基于多重流分析的中国集装箱港口竞争格局
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摘要
运用多重流分析法提取全球班轮运输网络的显著流,在此基础上构建全球港口的竞争网络,进而分析中国集装箱港口的竞争格局。研究表明,就国内而言,香港港与深圳港、上海港与宁波—舟山港、大连港与青岛港和天津港间的竞争较激烈,上海港、香港港、大连港和深圳港面临的国内竞争压力较大;就国际而言,上海港依然面临较大压力,香港港主要与东南亚港口展开竞争,釜山港和新加坡港不仅分别为宁波—舟山港和香港港的最大竞争对手,也对中国主要集装箱门户港的发展造成较大威胁。
Applying multiple linkage analysis, this paper extracts the significant flows of the world liner shipping network. On the basis of the above, it constructs the competition network of the global ports and analyses the competition situation of Chinese container ports. The results indicate that the level of competition between Hong Kong Port and Shenzhen Port, Shanghai Port and Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, Dalian Port and Qingdao Port, Dalian Port and Tianjin Port are higher than other areas. Shanghai Port, Hong Kong Port, Dalian Port and Shenzhen Port face more fierce domestic competition than other ports. For international competition, Shanghai is still under huge pressure, and major competitors of Hong Kong come from Southeast Asia shipping ports. Singapore Port and Busan Port are not only the worst competitor of Shenzhen Port and Ningbo-Zhoushan Port respectively, but also put a lot of pressure on the development of Chinese major container ports.
Applying multiple linkage analysis, this paper extracts the significant flows of the world liner shipping network. On the basis of the above, it constructs the competition network of the global ports and analyses the competition situation of Chinese container ports. The results indicate that the level of competition between Hong Kong Port and Shenzhen Port, Shanghai Port and Ningbo-Zhoushan Port, Dalian Port and Qingdao Port, Dalian Port and Tianjin Port are higher than other areas. Shanghai Port, Hong Kong Port, Dalian Port and Shenzhen Port face more fierce domestic competition than other ports. For international competition, Shanghai is still under huge pressure, and major competitors of Hong Kong come from Southeast Asia shipping ports. Singapore Port and Busan Port are not only the worst competitor of Shenzhen Port and Ningbo-Zhoushan Port respectively, but also put a lot of pressure on the development of Chinese major container ports.
引文
[1]曹有挥,曹卫东,金世胜,等.中国沿海集装箱港口体系的形成演化机理[J].地理学报,2003,58(3):424-432.
[2] Prokopowicz A K,Berg-Andreassen J. An Evaluation of Current Trends in Container Shipping Industry,Very Large Container Ships(VLCSs),and Port Capacities to Accommodate TTIP Increased Trade[J]. Transportation Research Procedia,2016,14:2 910-2 919.
[3] Cullinane K,Wang Y. The hierarchical configuration of the container port industry:an application of multiple linkage analysis[J]. Maritime Policy&Management,2012,39(2):169-187.
[4] Haezendonck E,Pison G,Rousseeuw P,et al. The competitive advantage of seaports[J]. International Journal of Maritime Economics,2000,2(2):69-82.
[5]许长新,徐杏.上海港与周边港口的国际竞争力比较[J].海洋工程,2001(4):15-20.
[6]杨忍,牟乃夏,彭澎,等.“海上丝绸之路”沿线重要港口竞争力评价[J].地球信息科学学报,2018,20(5):623-631.
[7] Mayer H M. The port of Chicago and the St. Lawrence seaway[D]. Chicago:University of Chicago,1957.
[8] Kenyon J B. Elements in inter-port competition in the United States[J]. Economic Geography,1970,46(1):1-24.
[9] Mayer H M. Some geographic aspects of technological change in maritime transportation[J]. Economic Geography,1973,49(2):145-155.
[10] Weigend G G. The problem of hinterland and foreland as illustrated by the port of Hamburg[J]. Economic Geography,1956,32(1):1-16.
[11] Hoare A G. British ports and their export hinterlands:a rapidly changing geography[J]. Geografiska Annaler:Series B,Human Geography,1986,68(1):29-40.
[12] Low J M W,Lam S W,Tang L C. Assessment of hub status among Asian ports from a network perspective[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2009,43(6):593-606.
[13] Fraser D R,Notteboom T,Ducruet C. Peripherality in the global container shipping network:the case of the Southern African container port system[J]. GeoJournal,2016(1):139-151.
[14] Xu M,Li Z,Shi Y,et al. Evolution of regional inequality in the global shipping network[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2015,44:1-12.
[15] Gouvernal E,Slack B. Container freight rates and economic distance:a new perspective on the world map[J]. Maritime Policy&Management,2012,39(2):133-149.
[16] Nystuen J D,Dacey M F. A graph theory interpretation of nodal regions[C]//Papers of the Regional Science Association.Springer-Verlag,1961,7(1):29-42.
[17]夏存霞.高雄港的没落对大陆提升航运实力的启示[J].中国水运:下半月,2016,16(8):53-55.
[18]王爱虎,匡桂华.中国沿海集装箱港口群体系结构演化与竞争态势[J].经济地理,2014,34(6):92-99.
[19] Fung K F. Competition between the ports of Hong Kong and Singapore:a structural vector error correction model to forecast the demand for container handling services[J]. Maritime Policy&Management,2001,28(1):3-22.
(1)班轮公司集装箱运量排名数据来自:http://www.alphaliner.com/top100/index.php。
(2)拥有多个港区的港口统一合并为一个,如深圳的蛇口、赤湾、盐田,统称为深圳港。
(3)海运区域的划分根据参照参考文献[14]。
(1)港口货流量为该港口与其他港口集装箱货流联系之和。
[2] Prokopowicz A K,Berg-Andreassen J. An Evaluation of Current Trends in Container Shipping Industry,Very Large Container Ships(VLCSs),and Port Capacities to Accommodate TTIP Increased Trade[J]. Transportation Research Procedia,2016,14:2 910-2 919.
[3] Cullinane K,Wang Y. The hierarchical configuration of the container port industry:an application of multiple linkage analysis[J]. Maritime Policy&Management,2012,39(2):169-187.
[4] Haezendonck E,Pison G,Rousseeuw P,et al. The competitive advantage of seaports[J]. International Journal of Maritime Economics,2000,2(2):69-82.
[5]许长新,徐杏.上海港与周边港口的国际竞争力比较[J].海洋工程,2001(4):15-20.
[6]杨忍,牟乃夏,彭澎,等.“海上丝绸之路”沿线重要港口竞争力评价[J].地球信息科学学报,2018,20(5):623-631.
[7] Mayer H M. The port of Chicago and the St. Lawrence seaway[D]. Chicago:University of Chicago,1957.
[8] Kenyon J B. Elements in inter-port competition in the United States[J]. Economic Geography,1970,46(1):1-24.
[9] Mayer H M. Some geographic aspects of technological change in maritime transportation[J]. Economic Geography,1973,49(2):145-155.
[10] Weigend G G. The problem of hinterland and foreland as illustrated by the port of Hamburg[J]. Economic Geography,1956,32(1):1-16.
[11] Hoare A G. British ports and their export hinterlands:a rapidly changing geography[J]. Geografiska Annaler:Series B,Human Geography,1986,68(1):29-40.
[12] Low J M W,Lam S W,Tang L C. Assessment of hub status among Asian ports from a network perspective[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice,2009,43(6):593-606.
[13] Fraser D R,Notteboom T,Ducruet C. Peripherality in the global container shipping network:the case of the Southern African container port system[J]. GeoJournal,2016(1):139-151.
[14] Xu M,Li Z,Shi Y,et al. Evolution of regional inequality in the global shipping network[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2015,44:1-12.
[15] Gouvernal E,Slack B. Container freight rates and economic distance:a new perspective on the world map[J]. Maritime Policy&Management,2012,39(2):133-149.
[16] Nystuen J D,Dacey M F. A graph theory interpretation of nodal regions[C]//Papers of the Regional Science Association.Springer-Verlag,1961,7(1):29-42.
[17]夏存霞.高雄港的没落对大陆提升航运实力的启示[J].中国水运:下半月,2016,16(8):53-55.
[18]王爱虎,匡桂华.中国沿海集装箱港口群体系结构演化与竞争态势[J].经济地理,2014,34(6):92-99.
[19] Fung K F. Competition between the ports of Hong Kong and Singapore:a structural vector error correction model to forecast the demand for container handling services[J]. Maritime Policy&Management,2001,28(1):3-22.
(1)班轮公司集装箱运量排名数据来自:http://www.alphaliner.com/top100/index.php。
(2)拥有多个港区的港口统一合并为一个,如深圳的蛇口、赤湾、盐田,统称为深圳港。
(3)海运区域的划分根据参照参考文献[14]。
(1)港口货流量为该港口与其他港口集装箱货流联系之和。