板栗种子淀粉体发育的扫描电镜观察
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摘要
为了探明板栗种子淀粉体生长的规律,以不同发育时期的板栗种子为试验材料,对淀粉体的大小、形态和发育情况等特性进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明:板栗糊粉层细胞中无淀粉体,不积累淀粉,淀粉体主要集中在子叶中;板栗种子有大、小两种淀粉体,大淀粉体呈鹅卵石形,小淀粉体呈圆球形;板栗种子以大淀粉体为主,空间排布较为紧密,此外,板栗淀粉体具有多面体形、球形、肾形、复合形等形态;板栗大淀粉体在种子发育前期和中期体积变化比较明显,而小淀粉体分布于大淀粉体的间隙中,增殖主要发生在种子发育中期和后期;淀粉体体积随发育天数的增加逐渐增大,长轴和短轴增长的变化呈"S"型生长曲线。
In order to get the growth law of the Chinese chestnut seed amyloid,the chestnut seeds at different development stages were used as the experiment materials. The size,shape and development condition of amyloid features were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the aleurone layer cells have no amyloid and accumulation of starch. The amyloid mainly concentrates in the cotyledons. The chestnut seeds contain two kinds of amyliod: the large are pebble and the small are round. The large amyloid is the main kind,and its spatial arrangement is close. In addition,the amyliod has other forms in chestnut seeds,such as polyhedral,spherical,kidney,and complex form. The volume of large amyloid changes obviously in the prophase and metaphase stages in chestnut seeds. The small amyloplast proliferation mainly occurres in middle and late stages of seed growth,and distributes in clearance of large amyloid. As the chestnut seed develops,the volume of amyloid gradually increases,and the growth change of long axis and short axis shows "S"type in the growing curves.
In order to get the growth law of the Chinese chestnut seed amyloid,the chestnut seeds at different development stages were used as the experiment materials. The size,shape and development condition of amyloid features were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the aleurone layer cells have no amyloid and accumulation of starch. The amyloid mainly concentrates in the cotyledons. The chestnut seeds contain two kinds of amyliod: the large are pebble and the small are round. The large amyloid is the main kind,and its spatial arrangement is close. In addition,the amyliod has other forms in chestnut seeds,such as polyhedral,spherical,kidney,and complex form. The volume of large amyloid changes obviously in the prophase and metaphase stages in chestnut seeds. The small amyloplast proliferation mainly occurres in middle and late stages of seed growth,and distributes in clearance of large amyloid. As the chestnut seed develops,the volume of amyloid gradually increases,and the growth change of long axis and short axis shows "S"type in the growing curves.
引文
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[13]袁莉民,常二华,徐伟,等.结实期低温对杂交水稻胚乳结构的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(1):96-102.
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[15]李敬玲,贾敬鸾,刘敏,等.多胞质玉米胚乳淀粉粒性状的扫描电镜观察[J].遗传学报,1999,26(3):249-253.
[16]张云康,李尧生,王永昭,等.酿酒籼稻糯米胚乳淀粉体的扫描电镜观察[J].作物学报,1997,23(2):237-239.
[17]Ellis R P,Cochrane M P,Dale M F B,et al.Starch production and industrial use[J].Sci Food Agric,1998,77:289-311.
[18]Tillett I J L,Bryce J H.The regulation of starch granule size in endosperm of developing barley grains[A].In:van Wijngaardenmed.European Brewery Convention:Proceedings of the 24th Congress[C],osle,1993.USA:Oxford University Press,1994,45-52.
[2]张宇和,柳鎏,梁维坚,等.中国果树志板栗榛子卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2005.
[3]许天龙,冯永巍,吴智敏,等.我国板栗生产现状与发展对策[J].浙江林业科技,2000,20(5):78-82.
[4]Magein H,Leurquin D.Changes in amylose,amylopectin and total starch content in jonagold apple fruit during growth and maturation[J].Acta Horticult,2000,(517):487-494.
[5]Nakamura Y.Towards a better understanding of the metabolic system for amylopectin biosynthesis in plants:Rice endosperm as a model tissue[J].Plant Cell Physiol,2002,(43):718-725.
[6]Jane J.Structure of starch granules[J].Journal of Applied Glycoscience,2007,(54):31-36.
[7]Kang H J,Hwang I K,Kim K S,et al.Comparative structure and physicochemical properties of Ilpumbyeo,a high-quality japonica rice,and its mutant,Suweon464[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2003,(51):6598-6603.
[8]Hizukuri T Y,Juliano B O.Structure and amounts of branched molecules in rice amylase[J].Carbohydrates,1989,186-193.
[9]张友玉,陈良碧,等.烟草叶片组织结构的扫描电镜观察方法[J].电子显微学报,2000,19(2):154-157.
[10]荆彦平,刘大同,李栋梁,等.小麦内胚乳细胞及其淀粉体的发育[J].麦类作物学报,2012,33(4):81-82.
[11]杨福,宋惠,崔喜艳,等.不同垩白度粳稻胚乳淀粉体发育的扫描电镜观察[J].作物学报,2004,30(4):406-407.
[12]汤圣祥,江云珠,李双盛,等.早籼胚乳淀粉体的扫描电镜观察[J].作物学报,1999,25(2):269-272.
[13]袁莉民,常二华,徐伟,等.结实期低温对杂交水稻胚乳结构的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(1):96-102.
[14]孙京田,秦月秋,杨德奎,等.玉米杂交品种胚乳淀粉粒性状的扫描电镜观察[J].电子显微学报,1992,5:393-395.
[15]李敬玲,贾敬鸾,刘敏,等.多胞质玉米胚乳淀粉粒性状的扫描电镜观察[J].遗传学报,1999,26(3):249-253.
[16]张云康,李尧生,王永昭,等.酿酒籼稻糯米胚乳淀粉体的扫描电镜观察[J].作物学报,1997,23(2):237-239.
[17]Ellis R P,Cochrane M P,Dale M F B,et al.Starch production and industrial use[J].Sci Food Agric,1998,77:289-311.
[18]Tillett I J L,Bryce J H.The regulation of starch granule size in endosperm of developing barley grains[A].In:van Wijngaardenmed.European Brewery Convention:Proceedings of the 24th Congress[C],osle,1993.USA:Oxford University Press,1994,45-52.