锑胁迫下生物炭对番茄锑积累及生化特性的影响
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摘要
分别采用秸秆炭(SBC)和果木炭(FBC)孵化锑(Sb)污染土壤,以番茄为受试植物进行盆栽实验,采用连续提取方法测定了各孵化土壤中的Sb形态,并将土壤中Sb各形态含量与番茄植株中Sb的积累量进行相关性分析,通过测定番茄植株的叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性以及番茄植株根细胞形态的变化,研究了生物炭对Sb污染土壤下番茄植株生理生化特性的影响。结果表明:添加10%SBC时,番茄根部Sb的积累与对照相比显著降低了66%(P<0.01);加入10%FBC时,番茄根部Sb的积累量与对照相比显著降低了32%(P<0.01);各处理组中,番茄植株各器官中Sb的积累量均为根>叶>茎;两种生物炭改变了土壤中Sb的存在形态,且果木炭对Sb的形态变化影响更大。相关性分析表明:生物炭通过影响土壤Sb的存在形态而影响了Sb的植物有效性;生物炭提高了番茄叶片叶绿素的含量,降低了叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化物酶(POD)活性,提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并且缓解了番茄根部受Sb的胁迫。
Sb-contaminated soils incubated with/without wheat straw-derived biochar(SBC) and fruit tree-derived biochar(FBC) were used to plant Lycopersicum esculentum.Sb fractions in soil were measured by sequential chemical extractions.The correlation between the contents of Sb fractions in soil and the accumulation of Sb in L.esculentum was analyzed.The chlorophyll content,antioxidant system,and root cell morphology of L.esculentum were investigated to examine the effects of biochar on biochemical characteristics of L.esculentum in Sb-contaminated soil.Compared to the control,the accumulation of Sb was decreased by 66%(P<0.01) in treatment with 10% SBC and 32%(P<0.01) in treatment with 10% FBC,respectively.Sb accumulation distribution was in order of root>leaf>stem for all treatments.Sb fraction was changed by biochar,and FBC had greater effect on Sb fraction than SBC.The correlation analysis showed that the change of Sb fraction in soil induced by biochar affected the phytoavailability of Sb.Biochar increased chlorophyll content and CAT activity,while reduced SOD and POD activities of L.esculentum.Stressed root cell morphology by Sb was alleviated by biochar.
Sb-contaminated soils incubated with/without wheat straw-derived biochar(SBC) and fruit tree-derived biochar(FBC) were used to plant Lycopersicum esculentum.Sb fractions in soil were measured by sequential chemical extractions.The correlation between the contents of Sb fractions in soil and the accumulation of Sb in L.esculentum was analyzed.The chlorophyll content,antioxidant system,and root cell morphology of L.esculentum were investigated to examine the effects of biochar on biochemical characteristics of L.esculentum in Sb-contaminated soil.Compared to the control,the accumulation of Sb was decreased by 66%(P<0.01) in treatment with 10% SBC and 32%(P<0.01) in treatment with 10% FBC,respectively.Sb accumulation distribution was in order of root>leaf>stem for all treatments.Sb fraction was changed by biochar,and FBC had greater effect on Sb fraction than SBC.The correlation analysis showed that the change of Sb fraction in soil induced by biochar affected the phytoavailability of Sb.Biochar increased chlorophyll content and CAT activity,while reduced SOD and POD activities of L.esculentum.Stressed root cell morphology by Sb was alleviated by biochar.
引文
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Guo J,Zhou R,Ren X,et al.2018.Effects of salicylic acid,epi-brassinolide and calcium on stress alleviation and Cd accumulation in tomato plants.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,157:491-496.
He M.2007.Distribution and phytoavailability of antimony at an antimony mining and smelting area,Hunan,China.Environmental Geochemistry&Health,29:209-219.
Hoagland DR,Arnon DI.1950.The water-culture method for growing plants without soil.California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular,347:1-32.
Huffa MD,Kumarb S,Leea JW.2014.Comparative analysis of pinewood,peanut shell,and bamboo biomass derived biochars produced via hydrothermal conversion and pyrolysis.Journal of Environmental Management,146:303-308.
Husson,Olivier.2013.Redox potential(Eh)and p H as drivers of soil/plant/microorganism;systems:A transdisciplinary overview pointing to integrative opportunities for agronomy.Plant and Soil,362:389-417.
Liu Y,Yang M,Wu Y,et al.2011.Reducing CH4and CO2emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar.Journal of Soils&Sediments,11:930-939.
Mitsunobu S,Takahashi Y,Terada Y,et al.2010.Antimony(V)incorporation into synthetic ferrihydrite,goethite,and natural iron oxyhydroxides.Environmental Science&Technology,44:3712-3718.
NIAST.2000.Methods of soil and plant analysis.National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology,RDA,Suwon,Korea.
Niazi NK,Murtaza B,Bibi I,et al.2016.Removal and recovery of metals by biosorbents and biochars derived from biowastes.Environmental Materials and Waste:149-177.
Okkenhaug G,Amstatter K,Lassen BH,et al.2013.Antimony(Sb)contaminated shooting range soil:Sb mobility and immobilization by soil amendments.Environmental Science&Technology,47:6431-6439.
Ren X,Zhang P,Zhao L,et al.2016.Sorption and degradation of carbaryl in soils amended with biochars:Influence of biochar type and content.Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,23:2724-2734.
Savonina EY,Fedotov PS,Wennrich R.2012.Fractionation of Sb and As in soil and sludge samples using different continuous-flow extraction techniques.Analytical&Bioanalytical Chemistry,403:1441-1449.
Silveira MLA.2003.Biosolids and heavy metals in soils.Scientia Agricola,60:793-806.
Vithanage M,Herath I,Joseph S,et al.2017.Interaction of arsenic with biochar in soil and water:A critical review.Carbon,113:219-230.
Yuan JH,Xu RK,Zhang H.2011.The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures.Bioresource Technology,102:3488-3497.
陈愚,任久长,蔡晓明.1998.镉对沉水植物硝酸还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响.环境科学学报,18(3):313-317.
陈志鹏,魏源,赵冬安,等.2015.丛枝菌根真菌对紫花苜蓿锑积累和抗氧化活性的影响.农业环境科学学报,34(6):1053-1059.
石玉龙,刘杏认,高佩玲,等.2017.生物炭和有机肥对华北农田盐碱土N2O排放的影响.环境科学,38(12):5333-5343.
高俊凤.2006.植物生理学实验指导.北京:高等教育出版社.
郭军康.2014.耐Cd植物促生菌对番茄幼苗生长及Cd吸收转运的影响机制(博士学位论文).天津:天津大学.
黄磊,陈玉成,赵亚琦,等.2018.生物炭添加对湿地植物生长及氧化应激响应的影响.环境科学,39(6):2904-2910.
黄益宗,蒋航,王农,等.2018.外源褪黑素对不同价态砷胁迫下水稻种子萌发和生理指标的影响.生态学杂志,37(6):1730-1737.
李季,黄益宗,胡莹,等.2015.改良剂对土壤Sb赋存形态和生物可给性的影响.环境化学,34(6):1043-1048.
罗海林,汤佳,周普雄,等.2018.异化铁还原诱导次生铁矿对土壤重金属形态转化的影响.生态学杂志,37(6):1620-1627.
孙雅慧.2016.锰毒害对拟南芥主根生长影响的生理与分子机制初探(硕士学位论文).青海:青海师范大学.
徐勤松,施国新,周红卫,等.2003.Cd、Zn复合污染对水车前叶绿素含量和活性氧清除系统的影响.生态学杂志,22(1):5-8.
许仁智.2016.生物炭对Cd/Pb污染淡灰钙土土壤特性、重金属形态及生物有效性的影响及其机制(硕士学位论文).兰州:兰州交通大学.
姚玲丹,程广焕,王丽晓,等.2015.施用BC对土壤微生物的影响.环境化学,34(4):697-704.
易诗明.2017.铅锌胁迫对蓖麻根系形态结构及元素吸收的影响(硕士学位论文).湖南:中南林业科技大学.
张玉洁,吴婷,赵娟,等.2017.生物炭添加对秸秆还田土壤细菌群落结构和多样性影响.环境科学学报,37(2):712-720.
Ahmad M,Ok YS,Rajapaksha AU,et al.2016.Lead and copper immobilization in a shooting range soil using soybean stover-and pine needle-derived biochars:Chemical,microbial and spectroscopic assessments.Journal of Hazardous Materials,301:179-186.
Ahmad M,Sang SL,Lee SE,et al.2017.Biochar-induced changes in soil properties affected immobilization/mobilization of metals/metalloids in contaminated soils.Journal of Soils&Sediments,17:1-14.
Ahmad M,Sang SL,Lim JE,et al.2014.Speciation and phytoavailability of lead and antimony in a small arms range soil amended with mussel shell,cow bone and biochar:EXAFS spectroscopy and chemical extractions.Chemosphere,95:433-441.
Beiyuan J,Awad Y,Beckers F,et al.2017.Mobility and phytoavailability of As and Pb in a contaminated soil using pine sawdust biochar under systematic change of redox conditions.Chemosphere,178:110-118.
Boehm HP,Diehl E,Heck W,et al.1964.Surface oxides of carbon.Angewandte Chemie International Edition,3:669-677.
Feng R,Wei C,Tu S,et al.2013.The uptake and detoxification of antimony by plants:A review.Environmental&Experimental Botany,96:28-34.
Gregory SJ,Anderson CWN,Arbestain MC,et al.2014.Response of plant and soil microbes to biochar amendment of an arsenic-contaminated soil.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,191:133-141.
Guo J,Zhou R,Ren X,et al.2018.Effects of salicylic acid,epi-brassinolide and calcium on stress alleviation and Cd accumulation in tomato plants.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,157:491-496.
He M.2007.Distribution and phytoavailability of antimony at an antimony mining and smelting area,Hunan,China.Environmental Geochemistry&Health,29:209-219.
Hoagland DR,Arnon DI.1950.The water-culture method for growing plants without soil.California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular,347:1-32.
Huffa MD,Kumarb S,Leea JW.2014.Comparative analysis of pinewood,peanut shell,and bamboo biomass derived biochars produced via hydrothermal conversion and pyrolysis.Journal of Environmental Management,146:303-308.
Husson,Olivier.2013.Redox potential(Eh)and p H as drivers of soil/plant/microorganism;systems:A transdisciplinary overview pointing to integrative opportunities for agronomy.Plant and Soil,362:389-417.
Liu Y,Yang M,Wu Y,et al.2011.Reducing CH4and CO2emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar.Journal of Soils&Sediments,11:930-939.
Mitsunobu S,Takahashi Y,Terada Y,et al.2010.Antimony(V)incorporation into synthetic ferrihydrite,goethite,and natural iron oxyhydroxides.Environmental Science&Technology,44:3712-3718.
NIAST.2000.Methods of soil and plant analysis.National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology,RDA,Suwon,Korea.
Niazi NK,Murtaza B,Bibi I,et al.2016.Removal and recovery of metals by biosorbents and biochars derived from biowastes.Environmental Materials and Waste:149-177.
Okkenhaug G,Amstatter K,Lassen BH,et al.2013.Antimony(Sb)contaminated shooting range soil:Sb mobility and immobilization by soil amendments.Environmental Science&Technology,47:6431-6439.
Ren X,Zhang P,Zhao L,et al.2016.Sorption and degradation of carbaryl in soils amended with biochars:Influence of biochar type and content.Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,23:2724-2734.
Savonina EY,Fedotov PS,Wennrich R.2012.Fractionation of Sb and As in soil and sludge samples using different continuous-flow extraction techniques.Analytical&Bioanalytical Chemistry,403:1441-1449.
Silveira MLA.2003.Biosolids and heavy metals in soils.Scientia Agricola,60:793-806.
Vithanage M,Herath I,Joseph S,et al.2017.Interaction of arsenic with biochar in soil and water:A critical review.Carbon,113:219-230.
Yuan JH,Xu RK,Zhang H.2011.The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures.Bioresource Technology,102:3488-3497.