不同淀粉含量木薯品种块根淀粉粒结构观察比较
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摘要
【目的】探讨不同淀粉含量木薯品种块根淀粉粒结构差异及其与淀粉含量的潜在关系,为研究木薯块根淀粉存储状态及品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】以高淀粉木薯品种GR891、辐选01和低淀粉木薯品种华南124为材料,通过块根形态解剖、石蜡切片观察、电镜扫描等方法比较不同淀粉含量木薯块根淀粉粒的结构特点。【结果】苗期时木薯块根淀粉主要存在于次生木质部。块根形成期淀粉粒大量存在;淀粉储藏区是木薯块根淀粉储藏的最主要区域,皮层部分少量分布,储藏区淀粉粒密度高于皮层;靠近中柱的次生木质部区域,其淀粉粒呈放射线状排列分布。不同淀粉含量木薯品种在淀粉粒形态上无明显差别,多数为一面不规则的半球形、椭球形。高淀粉品种的淀粉粒直径小于低淀粉品种,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】木薯块根淀粉积累的主要位置是淀粉储藏区,导管内部及临近区域的淀粉粒数量多、直径小、填充程度高,且在块根膨大期高淀粉木薯品种淀粉粒聚集程度高于低淀粉木薯品种。
【Objective】Starch grain structure in root tuber of cassava varieties with different starch contents and its relation to starch content were studied, so as to provide theoretical basis for starch storage and breeding of cassava.【Method】Taking high-starch cassava varieties GR891,Fuxuan 01 and low-starch cassava variety SC124 as materials, the starch grain structure in root tuber of different cassava varieties were studied by morphology anatomy,paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy of root tuber. 【Result】At seedling stage, starch was mainly stored in secondary xylem. At root tuber formation stage, starch grains were abundant. Most of them were stored at starch storage area and a small amount were distributed at cortex, but starch grain density in starch storage area was higher than that in cortex. In secondary xylem region near the middle column,starch grains were distributed in a radial arrangement. There was no significant difference in morphology of starch grains between different cassava varieties,and most of them were irregular semicircle and elliptical.Starch grain diameter of high-starch varieties was smaller than that of low-starch varieties, but the difference was insignificant(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】The main position of starch accumulation in root tuber of cassava is starch storage area. In catheter interior and adjacent areas, the number of starch grain is large, grain diameter is small, and filling degree is high.Aggregation degree of starch grain in high-starch cassava varieties is higher than that of low-starch cassava varieties at root tuber formation stage.
【Objective】Starch grain structure in root tuber of cassava varieties with different starch contents and its relation to starch content were studied, so as to provide theoretical basis for starch storage and breeding of cassava.【Method】Taking high-starch cassava varieties GR891,Fuxuan 01 and low-starch cassava variety SC124 as materials, the starch grain structure in root tuber of different cassava varieties were studied by morphology anatomy,paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy of root tuber. 【Result】At seedling stage, starch was mainly stored in secondary xylem. At root tuber formation stage, starch grains were abundant. Most of them were stored at starch storage area and a small amount were distributed at cortex, but starch grain density in starch storage area was higher than that in cortex. In secondary xylem region near the middle column,starch grains were distributed in a radial arrangement. There was no significant difference in morphology of starch grains between different cassava varieties,and most of them were irregular semicircle and elliptical.Starch grain diameter of high-starch varieties was smaller than that of low-starch varieties, but the difference was insignificant(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】The main position of starch accumulation in root tuber of cassava is starch storage area. In catheter interior and adjacent areas, the number of starch grain is large, grain diameter is small, and filling degree is high.Aggregation degree of starch grain in high-starch cassava varieties is higher than that of low-starch cassava varieties at root tuber formation stage.
引文
樊宪伟,蒙小月,付琼耀,傅承欢,李笑颜,李有志.2014.木薯块根解剖结构及皮层厚度与淀粉积累的关系[J].中国农学通报,30(33):89-93.[Fan X W,Meng X Y,Fu Q Y,Fu C H,Li X Y,Li Y Z.2014.The relationships of cassava root anatomical structure and root cortical thickness with starch accumulation[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,30(33):89-93.]
马妙娟.1989.木薯植株的解剖学研究[J].广西农学院学报,8(1):5-9.[Ma M J.1989.An anatomical study of Manihot esculenta[J].Journal of Guangxi Agricultural College,8(1):5-9.]
闵义,姚远,王静,胡新文,郭建春.2010.木薯块根膨大初期淀粉体形态及发育的扫描电镜观察[J].电子显微学报,29(4):379-384.[Min Y,Yao Y,Wang J,Hu X W,Guo JC.2010.Observation on the structure and development of amyloplast in early stage of cassava storage root with scanning electronic microscope[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,29(4):379-384.]
潘坤,聂佩显,卢诚,王文泉.2013.木薯须根、块根韧皮部及其周围薄壁细胞的超微结构观察和功能分析[J].电子显微学报,32(1):73-80.[Pan K,Nie P X,Lu C,Wang W Q.2013.Ultrastructures of phloem and its surrounding parenchyma cells of cassava fibrous and tuberous root[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,32(1):73-80.]
石海信,方丽萍,王爱荣,王晓丽.2015.微波辐射下木薯淀粉结构与性质的变化[J].食品科学,36(3):68-74.[Shi HX,Fang L P,Wang A R,Wang X L.2015.Variations in structure and properties of cassava starch after microwave irradiation[J].Food Science,36(3):68-74.]
汪树生,杨秋实,苏玉春,陈光.2013.湿热处理对木薯淀粉结构和性质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,(4):27-29.[Wang S S,Yang Q S,Su Y C,Chen G.2013.Effect of heat-moisture treatment on structure and properties of cassava starch[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,(4):27-29.]
熊飞,王忠,陈刚,王压,李波.2005.不同专用小麦胚乳细胞淀粉体的比较研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),26(1):74-76.[Xiong F,Wang Z,Chen G,Wang Y,Li B.2005.A comparison study on the amyloplasts of endosperm cells in the different and special wheat[J].Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Science Edition),26(1):74-76.]
曾文丹,罗兴录.2015.2个淀粉含量不同木薯品种SS II基因序列及不同生育期淀粉含量比较[J].江苏农业科学,43(5):35-38.[Zeng W D,Luo X L.2015.SS II gene sequences of two cassava varieties with different starch contents and starch content comparison at different growth stage[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,43(5):35-38.]
张箭.2011.木薯发展史初论[J].中国农史,(2):19-30.[Zhang J.2011.A preliminary discussion on history of cassava’s development[J].Agricultural History of China,(2):19-30.]
张鹏.2015.我国薯类基础研究的动态与展望[J].生物技术通报,31(4):65-71.[Zhang P.2015.Trends and prospect of basic research on root and tuber crops in China[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,31(4):65-71.]
张鹏,安冬,马秋香,王红霞,王连军,许佳,杨俊,周文智.2013.木薯分子育种中若干基本科学问题的思考与研究进展[J].中国科学:生命科学,43(12):1082-1089.[Zhang P,An D,Ma Q X,Wang H X,Wang L J,Xu J,Yang J,Zhou W Z.2013.Key scientific questions and recent advances in cassava molecular breeding[J].Scientia Sinica Vitae,43(12):1082-1089.]
张耀华,郑厚贵,关意昭,李定荣.2009.木薯的营养需求特点与平衡施肥研究进展[J].广东农业科学,(10):29-31.[Zhang Y H,Zheng H G,Guan Y Z,Li D R.2009.Summarization of research on nutritional characteristics and fertilizer of cassava[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,(10):29-31.]
张云康,李尧生,王永昭,胡晨康,汤圣祥.1997.酿酒籼稻糯米胚乳淀粉体的扫描电镜观察[J].作物学报,23(2):237-239.[Zhang Y K,Li Y S,Wang Y Z,Hu C K,Tang SX.1997.Observation on the starch granules in endosperm of waxy indica for wine-making with scanning electron microscope[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,23(2):237-239.]
周竹青,朱旭彤,王维金,兰盛银.2001.不同粒型小麦品种胚乳淀粉体的扫描电镜观察[J].电子显微学报,20(3):180-183.[Zhou Z Q,Zhu X T,Wang W J,Lan S Y.2001.Observation on the amyloplasts in endosperm of wheat varieties with different kernel types by scanning electron microscope[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,20(3):180-183.]
Ceballos H,Iglesias C A,Pérez J C,Dixon A G O.2004.Cassava breeding:Opportunities and challenges[J].Plant Molecular Biology,56:503-516.
Nassar N M A.2007.Cassava improvement:Challenges and impacts[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,145(2):163-171.
Raemakes K,Schreuder M,Suurs L,Furrer-Verhorst H,Vincken J P,de Vetten N,Jacobsen E,Visser R G F.2005.Improved cassava starch by antisense inhibition of granulebound starch synthase I[J].Molecular Breeding,16(2):163-172.
马妙娟.1989.木薯植株的解剖学研究[J].广西农学院学报,8(1):5-9.[Ma M J.1989.An anatomical study of Manihot esculenta[J].Journal of Guangxi Agricultural College,8(1):5-9.]
闵义,姚远,王静,胡新文,郭建春.2010.木薯块根膨大初期淀粉体形态及发育的扫描电镜观察[J].电子显微学报,29(4):379-384.[Min Y,Yao Y,Wang J,Hu X W,Guo JC.2010.Observation on the structure and development of amyloplast in early stage of cassava storage root with scanning electronic microscope[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,29(4):379-384.]
潘坤,聂佩显,卢诚,王文泉.2013.木薯须根、块根韧皮部及其周围薄壁细胞的超微结构观察和功能分析[J].电子显微学报,32(1):73-80.[Pan K,Nie P X,Lu C,Wang W Q.2013.Ultrastructures of phloem and its surrounding parenchyma cells of cassava fibrous and tuberous root[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,32(1):73-80.]
石海信,方丽萍,王爱荣,王晓丽.2015.微波辐射下木薯淀粉结构与性质的变化[J].食品科学,36(3):68-74.[Shi HX,Fang L P,Wang A R,Wang X L.2015.Variations in structure and properties of cassava starch after microwave irradiation[J].Food Science,36(3):68-74.]
汪树生,杨秋实,苏玉春,陈光.2013.湿热处理对木薯淀粉结构和性质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,(4):27-29.[Wang S S,Yang Q S,Su Y C,Chen G.2013.Effect of heat-moisture treatment on structure and properties of cassava starch[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,(4):27-29.]
熊飞,王忠,陈刚,王压,李波.2005.不同专用小麦胚乳细胞淀粉体的比较研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),26(1):74-76.[Xiong F,Wang Z,Chen G,Wang Y,Li B.2005.A comparison study on the amyloplasts of endosperm cells in the different and special wheat[J].Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Science Edition),26(1):74-76.]
曾文丹,罗兴录.2015.2个淀粉含量不同木薯品种SS II基因序列及不同生育期淀粉含量比较[J].江苏农业科学,43(5):35-38.[Zeng W D,Luo X L.2015.SS II gene sequences of two cassava varieties with different starch contents and starch content comparison at different growth stage[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,43(5):35-38.]
张箭.2011.木薯发展史初论[J].中国农史,(2):19-30.[Zhang J.2011.A preliminary discussion on history of cassava’s development[J].Agricultural History of China,(2):19-30.]
张鹏.2015.我国薯类基础研究的动态与展望[J].生物技术通报,31(4):65-71.[Zhang P.2015.Trends and prospect of basic research on root and tuber crops in China[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,31(4):65-71.]
张鹏,安冬,马秋香,王红霞,王连军,许佳,杨俊,周文智.2013.木薯分子育种中若干基本科学问题的思考与研究进展[J].中国科学:生命科学,43(12):1082-1089.[Zhang P,An D,Ma Q X,Wang H X,Wang L J,Xu J,Yang J,Zhou W Z.2013.Key scientific questions and recent advances in cassava molecular breeding[J].Scientia Sinica Vitae,43(12):1082-1089.]
张耀华,郑厚贵,关意昭,李定荣.2009.木薯的营养需求特点与平衡施肥研究进展[J].广东农业科学,(10):29-31.[Zhang Y H,Zheng H G,Guan Y Z,Li D R.2009.Summarization of research on nutritional characteristics and fertilizer of cassava[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,(10):29-31.]
张云康,李尧生,王永昭,胡晨康,汤圣祥.1997.酿酒籼稻糯米胚乳淀粉体的扫描电镜观察[J].作物学报,23(2):237-239.[Zhang Y K,Li Y S,Wang Y Z,Hu C K,Tang SX.1997.Observation on the starch granules in endosperm of waxy indica for wine-making with scanning electron microscope[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,23(2):237-239.]
周竹青,朱旭彤,王维金,兰盛银.2001.不同粒型小麦品种胚乳淀粉体的扫描电镜观察[J].电子显微学报,20(3):180-183.[Zhou Z Q,Zhu X T,Wang W J,Lan S Y.2001.Observation on the amyloplasts in endosperm of wheat varieties with different kernel types by scanning electron microscope[J].Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society,20(3):180-183.]
Ceballos H,Iglesias C A,Pérez J C,Dixon A G O.2004.Cassava breeding:Opportunities and challenges[J].Plant Molecular Biology,56:503-516.
Nassar N M A.2007.Cassava improvement:Challenges and impacts[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,145(2):163-171.
Raemakes K,Schreuder M,Suurs L,Furrer-Verhorst H,Vincken J P,de Vetten N,Jacobsen E,Visser R G F.2005.Improved cassava starch by antisense inhibition of granulebound starch synthase I[J].Molecular Breeding,16(2):163-172.