谷物压入硬度测定方法的研究与优化
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摘要
为研究一种稳定性与可靠性较高的谷物硬度测定方法,利用压痕深度法和基于压痕曲线法对谷物籽粒进行硬度试验研究,并用正交试验和综合评分法对基于压痕曲线法的因素水平进行优化研究。结果表明:不同因素水平下基于压痕曲线法的重复性高、可靠性整体要优于压痕深度法;基于压痕曲线法的最优参数组合是:加载速度为3 mm/min,压入深度为0.5 mm,压头类型为45°四棱锥,表面粗糙度为400目;利用优化参数测得豌豆硬度较大为82.7 MPa,蚕豆、红豆、黑米、糯米、玉米接近在70～73 MPa之间,绿豆居中为40.8 MPa,小麦和大豆最小在22 MPa左右。基于压痕曲线法在最优参数组合下能够实现谷物硬度测定的统一性和可比性,并且为谷物硬度计的研制提供依据。
In order to develop a method for the determination of grain hardness with high stability and reliability, the hardness test of grain was studied by indentation depth method and indentation curve method, and the factors based on indentation curve method were optimized by orthogonal test and comprehensive scoring method. The results showed that the method based on indentation curve has higher repeatability and reliability than the method based on indentation depth. The optimal parameter combination based on indentation curve method were: loading speed of 3 mm/min, press depth of 0.5 mm, the types of pressure head of 45° rectangular pyramid, the surface roughness of 400 mesh. Using optimized parameters to determination the grain hardness, the hardness of pea was 82.7 MPa, that of broad bean, red bean, black rice, sticky rice and maize was close to 70～73 MPa, mung bean was 40.8 MPa, and wheat and soybean was about 22 MPa. The indentation curve method can achieve the uniformity and comparability of grain hardness measurement under the optimal parameter combination, and provide the basis for the development of grain hardness tester.
In order to develop a method for the determination of grain hardness with high stability and reliability, the hardness test of grain was studied by indentation depth method and indentation curve method, and the factors based on indentation curve method were optimized by orthogonal test and comprehensive scoring method. The results showed that the method based on indentation curve has higher repeatability and reliability than the method based on indentation depth. The optimal parameter combination based on indentation curve method were: loading speed of 3 mm/min, press depth of 0.5 mm, the types of pressure head of 45° rectangular pyramid, the surface roughness of 400 mesh. Using optimized parameters to determination the grain hardness, the hardness of pea was 82.7 MPa, that of broad bean, red bean, black rice, sticky rice and maize was close to 70～73 MPa, mung bean was 40.8 MPa, and wheat and soybean was about 22 MPa. The indentation curve method can achieve the uniformity and comparability of grain hardness measurement under the optimal parameter combination, and provide the basis for the development of grain hardness tester.
引文
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[2] 张克平,吴劲锋,黄晓鹏,等.含水率对小麦磨料磨损性能影响的试验[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(5):52-54.Zhang Keping,Wu Jinfeng,Huang Xiaopeng,et al.Experiment of abrasive wear for wheat grain powder of different moisture content [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013,34(5):52-54.
[3] 张涛.谷物力学特性与理化指标及关联性研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.Zhang Tao.Related study on mechanical characteristic and physicochemical property of corn [D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2015.
[4] 郭文娟,丁要军.基于聚类分析的育种小麦机械裂纹硬度算法[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(12):37-40,88.Guo Wenjuan,Ding Yaojun.Algorithm of breeding wheat mechanical crack hardness based on clustering analysis [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(12):37-40,88.
[5] Barron C,Parker M L,Mills E N C,et al.FTIR imaging of wheat endosperm cell walls in situ reveals compositional and architectural heterogeneity related to grain hardness [J].Planta,2005,220(5):667-677.
[6] Delenne J Y,Haddad Y,Benet J C,et al.Use of mechanics of cohesive granular media for analysis of hardness and vitreousness of wheat endosperm [J].Journal of Cereal Science,2008,47(3):438-444.
[7] Anderssen R S,Haraszi R.Characterizing and exploiting the rheology of wheat hardness [J].European Food Research and Technology,2009,229(1):159-174.
[8] Marzec A,Cacak-Pietrzak G,Gondek E.Mechanical and acoustic properties of spring wheat versus its technological quality factors [J].Journal of Texture Studies,2011,42(4):319-329.
[9] 吴连连,宋藜,邱雷明.谷物硬度测量技术的现状与发展趋势[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(9):2535-2536,2539.Wu Lianlian,Song Li,Qiu Leiming.Present condition and development of grain hardness measure technology [J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2007,35(9):2535-2536,2539.
[10] 陈广大,刘德君,李天旭,等.便携式水果硬度测量仪的设计[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(7):85-88.Chen Guangda,Liu Dejun,Li Tianxu,et al.Design of the portable fruit hardness measuring instrument [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(7):85-88.
[11] 郭世华,何中虎,马庆,等.小麦籽粒硬度研究进展[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(2):107-111.Guo Shihua,He Zhonghu,Ma Qing,et al.Wheat grain hardness review [J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2005,25(2):107-111.
[12] 郭桢祥,赵仁勇.玉米硬度测定方法研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2002(12):44-46.Guo Zhenxiang,Zhao Renyong.Corn hardness determination [J].Cereal & Feed Industry,2002(12):44-46.
[13] 张锋伟,赵春花,郭维俊,等.基于压痕加载曲线的谷物籽粒硬度性能测定技术[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(4):128-133.Zhang Fengwei,Zhao Chunhua,Guo Weijun,et al.Testing of grain hardness based on indentation loading curve [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(4):128-133.
[14] 汪志兵,徐伟君,李显旺,等.红麻蒴果力学特性试验与分析[J].中国农机化学报,2015,36(6):136-138.Wang Zhibing,Xu Weijun,Li Xianwang,et al.Test on the mechanical properties of kenaf capsule [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2015,36(6):136-138.
[15] 张锋伟,赵武云,韩正晟,等.谷物籽粒硬度测定方法[P].中国专利:ZL200910165438.4,2011-06-15.
[16] 孙霁宇,佟金,闫久林,等.臭蜣螂股节表皮纳米力学性能测试[J].农业机械学报,2004,35(5):157-160.Sun Jiyu,Tong Jin,Yan Jiulin,et al.Property tests of nano-indentation on femur cuticle of dung beetle [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2004,35(5):157-160.
[17] 董健.基于机器视觉的布氏硬度测量研究[D].包头:内蒙古科技大学,2012.Dong Jian.Research on brinell hardness measure based on machine vision [D].Baotou:Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,2012.
[18] 刘美华.压痕硬度测试中的力学问题研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.Liu Meihua.Study on mechanics problem in the indentation testing [D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2007.
[19] 贾世奎,李成贵,刘春红.超光滑表面纳米压痕硬度测试研究[J].工业计量,2008,18(2):3-5.Jia Shikui,Li Chenggui,Liu Chunhong.Research on nano-hardness testing of super smooth surface [J].Industrial Metrology,2008,18(2):3-5.
[20] 田霖.AlxCoCrFeNi体系高熵合金室温纳米压入力学行为研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017.Tian Lin.Study of room nano-indentation behavior of AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys [D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2017.
[21] 郭颖杰,张玉虎,黄春洋,等.参类种子剪切特性试验研究[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(4):49-52.Guo Yingjie,Zhang Yuhu,Huang Chunyang,et al.Research on shear properties of ginseng seed [J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(4):49-52.
[22] 范孟雪,秦昆明,丁斐,等.Box-Behnken响应面法结合多指标综合加权法优选升麻中酚酸类成分的提取工艺[J].中国药房,2016,27(13):1835-1838.Fan Mengxue,Qin Kunming,Ding Fei,et al.Optimization of the extraction technology of phendic acids in cimicifugae foetidae by using Box-Behnken response surface methodol-ogy [J].China Pharmacy,2016,27(13):1835-1838.
[23] 蔡丽清.维氏硬度试验及其主要影响因素分析[J].物理测试,2008,26(5):21-23.Cai Liqing.Vickershardness experiment and analysis of main effective factors [J].Physics Examination and Testing,2008,26(5):21-23.