果园垄面割草机设计与试验
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摘要
针对矮砧密植型果园生草制管理所面临的垄面草体处理困难的问题,设计一种果园垄面割草机。割草机主盘刈割行间草体,侧盘可随垄面仿形并处理垄面草体。应用AIP软件对侧盘传动系统的压带支柱进行应力分析,得出其最大等效应力为146.8 MPa,最大位移为0.024 06 mm,安全系数最小值为2.38 ul,满足设计要求。样机田间试验结果表明:果园垄面割草机工作性能良好,割茬的平均高度64.4 mm,割草机的平均漏割率为5.6%,割茬高度标准差为5.15,变异系数为8.3%,稳定系数为92.7%,符合标准。割草机作业质量良好,为标准化果园机械化割草作业提供技术支持。
A kind of orchard ridge lawn mower was designed to solve the problem of difficult handling of ridge grass in the management of short-bone dense-plant orchard grassland management. The mower main body cuts the grass between the rows, and the side plate can be shaped with the ridge surface and treat the ridge grass. The stress analysis of the press belt strut of the side disc drive system was carried out by AIP software. The maximum equivalent stress was 146.8 MPa, the maximum displacement was 0.024 06 mm, and the minimum safety factor was 2.38 ul, which met the design requirements. The field test results of the prototype showed that the orchard lawn mower had good working performance, the average height of the cutting hoe was 64.4 mm, the average cutting rate of the mower was 5.6%, the standard deviation of the cutting height was 5.15, and the coefficient of variation was 8.3%. The stability factor was 92.7%, which was in line with the standard. The mowers are of good quality and provide technical support for the standardized orchard mechanized mowing operations.
A kind of orchard ridge lawn mower was designed to solve the problem of difficult handling of ridge grass in the management of short-bone dense-plant orchard grassland management. The mower main body cuts the grass between the rows, and the side plate can be shaped with the ridge surface and treat the ridge grass. The stress analysis of the press belt strut of the side disc drive system was carried out by AIP software. The maximum equivalent stress was 146.8 MPa, the maximum displacement was 0.024 06 mm, and the minimum safety factor was 2.38 ul, which met the design requirements. The field test results of the prototype showed that the orchard lawn mower had good working performance, the average height of the cutting hoe was 64.4 mm, the average cutting rate of the mower was 5.6%, the standard deviation of the cutting height was 5.15, and the coefficient of variation was 8.3%. The stability factor was 92.7%, which was in line with the standard. The mowers are of good quality and provide technical support for the standardized orchard mechanized mowing operations.
引文
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[15] 郭文鑫,王仲民,邓三鹏,等.油桶翻新整形机支撑辊轮有限元分析[J].机械研究与应用,2018(5):64-65.Guo Wenxin,Wang Zhongmin,Deng Sanpeng,et al.Finite element analysis on support roller of oil barrel reconstructive shaper [J].Mechanical Research & Application,2018(5):64-65.
[16] 程志红,程慧琳.普通V带传动压轴力的精确计算[J].机械,2000(5):15.
[17] 杨欣,刘俊峰,李建平,等.苹果起苗铲有限元分析与结构设计[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(2):84-87.Yang Xin,Liu Junfeng,Li Jianping,et al.Structural design and finite element analysis of apple seeding lifter [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(2):84-87.
[18] 陈伯雄.Autodesk Inventor Professional 2008机械设计实战教程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[19] 吴子牛.空气动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[2] 潘变,李广伟,朱学敏.9G-1.4型往复式果园割草机的设计[J].农业研究与应用,2013(2):47-50.Pan Bian,Li Guangwei,Zhu Xuemin,et al.The design of 9G-1.4 reciprocating mower of orchard [J].Agricultural Research and Application,2013(2):47-50.
[3] 宋月鹏,张韬,樊桂菊,等.国内外果园生草技术及其刈割机械的研究进展[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(5):111-117.Song Yuepeng,Zhang Tao,Fan Guiju,et al.Research progress of domestic and foreign growing grass technologies and cutting machines in orchard [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(5):111-117.
[4] Hoyt G D,Hargrove W L.Legume covercrops for improving crop and soil management in southern United States [J].Hortscience,1986,21(3):397-402.
[5] 张碧玲.果园生草栽培技术[J].农业与技术,2018,38(15):67-68.
[6] 常有宏,吕晓兰,蔺经,等.我国果园机械化现状与发展思路[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(6):21-26.Chang Youhong,Lv Xiaolan,Lin Jing,et al.Present state and thinking about development of orchard mechanization in China [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013,34(6):21-26.
[7] 朱立宗,陈广升,张名焕,等.小型手推式割草机的设计[J].科技创新与应用,2017(3):15-16.
[8] 刘延超,宋世忠,孙红梅,等.GCL120-160型路用割草机的研制[J].黑龙江交通科技,2002(6):57-58,64.Liu Yanchao,Song Shizhong,Sun Hongmei,et al.Development and study of GCL120-160 road grass cutter [J].Communicatios Science and Technology Heilongjiang,2002(6):57-58,64.
[9] 程小龙.果园乘坐自走式割草机的设计与试验研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2015.Cheng Xiaolong.Design and experimental research of self-propelled riding of orchard mower [D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2015.
[10] 马燕平,芮延年.基于Simulink动力学仿真割草机自动放线机构的优化设计[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(1):193-196.Ma Yanping,Rui Yannian.Optimization design for automatic wire-going mechanism of mower based on the Simulink dynamics simulation [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(1):193-196.
[11] 中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册:下册[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2007.
[12] 段天青,盛国成.双圆盘旋转式刈割机切割器的研究与设计[J].农业机械,2010(18):95-97.
[13] 赵满全,张宁,杨铁军,等.双圆盘割草机切割器虚拟样机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(8):101-105.Zhao Manquan,Zhang Ning,Yang Tiejun,et al.Design and experiment of virtual prototype of double disc mower cutter [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(8):101-105.
[14] GB/T10938—2008,旋转割草机[S].
[15] 郭文鑫,王仲民,邓三鹏,等.油桶翻新整形机支撑辊轮有限元分析[J].机械研究与应用,2018(5):64-65.Guo Wenxin,Wang Zhongmin,Deng Sanpeng,et al.Finite element analysis on support roller of oil barrel reconstructive shaper [J].Mechanical Research & Application,2018(5):64-65.
[16] 程志红,程慧琳.普通V带传动压轴力的精确计算[J].机械,2000(5):15.
[17] 杨欣,刘俊峰,李建平,等.苹果起苗铲有限元分析与结构设计[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(2):84-87.Yang Xin,Liu Junfeng,Li Jianping,et al.Structural design and finite element analysis of apple seeding lifter [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(2):84-87.
[18] 陈伯雄.Autodesk Inventor Professional 2008机械设计实战教程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[19] 吴子牛.空气动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.