老爷庙火成岩发育区低信噪比资料处理关键技术探讨
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摘要
老爷庙地区位于渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷的西北部,是冀东油田的重要油气分布区,高质量的地震资料是该区油气勘探的重要依据.但是,由于受到中浅层的复杂断裂、中深层发育的三套火成岩和强横向非均质性的影响,采集的地震资料信噪比低,多次波发育.为了提高探区资料的成像品质,采用了针对性的处理策略,本文详细的分析了每种策略的基本原理并展示了应用效果,首先通过近地表Q补偿技术改善由于地表吸收造成的振幅、频率损失及相位畸变;其次,基于稳健地表一致性反褶积技术较好地解决了低信噪比资料的高分辨率处理问题,避免传统反褶积方法引起的噪声能量加强;再次,应用可适应非规则观测系统的广义多次波衰减技术(GSMP)压制了部分强火成岩引起的多次波.针对性处理对策克服了常规处理的不足,提高了该地区地震资料的成像品质,获得较高分辨率和信噪比的成果数据,为老爷庙地区油气勘探奠定了良好的基础.
Laoyemiao located in Bohai gulf northwest of Nanbao depression which is an important oil and gas distribution zone of Jidong oilfield. High quality seismic data is the basis for oil exploration,but, because of the complex faults in middle and shallow layers,three sets of igneous rocks developed in middle and deep layers,strong lateral heterogeneity,acquired seismic data has low signal to noise ratio and strong multiples. In order to improve the image quality of data with low signal to noise ratio,specific strategies was used. In this paper,basic theory of each strategy was illustrated and real data processing result was shown. First,near surface Q compensation was used to compensate the amplitude and frequency loss caused by near surface absorption; second,high resolution procession of low signal to noise ratio data was overcome by surface consistent robust deconvolution, avoiding the noise energy enhancement caused by the traditional deconvolution method; third,general surface related multiple prediction method which can adopt irregular acquisition system was used to suppress multiples caused by three sets of igneous rocks. The disadvantage of traditional processing was overcome by proposed specific strategies and seismic image quality was improved. So,we obtained higher resolution and signal to noise ratio result which is a basis for oil and gas exploration in Laoyemiao area.
Laoyemiao located in Bohai gulf northwest of Nanbao depression which is an important oil and gas distribution zone of Jidong oilfield. High quality seismic data is the basis for oil exploration,but, because of the complex faults in middle and shallow layers,three sets of igneous rocks developed in middle and deep layers,strong lateral heterogeneity,acquired seismic data has low signal to noise ratio and strong multiples. In order to improve the image quality of data with low signal to noise ratio,specific strategies was used. In this paper,basic theory of each strategy was illustrated and real data processing result was shown. First,near surface Q compensation was used to compensate the amplitude and frequency loss caused by near surface absorption; second,high resolution procession of low signal to noise ratio data was overcome by surface consistent robust deconvolution, avoiding the noise energy enhancement caused by the traditional deconvolution method; third,general surface related multiple prediction method which can adopt irregular acquisition system was used to suppress multiples caused by three sets of igneous rocks. The disadvantage of traditional processing was overcome by proposed specific strategies and seismic image quality was improved. So,we obtained higher resolution and signal to noise ratio result which is a basis for oil and gas exploration in Laoyemiao area.
引文
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Pei J Y,Chen S M,Liu Z K,et al.2001.Near surface Q value extraction and amplitude compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),16(4):18-22,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2001.04.004.
Shi W W,Huang R S,Wang D N,et al.2015.Application of highfidelity merging processing of seismic data at Nanpu area in Jidong oilfield[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),20(2):63-71,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2015.02.009.
Shi Y,Wang W H,Li Y,et al.2013.3D surface-related multiple prediction approach investigation based on wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(6):2023-2032,doi:10.6038/cjg20130623.
Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J,Wapenaar C P A.1992.Adaptive surfacerelated multiple elimination[J].Geophysics,57(9):1166-1177.
Wang T K,Zhao B Y,Fu X S,et al.2010.A comprehensive study of the refined structural interpretation and reservoir prediction in the Ordovician burial hill in the Nanpu sag[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),25(2):548-554,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.02.024.
Wu J Z,Yang X L,Long Y.2016.A robust approach of inverse Qfiltering with equivalent Q[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),51(1):63-70,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2016.01.009.
Xiao E L,Chen Y,Wan H,et al.2010.Surface-related multiple elimination on marine seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),25(3):1057-1064,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.03.046.
Xu A N,Dong Y X,Zou C N,et al.2008.Division and evaluation of oil-gas prolific zones for litho-stratigraphic reservoirs in the Nanpu Sag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),35(3):272-280.
陈志德,王成,刘国友,等.2015.近地表Q值模型建立方法及其地震叠前补偿应用[J].石油学报,36(2):188-196,doi:10.7623/syxb201502007.
高倩,刘建朝,常象宇.2015.稳健稀疏反褶积方法研究[J].工程数学学报,32(3):328-336,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-3085.2015.03.002.
罗勇,毛海波,薛为平,等.2016.利用多项式拟合质心频移法估算近地表Q值[J].石油地球物理勘探,51(3):589-595,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2016.03.022.
裴江云,陈树民,刘振宽,等.2001.近地表Q值求取及振幅补偿[J].地球物理学进展,16(4):18-22,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2001.04.004.
石文武,黄荣善,王冬娜,等.2015.地震资料的高保真融合处理技术在冀东油田南堡地区的应用[J].海洋油气地质,20(2):63-71,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2015.02.009.
石颖,王维红,李莹,等.2013.基于波动方程三维表面多次波预测方法研究[J].地球物理学报,56(6):2023-2032,doi:10.6038/cjg20130623.
王童奎,赵宝银,付兴深,等.2010.南堡凹陷奥陶系潜山精细构造解释和储层预测综合研究[J].地球物理学进展,25(2):548-554,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.02.024.
吴吉忠,杨晓利,龙洋.2016.一种稳定高效的等效Q值反Q滤波算法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,51(1):63-70,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2016.01.009.
肖二莲,陈瑜,万欢,等.2010.SRME多次波衰减方法在海洋地震资料中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,25(3):1057-1064,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.03.046.
徐安娜,董月霞,邹才能,等.2008.南堡凹陷岩性-地层油气藏区带划分与评价[J].石油勘探与开发,35(3):272-280.
Chen Z D,Wang C,Liu G Y,et al.2015.Modeling method of nearsurface Q value and its seismic pre-stack compensation application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2015,36(2):188-196,doi:10.7623/syxb201502007.
Dragoset B,Yu M,Zhao W,et al.2008.3D general surface multiple prediction:An algorithm for all surveys[C].//2008 SEG Annual Meeting.Las Vegas,Nevada:SEG,2426-2430.
Gao Q,Liu J C,Chang X Y.2015.Study on robust sparse deconvolution[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Mathematics(in Chinese),32(3):328-336,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-3085.2015.03.002.
Kirchheimer F,Ferber R.2001.Robust surface-consistent deconvolution with noise suppression[C].//2001 SEG Annual Meeting.San Antonio,Texas:SEG,1831-1834.
Luo Y,Mao H B,Xue W P,et al.2016.Nearsurface Q estimation based on polynomial fitting centroid frequency shift[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),51(3):589-595,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2016.03.022.
Pei J Y,Chen S M,Liu Z K,et al.2001.Near surface Q value extraction and amplitude compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),16(4):18-22,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2001.04.004.
Shi W W,Huang R S,Wang D N,et al.2015.Application of highfidelity merging processing of seismic data at Nanpu area in Jidong oilfield[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),20(2):63-71,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2015.02.009.
Shi Y,Wang W H,Li Y,et al.2013.3D surface-related multiple prediction approach investigation based on wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(6):2023-2032,doi:10.6038/cjg20130623.
Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J,Wapenaar C P A.1992.Adaptive surfacerelated multiple elimination[J].Geophysics,57(9):1166-1177.
Wang T K,Zhao B Y,Fu X S,et al.2010.A comprehensive study of the refined structural interpretation and reservoir prediction in the Ordovician burial hill in the Nanpu sag[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),25(2):548-554,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.02.024.
Wu J Z,Yang X L,Long Y.2016.A robust approach of inverse Qfiltering with equivalent Q[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),51(1):63-70,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2016.01.009.
Xiao E L,Chen Y,Wan H,et al.2010.Surface-related multiple elimination on marine seismic data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),25(3):1057-1064,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.03.046.
Xu A N,Dong Y X,Zou C N,et al.2008.Division and evaluation of oil-gas prolific zones for litho-stratigraphic reservoirs in the Nanpu Sag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),35(3):272-280.
陈志德,王成,刘国友,等.2015.近地表Q值模型建立方法及其地震叠前补偿应用[J].石油学报,36(2):188-196,doi:10.7623/syxb201502007.
高倩,刘建朝,常象宇.2015.稳健稀疏反褶积方法研究[J].工程数学学报,32(3):328-336,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-3085.2015.03.002.
罗勇,毛海波,薛为平,等.2016.利用多项式拟合质心频移法估算近地表Q值[J].石油地球物理勘探,51(3):589-595,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2016.03.022.
裴江云,陈树民,刘振宽,等.2001.近地表Q值求取及振幅补偿[J].地球物理学进展,16(4):18-22,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2001.04.004.
石文武,黄荣善,王冬娜,等.2015.地震资料的高保真融合处理技术在冀东油田南堡地区的应用[J].海洋油气地质,20(2):63-71,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2015.02.009.
石颖,王维红,李莹,等.2013.基于波动方程三维表面多次波预测方法研究[J].地球物理学报,56(6):2023-2032,doi:10.6038/cjg20130623.
王童奎,赵宝银,付兴深,等.2010.南堡凹陷奥陶系潜山精细构造解释和储层预测综合研究[J].地球物理学进展,25(2):548-554,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.02.024.
吴吉忠,杨晓利,龙洋.2016.一种稳定高效的等效Q值反Q滤波算法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,51(1):63-70,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2016.01.009.
肖二莲,陈瑜,万欢,等.2010.SRME多次波衰减方法在海洋地震资料中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,25(3):1057-1064,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.03.046.
徐安娜,董月霞,邹才能,等.2008.南堡凹陷岩性-地层油气藏区带划分与评价[J].石油勘探与开发,35(3):272-280.