变压器油箱表面运行变形振型特性研究
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摘要
变压器油箱表面振动信号与其内部绕组及铁心的机械状况密切相关,对其进行测量及特性分析是诊断变压器机械故障的重要手段之一。传统的单点测量方式受油箱固有模态特性的影响,使得拾取的信号因测点位置不同而产生很大的差异,且随正常工况波动而变化,限制了该方法的进一步现场应用。该文首先提出变压器油箱表面运行变形振型(ODS)的测量方法;然后在空载及负载试验条件下,分别研究了不同电压和电流时变压器油箱表面的ODS特性,提出了利用振型相关系数(SCC)判断ODS变化程度的方法;最后研究了绕组压紧程度松动时变压器油箱的ODS特性。结果表明:不同测点加速度为多频率复合的周期稳态准同步信号,因各点信号相位相同或相反使得整个表面振动分布呈现波动形式,且不同频率最大振幅出现的位置也有所不同。加载电压及负载电流的变化会直接影响油箱表面振动加速度幅值,但并不影响整体形态,SCC接近于1,即各点间振动幅值比值不变,振动相位不变。与正常情况下相比,绕组松动时SCC远小于1,说明ODS发生了明显变化。该研究工作为基于振动信号的变压器绕组及铁心机械状态评估和故障诊断提供了一条新思路。
The vibration on the oil-tank surface of transformer can reflect the mechanical condition of internal windings and cores, so that its vibration characteristics are very important for transformer fault diagnosis. The traditional single-point measurement method is affected by the inherent modal characteristics of the oil-tank, so that the vibration varies due to the location of the measuring point. And it changes with the fluctuation of loading, which limits the further application of this method. In this paper, the measurement method of operating deflection shapes(ODS) on the oil-tank surface was put forward. No-load tests and load tests were conducted on a single-phase transformer respectively. Shape correlation coefficient(SCC) was proposed to judge the deviation of ODS. At last, the ODS characteristics under winding looseness condition were studied. The experimental results show that in the stable working condition, the vibration acceleration of each measuring point is multiple frequencies composited, periodic steady and quasi-synchronous. On account of the accelerations having the same or opposite phase, the acceleration distribution is in the form of a wave shape, moreover, the positions with the maximum amplitude at different frequencies are different. The fluctuations of voltage and current only affect the amplitude, but do not affect the overall shape. The SCC is close to 1, that is, the vibration amplitude ratio between different points unchanged, the vibration phase unchanged. Compared with the normal case, the SCC of winding looseness is far less than 1, which indicated that the ODS changes obviously. These results can provide guidance for the diagnosis of transformer windings and cores.
The vibration on the oil-tank surface of transformer can reflect the mechanical condition of internal windings and cores, so that its vibration characteristics are very important for transformer fault diagnosis. The traditional single-point measurement method is affected by the inherent modal characteristics of the oil-tank, so that the vibration varies due to the location of the measuring point. And it changes with the fluctuation of loading, which limits the further application of this method. In this paper, the measurement method of operating deflection shapes(ODS) on the oil-tank surface was put forward. No-load tests and load tests were conducted on a single-phase transformer respectively. Shape correlation coefficient(SCC) was proposed to judge the deviation of ODS. At last, the ODS characteristics under winding looseness condition were studied. The experimental results show that in the stable working condition, the vibration acceleration of each measuring point is multiple frequencies composited, periodic steady and quasi-synchronous. On account of the accelerations having the same or opposite phase, the acceleration distribution is in the form of a wave shape, moreover, the positions with the maximum amplitude at different frequencies are different. The fluctuations of voltage and current only affect the amplitude, but do not affect the overall shape. The SCC is close to 1, that is, the vibration amplitude ratio between different points unchanged, the vibration phase unchanged. Compared with the normal case, the SCC of winding looseness is far less than 1, which indicated that the ODS changes obviously. These results can provide guidance for the diagnosis of transformer windings and cores.
引文
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[16]Dossing O.Structural stroboscopy-measurement of operational deflection shapes[J].Sound and Vibration Magazine,1988,1:18-24.
[17]Schwarz B,Richardson M.Measurements required for displaying operating deflection shapes[C]//International Modal Analysis Conference XXII January,2004,26:29.
[18]Norton M P,Karczub D G.Fundamentals of noise and vibration analysis for engineers[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003.
[2]毛知新,文劲宇.变压器油中溶解气体光声光谱检测技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(7):135-143.Mao Zhixin,Wen Jinyu.Research on the detection of the dissolved gas in the transformer oil by photoacoustic spectroscopy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(7):135-143.
[3]Bartoletti C,Desiderio M,Carlo D D,et al.Vibroacoustic techniques to diagnose power transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):221-229.
[4]陈楷,王春宁,刘洪涛,等.基于振动的变压器监测与分析中最优测点选择[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2013,25(3):56-60.Chen Kai,Wang Chunning,Liu Hongtao,et al.Optimal measuring point selectional based on monitoring and analysis of transformer vibration[J].Proceedings of the CUS-EPSA,2013,25(3):56-60.
[5]徐方,邵宇鹰,金之俭,等.变压器振动测点位置选择试验研究[J].华东电力,2012,40(2):274-277.Xu Fang,Shao Yuying,Jing Zhijian,et al.Experimental study of measuring point selection for transformer vibration detection[J].East China Electric Power,2012,40(2):274-277.
[6]郭俊,汲胜昌,沈琪,等.盲源分离技术在振动法检测变压器故障中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(10):68-78.Guo Jun,Ji Shengchang,Shen Qi,et al.Blind source separation technology for the detection of transformer fault based on vibration method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(10):68-78.
[7]王佳音,白保东,刘宏亮,等.直流偏磁对变压器振动噪声的影响[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(8):56-61.Wang Jiayin,Bai Baodong,Liu Hongliang,et al.Research on vibration and noise of transformers under DC bias[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(8):56-61.
[8]汲胜昌,门阳,刘昱雯,等.运行中电力变压器油箱表面振动特性的研究[J].电工电能新技术,2007,26(2):24-28.Ji Shengchang,Men Yang,Liu Yuwen,et al.Study on the oil tank surface vibration characteristics for the running power transformer[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2007,26(2):24-28.
[9]汲胜昌,周冬生,陈锦,等.空载变压器油箱表面振动信号的初步研究[J].高电压技术,2004,30(8):30-32.Ji Shengchang,Zhou Dongsheng,Chen Jin,et al.Research on vibration signal of transformer tank surface under no-load condition[J].High Voltage Engineering,2004,30(8):30-32.
[10]朱叶叶,汲胜昌,张凡,等.电力变压器振动产生机理及影响因素研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2015,49(6):115-125.Zhu Yeye,Ji Shengchang,Zhangfan,et al.Vibration mechanism and influence factors in power transformer[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2015,49(6):115-125.
[11]Schwarz B J,Richardson M H.Introduction to operating deflection shapes[J].CSI Reliability Week,1999,10:121-126.
[12]García B,Burgos J C,AlonsoáM.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part I:theoretical foundation[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):157-163.
[13]García B,Burgos J C,AlonsoáM.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part II:experimental verification[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):164-169.
[14]Sampaio R P C,Maia N M M,Almeida R A B,et al.A simple damage detection indicator using operational deflection shapes[J].Mechanical Systems&Signal Processing,2016,72-73:629-641.
[15]Ganeriwala S N,Schwarz B,Richardson M H.Operating deflection shapes detect unbalance in rotating equipment[J].Sound and Vibration,2009,43(5):11-13.
[16]Dossing O.Structural stroboscopy-measurement of operational deflection shapes[J].Sound and Vibration Magazine,1988,1:18-24.
[17]Schwarz B,Richardson M.Measurements required for displaying operating deflection shapes[C]//International Modal Analysis Conference XXII January,2004,26:29.
[18]Norton M P,Karczub D G.Fundamentals of noise and vibration analysis for engineers[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003.