柴达木盆地沙尘暴天气影响因素
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摘要
以柴达木盆地9个地面气象站点1961—2016年的逐日观测资料,分析该地区沙尘暴发生频率与气象因子和地表因子的关系,对比沙尘暴发生日与未发生日的气象因子和地表因子的差异。结果表明:①柴达木盆地沙尘暴日数与风速、大风日数有显著正相关关系,是影响最大的气象因子;气温与沙尘暴日数存在正相关性,但各地区有差异;相对湿度和降水对沙尘暴日数有明显的抑制作用;日照时数与沙尘暴日数存在弱的正相关关系。②植被对沙尘暴有抑制作用,但对柴达木盆地北部沙尘暴日数的抑制作用不显著;冻土深度对沙尘暴的影响存在滞后效应,滞后时间为2—3月。③沙尘暴发生时日最低气温偏高,相对湿度偏大,降水偏多,风速明显偏大,日照时数偏小,气温(地温)差偏小;日照时数小是沙尘暴发生的必要不充分条件。
Based on the daily data of 9 meteorological stations during 1961—2016 in Qaidam Basin,the correlation between dust storm frequency and meteorological and surface factors was analyzed,and the difference of both factors between dust storm occurrence and not was identified. Results showed that the wind speeds and strong wind days were the most influential factors to dust storm frequency; Temperature was a positive factor,but different in every county; Humidity was a negative factor; The effect of precipitation on dust storm was accumulated; It was weak positive correlation between sunshine hours and dust storm. Vegetation inhabited dust storm,but not significantly in north of Qaidam Basin; The effect of frozen soil depth on dust storm was lagged by 2-3 months. There were higher temperature minimum,humidity,precipitation,wind speeds,and lower sunshine hours,difference in temperature in dust storm weather. Sunshine hours was necessary and not sufficient condition to dust storms.
Based on the daily data of 9 meteorological stations during 1961—2016 in Qaidam Basin,the correlation between dust storm frequency and meteorological and surface factors was analyzed,and the difference of both factors between dust storm occurrence and not was identified. Results showed that the wind speeds and strong wind days were the most influential factors to dust storm frequency; Temperature was a positive factor,but different in every county; Humidity was a negative factor; The effect of precipitation on dust storm was accumulated; It was weak positive correlation between sunshine hours and dust storm. Vegetation inhabited dust storm,but not significantly in north of Qaidam Basin; The effect of frozen soil depth on dust storm was lagged by 2-3 months. There were higher temperature minimum,humidity,precipitation,wind speeds,and lower sunshine hours,difference in temperature in dust storm weather. Sunshine hours was necessary and not sufficient condition to dust storms.
引文
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[24]Shao Y P.Physics and Modelling of Wind Erosion[M].Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2000.
[2]王式功,董光荣,陈惠忠,等.沙尘暴研究的进展[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(4):349-356.
[3]张士才.甘肃省河西地区农业生态环境的现状及对策[J].生态经济,1990(3):45-46.
[4]郭彩赟,韩致文,李爱敏.塔克拉玛干沙漠地区沙尘暴研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1646-1652.
[5]范一大,史培军,周涛,等.中国北方沙尘灾害影响因子分析[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(4):350-356.
[6]高庆先,任阵海,张志刚,等.沙尘天气对大气环境影响[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[7]张焕平,张占峰,金惠瑛,等.柴达木盆地沙尘天气的气候特征及与气象要素的关系[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(5):1382-1384.
[8]Zender C S,Kwon Eun-Young.Regional contrasts in dust emission responses to climate[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2005,110(D13):1-7.
[9]李林,赵强.青海省沙尘暴天气研究[J].气象科技,2002,30(4):218-221.
[10]王金艳,王式功,马艳,等.我国北方春季沙尘暴与气候因子之关系[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(2):296-300.
[11]张莉,任国玉.中国北方沙尘暴频数演化及其气候成因分析[J].气象学报,2003,61(6):744-750.
[12]崔林丽,史军,杨引明,等.中国东部植被NDVI对气温和降水的旬响应特征[J].地理学报,2009,64(7):850-860.
[13]Holben B N.Characteristics of maximum-value composite images from temporal AVHRR data[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1986,7(11):1417-1434.
[14]李万元,吕世华,董治宝,等.巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区降水量的时空变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):94-105.
[15]常兆丰,王耀琳,韩福贵,等.沙尘暴发生日数与空气湿度和植物物候的关系---以民勤荒漠区为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(5):1378-1386.
[16]石慧兰,王新堂,邵志勇,等.鲁西北52年日照变化特征及原因[J].气象,2007,33(2):93-97.
[17]魏占雄,舒贵清,王晓兰.共和盆地木格滩荒漠区日照气候变化特征及成因分析[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(30):18811-18823.
[18]杨霞,蔡梅,赵逸舟,等.近39年喀什日照时数变化分析[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(1):158-162.
[19]林朝晖,陈红,张时煌,等.2003年春季中国沙尘天气异常的气候及环境背景[J].气候与环境研究,2004,9(1):191-202.
[20]方宗义,朱福康,江吉喜,等.中国沙尘暴研究[M].北京:气象出版社,1997.
[21]Tucker C J,Newcomb W W,Los S O,et al.Mean and inter-year variation of growing seasons normalized difference vegetation index for the Sahel 1981-1989[J].International Journal of Remote Sencing,1991,12:1133-1135.
[22]岳平,牛生杰,王连喜,等.一次夏季强沙尘暴形成机理的综合分析[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):370-374.
[23]牛生杰,岳平,刘晓云.2004年春夏季两次沙尘暴期间地面气象要素变化特征对比分析[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(6):1067-1071.
[24]Shao Y P.Physics and Modelling of Wind Erosion[M].Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2000.