的营养消耗和利用.应用昆虫学报,50(3):629-634.]
Han YQ,Lei WB,Wen LZ,Hou ML,2015.Silicon-mediated resistance in a susceptible rice variety to the rice leaffolder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).PLoS ONE,10(4):e0120557.
Heong KL,Teng PS,Moody K,1995.Managing rice pests with less chemicals.GeoJournal,35(3):337-349.
Huang JC,2014.Physiological ecology of the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in reproduction and flight.Master thesis.Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.[黄加诚,2014.稻纵卷叶螟生殖和飞行的生理生态研究.硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学.]
Jiang YM,Yang GD,Fan YP,1998.The configuration of two reagents used in the Folin-phenol reagent method.Journal of Harbin Medical University,32(2):155-156.[姜玉梅,杨歌德,范业鹏,1998.Folin-酚试剂法测定蛋白质含量中两种试剂的配制.哈尔滨医科大学学报,32(2):155-156.]
Ke MJ,Xu B,Li GH,Wang FH,2011.Research on artificial diet for Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Güenée.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,50(5):100-103.[柯名娟,徐博,李广宏,王方海,2011.稻纵卷叶螟人工饲料的研究.中山大学学报(自然科学版),50(5):100-103.]
Khan ZR,1987.Artificial diet for rearing rice leaffolder(LF).International Rice Research Newsletter(Philippines),12(6):30-31.
Kotkar HM,Sarate PJ,Tamhane VA,Gupta VS,Giri AP,2009.Responses of midgut amylases of Helicoverpa armigera to feeding on various host plants.Journal of Insect Physiology,55(8):663-670.
Li CM,Han GJ,Yang YJ,Qi JH,Liu Q,Xu J,Lu ZX,2017.Oviposition and feeding preference of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)for four different plants.Chinese Journal of Rice Science,31(3):315-319.[李传明,韩光杰,杨亚军,祁建杭,刘琴,徐健,吕仲贤,2017.稻纵卷叶螟对不同植物的产卵趋性与取食选择.中国水稻科学,31(3):315-319.]
Li CM,Xu J,Yang YJ,Qi JH,Zheng XS,Wang Y,Liu Q,Lu ZX,2011.Growth and reproduction of Cnaphalocrocis medialis fed on improved artificial diet.Chinese Journal of Rice Science25(3):321-325.[李传明,徐健,杨亚军,祁建杭,郑许松,王艳,刘琴,吕仲贤,2011.人工饲料饲养稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育与繁殖.中国水稻科学,25(3):321-325.]
Li X,Xu XX,Han LZ,Wang M,Hou ML,2013.Effects of different rice varieties on larval development,survival,adult reproduction,and flight capacity of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Güenée).Acta Ecologica Sinica,33(14):4370-4376.[李霞,徐秀秀,韩兰芝,王沫,侯茂林,2013.不同水稻品种对稻纵卷叶螟生长发育、存活、生殖及飞行能力的影响.生态学报,33(14):4370-4376.]
Liao HJ,Huang JR,Fang YS,Liu XD,2013.Biological response of the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Güenée)reared on rice and maize seedling to temperature.Acta Ecologica Sinica,33(2):409-415.[廖怀建,黄建荣,方源松,刘向东,2013.水稻和玉米苗上饲养的稻纵卷叶螟对温度的反应.生态学报,33(2):409-415.]
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