政策工具视角下中国体育科技政策改革:回顾与展望——基于1978—2018年体育科技政策的文本分析
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摘要
改革开放以来,中国体育科技取得了突飞猛进的发展,体育科技政策体系逐步完善,体育科技创新活力不断增强,促进了我国体育事业的发展。为了清楚的梳理中国体育科技政策体系的发展历程和总结成功经验,构建了基于政策工具维度、体育领域维度和创新价值链维度的三维分析框架,对1978—2018年期间的23项国家层面体育科技政策进行分析。在改革开放40年间的中国体育科技政策中,政策工具维度方面表现在环境型政策工具使用最为频繁;在体育各领域方面,政策工具使用不均衡,竞技体育领域使用较多;在创新价值链维度方面,知识创新政策工具使用多,体育科研创新和产业化创新政策工具使用较少。建议今后适度降低环境型政策工具的使用频率,加强需求型政策工具和供给型政策工具的使用;平衡各领域政策工具的使用,特别是要对群众体育和体育产业给予一定的政策保障,促进全民健康的实现和体育产业的平稳健康发展,保证各领域共同进步;提高体育科技政策工具与创新价值链的匹配度,在鼓励知识创新的同时,更加注重体育科研创新和产业化创新,使产学研更好的结合。
Since the reform and opening-up policy began,the sports science and technology has been developed rapidly,the sports science and technology policy system has been gradually improved,and the vitality of the sports science and technology innovation has been strengthened constantly and promoted the development of sports in our country. In order to analyze the development history of China's sports science and technology policy system clearly,and summarize successful experience,the three-dimensional framework based on the dimension of the policy tools,the dimension of the sports fields and the dimension of the innovation value chains was established for the first time to analyze 23 national sports science and technology policies from 1978 to 2018. During 40 years' reform and opening up of the Chinese sports science and technology policies,it is characterized by the most frequent use of environmental policy tools in terms of policy tools. In various fields of sports,the use of policy tools is imbalanced,and the use of competitive sports is more frequent. In terms of innovation value chain,the tools for knowledge innovation policies are used frequently,while the tools for sports research innovation and industrialization innovation policies are used rarely. It is suggested that we should reduce the frequency of using environmental policy tools appropriately in the future to strengthen the usage of demand-type policy tools and supply-type policy tools,balance the usage of the policy tools in all fields to ensure the common progress in all fields,In particular,we should provide some policy guarantees to Mass Sports and sports industry,so as to promote the realization of National Health and the steady and healthy development of sports industry,to improve the matched-degree between the sports scientific and technological policy tools and innovation value chain to pay more attention to the sports scientific research innovation and industrialization innovation.
Since the reform and opening-up policy began,the sports science and technology has been developed rapidly,the sports science and technology policy system has been gradually improved,and the vitality of the sports science and technology innovation has been strengthened constantly and promoted the development of sports in our country. In order to analyze the development history of China's sports science and technology policy system clearly,and summarize successful experience,the three-dimensional framework based on the dimension of the policy tools,the dimension of the sports fields and the dimension of the innovation value chains was established for the first time to analyze 23 national sports science and technology policies from 1978 to 2018. During 40 years' reform and opening up of the Chinese sports science and technology policies,it is characterized by the most frequent use of environmental policy tools in terms of policy tools. In various fields of sports,the use of policy tools is imbalanced,and the use of competitive sports is more frequent. In terms of innovation value chain,the tools for knowledge innovation policies are used frequently,while the tools for sports research innovation and industrialization innovation policies are used rarely. It is suggested that we should reduce the frequency of using environmental policy tools appropriately in the future to strengthen the usage of demand-type policy tools and supply-type policy tools,balance the usage of the policy tools in all fields to ensure the common progress in all fields,In particular,we should provide some policy guarantees to Mass Sports and sports industry,so as to promote the realization of National Health and the steady and healthy development of sports industry,to improve the matched-degree between the sports scientific and technological policy tools and innovation value chain to pay more attention to the sports scientific research innovation and industrialization innovation.
引文
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[11]张杰.我国体育科技发展研究综述[J].运动,2016(08):127.
[12]刘春华,李祥飞,张再生.基于政策工具视角下的中国体育政策分析[J].体育科学,2012,32(12):3-9.
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[17]郝大伟,崔建军,刘春华,等.基于政策工具视角下的中国体育产业政策分析[J].武汉体育学院学报,2014,48(09):55-60.
[18]张文鹏,王健.新中国成立以来学校体育政策的演进:基于政策文本的研究[J].体育科学,2015,35(02):14-23.
[19] HANSEN M T,BIRKINSHAW J.The Innovation Value Chain[J].Harvard Business Review,2007,85:121-135.
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[21] BAMFIELD P. The Innovation Chain,Research and Development Management in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry[M]. 2nd ed.Weinheim:WILEY-VCH Verlag GmBH&Co.,2004.
[22]张永安,耿喆,王燕妮.区域科技创新政策分类与政策工具挖掘:基于中关村数据的研究[J].科技进步与对策,2015,32(17):116-122.
[23]汪涛,谢宁宁.基于内容分析法的科技创新政策协同研究[J].技术经济,2013,32(09):22-28.
[24]叶金育.体育产业发展中的财税政策工具:选择、组合与应用[J].体育科学,2016,36(06):73-83.
[25]朱亚云.近十年我国体育与科技政策动态分析研究[D].上海:上海体育学院,2011.
[26]程亚利.改革开放以来《人民日报》的体育科技报道研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2016.
[27]蔡有志.我国体育科技创新体系构建研究[D].上海:上海体育学院,2015.
[2]黄荔生,朱家新,吴丽芳.新时期我国体育科技发展回顾与展望[J].吉林体育学院学报,2009,25(05):21-23.
[3]刘洪涛.我国体育科技政策历史变迁研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2011.
[4]赵道静.我国体育科技成果转化机制研究[D].武汉:武汉体育学院,2012.
[5]刘洪涛,史康成.新中国体育科技政策的变迁规律[J].北京体育大学学报,2013,36(07):12-16+21.
[6]王大贵.我国体育科技成果转化运作机制探析[J].广州体育学院学报,2014,34(03):4-6.
[7]刘洪涛.新中国体育科技政策沿革的历史考察[J].吉林体育学院学报,2014,30(05):6-9.
[8]翟国强.中国体育科技创新体系建设的战略模式及现实路径研究[J].洛阳师范学院学报,2014,33(08):97-100.
[9]刘洪涛,刘峥.新中国体育科技政策变迁的政策学分析[J].西安体育学院学报,2015,32(01):27-32.
[10]刘洪涛.“体育强国”建设背景下我国体育科技政策的发展构想[J].吉林体育学院学报,2016,32(02):1-4.
[11]张杰.我国体育科技发展研究综述[J].运动,2016(08):127.
[12]刘春华,李祥飞,张再生.基于政策工具视角下的中国体育政策分析[J].体育科学,2012,32(12):3-9.
[13] HOWLETT M,RAMESH M. Studying Public Policy:Policy Cycles and Policy Subsystems[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1995:163.
[14] ROTHWELL R,ZEGVELD W. Reindusdalization and Technology[M].Logman Group Limited,1985.
[15] SCHNEIDER A L,INGRAM H. Behavioral assumptions of policy tools[J]. Journal of Politics,1990,52(2):513-522.
[16]谢青,田志龙.创新政策如何推动我国新能源汽车产业的发展:基于政策工具与创新价值链的政策文本分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(06):3-14.
[17]郝大伟,崔建军,刘春华,等.基于政策工具视角下的中国体育产业政策分析[J].武汉体育学院学报,2014,48(09):55-60.
[18]张文鹏,王健.新中国成立以来学校体育政策的演进:基于政策文本的研究[J].体育科学,2015,35(02):14-23.
[19] HANSEN M T,BIRKINSHAW J.The Innovation Value Chain[J].Harvard Business Review,2007,85:121-135.
[20] TURKENBURG W C. The Innovation Chain:Policies to Promote Energy Innovation,Energy for Sustainable Development[M]. New York:The UN Publication,2002.
[21] BAMFIELD P. The Innovation Chain,Research and Development Management in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry[M]. 2nd ed.Weinheim:WILEY-VCH Verlag GmBH&Co.,2004.
[22]张永安,耿喆,王燕妮.区域科技创新政策分类与政策工具挖掘:基于中关村数据的研究[J].科技进步与对策,2015,32(17):116-122.
[23]汪涛,谢宁宁.基于内容分析法的科技创新政策协同研究[J].技术经济,2013,32(09):22-28.
[24]叶金育.体育产业发展中的财税政策工具:选择、组合与应用[J].体育科学,2016,36(06):73-83.
[25]朱亚云.近十年我国体育与科技政策动态分析研究[D].上海:上海体育学院,2011.
[26]程亚利.改革开放以来《人民日报》的体育科技报道研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2016.
[27]蔡有志.我国体育科技创新体系构建研究[D].上海:上海体育学院,2015.