适用于闭环控制的快速相量计算方法
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摘要
近年来,大量电力电子设备在电力系统电源、电网与负荷侧广泛应用,导致电力系统跨区域、跨电压等级的系统性连锁故障逐渐增多,亟需精细化闭环控制。这要求同步相量测量装置(SynchrophasorMeasurementUnits,PMUs)在保证测量精度的同时,具有快速的响应速度。针对这一问题,提出了一种适用于闭环控制的快速相量测量方法。该方法分析了传统DFT算法在系统动态条件下的测量误差特性,揭示了时标位置对相量测量精度与上传延时的影响。为减少PMU上传延时,研究了将时标打在时间窗尾部时相量测量误差与动态相量模型参数的规律,提出了相量修正方法,在减少上传延时的同时兼顾了测量精度。仿真测试验证了所提方法的测量精度与上传延时远高于PMU标准对保护控制类PMU的要求,可用于复杂电力系统闭环控制应用。
With the development of power electronic equipment in power, grid and load side, the systemic cascading failures across the voltage and region is increasing. The closed-loop control is needed. This requires Synchrophasor Measurement Units(PMUs) to measure phasors accurately and quickly. In this paper, a fast phasor measurement method for closed-loop control is proposed. The measurement error characteristic of traditional DFT under dynamic condition is revealed, and the influence of time mark position on accuracy and reporting latency is analyzed. The behavior of phasor measurement error and dynamic phasor model parameter with time mark at tail of window is analyzed. And the phasor modification method is proposed to reduce the reporting latency and ensure the accuracy. Simulation test verifies that the measurement accuracy and reporting latency is far exceed the standards of PMU for protection and control. It can be used for close-loop control.
With the development of power electronic equipment in power, grid and load side, the systemic cascading failures across the voltage and region is increasing. The closed-loop control is needed. This requires Synchrophasor Measurement Units(PMUs) to measure phasors accurately and quickly. In this paper, a fast phasor measurement method for closed-loop control is proposed. The measurement error characteristic of traditional DFT under dynamic condition is revealed, and the influence of time mark position on accuracy and reporting latency is analyzed. The behavior of phasor measurement error and dynamic phasor model parameter with time mark at tail of window is analyzed. And the phasor modification method is proposed to reduce the reporting latency and ensure the accuracy. Simulation test verifies that the measurement accuracy and reporting latency is far exceed the standards of PMU for protection and control. It can be used for close-loop control.
引文
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[7]肖湘宁,廖坤玉,唐松浩,等.配电网电力电子化的发展和超高次谐波新问题[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(4):707-720.XIAO Xiangning,LIAO Kunyu,TANG Songhao,et al.Development of power-electronized distribution drids and the new supraharmonics issues[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(4):707-720.
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[9]李生福,张爱玲,李少华,等.“风火打捆”交直流外送系统的暂态稳定控制研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(1):108-114.LI Shengfu,ZHANG Ailing,LI Shaohua,et al.Study on transient stability control for wind-thermal-bundled power transmitted by AC/DC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(1):108-114.
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[12]PHADKE A G,THORP J S.Synchronized phasor measurements and their applications[M].Springer Press,2008.
[13]谢小荣,王银,刘华坤,等.电力系统次同步和超同步谐波相量的检测方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):189-194.XIE Xiaorong,WANG Yin,LIU Huakun,et al.Detection method for sub-synchronous and super-synchronous harmonic phasors in power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):189-194.
[14]李昂,刘亚东,孙鹏,等.基于μPMU相位数据的配电网拓扑识别方法[J].智慧电力,2017,45(11):31-36.LI Ang,LIU Yadong,SUN Peng,et al.Distribution network topology identification method based on phase data byμPMU[J].Smart Power,2017,45(11):31-36.
[15]IEEE standard for synchrophasor measurements for power systems-amendment 1:modification of selected performance requirements:IEEE Std C37.118.1a-2014[S].New York:IEEE Power and Energy Society,2014.
[16]电力系统实时动态监测系统技术规范:Q/GDW1131-2014[S].北京:国家电网公司,2015.Technology specifications of power system real time dynamic monitoring system:Q/GDW 1131-2014[S].Beijing:State Grid Corporation of China,2015.
[17]毕天姝,刘灏,杨奇逊.PMU算法动态性能及其测试系统[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(1):62-67.BI Tianshu,LIU Hao,YANG Qixun.Dynamic performance of PMU algorithm and its testing system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(1):62-67.
[18]BI Tianshu,LIU Hao,FENG Qian,et al.Dynamic phasor model-based synchrophasor estimation algorithm for M-Class PMU[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(3):1162-1171.
[19]MAI Ruikun,HE Zhengyou,FU Ling,et al.A dynamic synchrophasor estimation algorithm for online application[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(2):570-578.
[20]袁石良,董杰,徐志强,等.基于频率测量值的相量及电气量的DFT修正算法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(14):122-127.YUAN Shiliang,DONG Jie,XU Zhiqiang,et al.Acorrection DFT algorithm of phasor and electric parameters based on frequency measurement[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(14):122-127.
[21]周治国,王毅,张华良.高频采样下基于DFT的配电网相量测量算法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(19):101-108.ZHOU Zhiguo,WANG Yi,ZHANG Hualiang.Research on phasor measurement algorithm of distribution network based on DFT under high frequency sampling[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(19):101-108.
[22]DASH P K,KRISHNANAND K R,PADHEE M.Fast recursive Gauss-Newton adaptive filter for the estimation of power system frequency and harmonics in a noisy environment[J].IET Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2011,5(12):1277-1289.
[23]卢达,林繁涛,白静芬.四分之三基波周期最小二乘相量估计算法[J].电网技术,2015,39(4):1139-1145.LU Da,LIN Fantao,BAI Jingfen.Synchrophasor estimation using three-quarter fundamental period least squares[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(4):1139-1145.
[24]曹磊,赵庆生,王旭平,等.基于改进泰勒加权最小二乘法的相量测量算法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(7):24-30.CAO Lei,ZHAO Qingsheng,WANG Xuping,et al.Aphasor measurement algorithm based on improved Taylor weighted least squares[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(7):24-30.
[25]SERNA J A O.Dynamic phasor estimates for power system oscillations[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2007,56(5):1648-1657.
[26]刘灏,毕天姝,杨奇逊.数字滤波器对PMU动态行为的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):49-57.LIU Hao,BI Tianshu,YANG Qixun.The impact of digital filter on the PMU dynamic performance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(19):49-57.
[2]李永刚,韩冰,刘天皓.分布式能源接入直流配网的潮流优化[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(2):17-22,29.LI Yonggang,HAN Bing,LIU Tianhao.Power flow optimization of distributed energy access DC distribution grid[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science Edition),2016,43(2):17-22,29.
[3]VISHAL D,KRISHAN K P,PARDEEP S,et al.Optimization of photovoltaic power system:a comparative study[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(2):29-39.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0036-2.
[4]高金辉,朱迎正.基于新电源模型的动力锂电池荷电状态估计研究[J/OL].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2019,47(1):58-61,92.GAO Jinhui,ZHU Yingzheng.Study on state estimation of power lithium battery based on new power supply mode[J].Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2019,47(1):58-61,92.
[5]高金辉,巴雁远,郑晓彦.基于贝叶斯次优解的锂电池SOC初值追踪研究[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(6):27-30.GAO Jinhui,BA Yanyuan,ZHENG Xiaoyan.Lithium-ion batteries SOC initial value tracking based on suboptimal solutions of Bayesian filter[J].Journal of Henan Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2017,45(6):27-30.
[6]肖湘宁,罗超,廖坤玉.新能源电力系统次同步振荡问题研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(6):85-97.XIAO Xiangning,LUO Chao,LIAO Kunyu.Review of the research on subsynchronous oscillation issues in electric power system with renewable energy sources[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(6):85-97.
[7]肖湘宁,廖坤玉,唐松浩,等.配电网电力电子化的发展和超高次谐波新问题[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(4):707-720.XIAO Xiangning,LIAO Kunyu,TANG Songhao,et al.Development of power-electronized distribution drids and the new supraharmonics issues[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(4):707-720.
[8]张天,龚雁峰.特高压交直流电网输电技术及运行特性综述[J].智慧电力,2018,46(2):87-92.ZHANG Tian,GONG Yanfeng.Research on transmission technologies and operational performance of UHV AC/DC power grid in China[J].Smart Power,2018,46(2):87-92.
[9]李生福,张爱玲,李少华,等.“风火打捆”交直流外送系统的暂态稳定控制研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(1):108-114.LI Shengfu,ZHANG Ailing,LI Shaohua,et al.Study on transient stability control for wind-thermal-bundled power transmitted by AC/DC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(1):108-114.
[10]董希建,罗剑波,李雪明,等.交直流混联受端电网频率紧急协调控制技术及应用[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(18):59-66.DONG Xijian,LUO Jianbo,LI Xueming,et al.Research and application of frequency emergency coordination and control technology in hybrid AC/DC power grids[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(18):59-66.
[11]王宾,孙华东,张道农.配电网信息共享与同步相量测量应用技术评述[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(增刊1):1-7.WANG Bin,SUN Huadong,ZHANG Daonong.Review on data sharing and synchronized phasor measurement technique with application in distribution systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(S1):1-7.
[12]PHADKE A G,THORP J S.Synchronized phasor measurements and their applications[M].Springer Press,2008.
[13]谢小荣,王银,刘华坤,等.电力系统次同步和超同步谐波相量的检测方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):189-194.XIE Xiaorong,WANG Yin,LIU Huakun,et al.Detection method for sub-synchronous and super-synchronous harmonic phasors in power system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):189-194.
[14]李昂,刘亚东,孙鹏,等.基于μPMU相位数据的配电网拓扑识别方法[J].智慧电力,2017,45(11):31-36.LI Ang,LIU Yadong,SUN Peng,et al.Distribution network topology identification method based on phase data byμPMU[J].Smart Power,2017,45(11):31-36.
[15]IEEE standard for synchrophasor measurements for power systems-amendment 1:modification of selected performance requirements:IEEE Std C37.118.1a-2014[S].New York:IEEE Power and Energy Society,2014.
[16]电力系统实时动态监测系统技术规范:Q/GDW1131-2014[S].北京:国家电网公司,2015.Technology specifications of power system real time dynamic monitoring system:Q/GDW 1131-2014[S].Beijing:State Grid Corporation of China,2015.
[17]毕天姝,刘灏,杨奇逊.PMU算法动态性能及其测试系统[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(1):62-67.BI Tianshu,LIU Hao,YANG Qixun.Dynamic performance of PMU algorithm and its testing system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(1):62-67.
[18]BI Tianshu,LIU Hao,FENG Qian,et al.Dynamic phasor model-based synchrophasor estimation algorithm for M-Class PMU[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(3):1162-1171.
[19]MAI Ruikun,HE Zhengyou,FU Ling,et al.A dynamic synchrophasor estimation algorithm for online application[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(2):570-578.
[20]袁石良,董杰,徐志强,等.基于频率测量值的相量及电气量的DFT修正算法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(14):122-127.YUAN Shiliang,DONG Jie,XU Zhiqiang,et al.Acorrection DFT algorithm of phasor and electric parameters based on frequency measurement[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(14):122-127.
[21]周治国,王毅,张华良.高频采样下基于DFT的配电网相量测量算法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(19):101-108.ZHOU Zhiguo,WANG Yi,ZHANG Hualiang.Research on phasor measurement algorithm of distribution network based on DFT under high frequency sampling[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(19):101-108.
[22]DASH P K,KRISHNANAND K R,PADHEE M.Fast recursive Gauss-Newton adaptive filter for the estimation of power system frequency and harmonics in a noisy environment[J].IET Generation,Transmission and Distribution,2011,5(12):1277-1289.
[23]卢达,林繁涛,白静芬.四分之三基波周期最小二乘相量估计算法[J].电网技术,2015,39(4):1139-1145.LU Da,LIN Fantao,BAI Jingfen.Synchrophasor estimation using three-quarter fundamental period least squares[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(4):1139-1145.
[24]曹磊,赵庆生,王旭平,等.基于改进泰勒加权最小二乘法的相量测量算法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(7):24-30.CAO Lei,ZHAO Qingsheng,WANG Xuping,et al.Aphasor measurement algorithm based on improved Taylor weighted least squares[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(7):24-30.
[25]SERNA J A O.Dynamic phasor estimates for power system oscillations[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2007,56(5):1648-1657.
[26]刘灏,毕天姝,杨奇逊.数字滤波器对PMU动态行为的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):49-57.LIU Hao,BI Tianshu,YANG Qixun.The impact of digital filter on the PMU dynamic performance[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(19):49-57.